Oral squamous cell carcinoma cell-derived GM-CSF regulates PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Previous study reported that gastric cancer-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) could mediate neutrophil activation and induce PD-L1 expression through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, this pathway in various cancers could also regulate PD-L1 expression of tumor cells. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate whether the JAK2/STAT3 pathway regulates PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which can help us achieve further understanding of immune escape mechanisms in OSCC.

Elastic nails for fibular fracture in adult tibiofibular fractures.

Treatment of adult tibiofibular fractures, especially severely comminuted fractures, is technically challenging due to the lack of reduction markers and difficulty in restoring the alignment. Fixation of the fibula can facilitate reduction of the tibia fracture and restoration of the lower-extremity alignment. However, there are few literatures mentioned using intramedullary nail fixation for fibular fractures.

Comparative study of InterTAN and Dynamic Hip Screw in treatment of femoral intertrochanteric injury and wound.

The aim of this study is to compare the effects and complications of InterTAN nail versus Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) in treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Between January 2006 and December 2013, a total of 75 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures were retrospectively reviewed. There were 16 cases of type A1, 51 cases of type A2, and 8 cases of type A3.