Digital auscultation in clear and present threat of novel respiratory infectious disease: a narrative review.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has underscored the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods, particularly in ensuring the safety of healthcare workers and patients during infectious outbreaks. Smartphone-based digital stethoscopes enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as potential tools for addressing these challenges by enabling remote, efficient, and accessible auscultation. Despite advancements, most existing systems depend on additional hardware and external processing, increasing costs and complicating deployment.

An overview of additive manufacturing strategies of enzyme-immobilized nanomaterials with application incatalysis and biomedicine.

Meticulous and bespoke fabrication of structural materials with simple yet innovative outlines along with on-demand availability is the imperative aspiration for numerous fields. The alliance between nanotechnology and enzymes has led to the establishment of an inimitable and proficient class of materials. With the advancement in the field of additive manufacturing, the fabrication of some complex biological architects is achievable with similitude to the instinctive microenvironment of the biological tissue.

Improved aquila optimizer for swarm-based solutions to complex engineering problems.

The traditional optimization approaches suffer from certain problems like getting stuck in local optima, low speed, susceptibility to local optima, and searching unknown search spaces, thus requiring reliance on single-based solutions. Herein, an Improved Aquila Optimizer (IAO) is proposed, which is a unique meta-heuristic optimization method motivated by the hunting behavior of Aquila. An improved version of Aquila optimizer seeks to increase effectiveness and productivity.

Salinity stress mitigation in wheat through synergistic application of ascorbic acid, nanoparticles and Salvadora oleoides extract.

Salinity stress adversely affects wheat growth and productivity, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study investigates the combined impact of ascorbic acid (AsA), silver nanoparticles (NPs), and Salvadora oleoides aqueous leaf extract (LE) on wheat tolerance to salinity stress. A randomized complete design (RCD) was employed with fourteen treatments: T1 (5 mM AsA), T2 (10 mM AsA), T3 (20 ppm AgNPs), T4 (40 ppm AgNPs), T5 (5% S.

Key Risk Factors, Sex Differences, and the Influence of High-Intensity Exercise on Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A 10-Year Cohort Study Based on 1,120,377 Individuals from the NHISS Data.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally. Therefore, this study aims to examine data from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service (NHISS) to investigate factors influencing colon cancer incidence, focusing on key variables and optimal cutoff points. The patient cohort from the NHISS database included 1,120,377 individuals aged 1-85 years.

Clinical Impact of TP53 Mutations in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Who Were Treated with Targeted Therapies or Immunotherapy.

Purpose: TP53 mutations are common in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We evaluated their clinical impact in patients treated with targeted agents or immunotherapy in the KCSG HN15-16 TRIUMPH trial.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with TP53 mutations in the TRIUMPH trial, a multicenter, biomarker-driven umbrella trial in Korea.

Inosine exerts dopaminergic neuroprotective effects via mitigation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Transformation of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β into a mature IL-1β via active inflammasome may be related to the progression of PD. Therefore, the modification of inflammasome activity may be a potential therapeutic strategy for PD.

R290-Hydrofluoroolefin based low global warming potential refrigerant mixtures for room air conditioner: An energy, exergy, and environmental (3E) analysis.

Among the numerous residential appliances, window or split air conditioners are the most prevalent. The hydrochlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants used in those systems are causing a serious threat to the environment. In this study, R290-hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) mixtures are proposed as replacements for high-GWP substances (R410A and R22) in window air conditioning (WAC) units.

Hierarchical NiCoO@CuS composite electrode with enhanced surface area for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors.

Hierarchical binder-free NiCoO@CuS composite electrodes have been successfully fabricated on a nickel foam surface using a facile hydrothermal method and directly used as a battery-type electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The surface morphological studies reveal that the composite electrode exhibited porous NiCoO nanograss-like structures with CuS nanostructures. The surface area of the composite is significantly enhanced (91.

[Guideline for Minimizing Radiation Exposure of Interventionalists during Fluoroscopy-guided Interventional Procedures].

As fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures gain popularity, the associated health threats from radiation exposure to interventionalists during these procedures are increasing. Therefore, an understanding of the potential risks of radiation and careful consideration on minimizing exposure to radiation during the procedures are of paramount importance. The Korean Pancreatobiliary Association has developed a clinical practice guideline to minimize radiation exposure during fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures.

Complete or incomplete revascularization in patients with left main culprit lesion acute myocardial infarction with multivessel disease: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better.

Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.

Differences in pain treatment between the healthcare systems in South Korea and Quebec and proposals for improvements.

After a year of exchange in Montreal, a South Korean academic physiatrist and his Canadian colleague have reflected on the strengths and weaknesses of their respective healthcare systems. They have focused more specifically on physiatrist-delivered pain medicine treatments. This article is written based on personal perspectives.

Real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic segmental volume analysis: a quantitative and objective tool for assessing regional left ventricle wall motion in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Background: Evaluation of regional left ventricle function using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in patients with ischemic heart disease has limitations due to its low objectivity and qualitative nature. In addition, 2DE is limited because multiple acoustic windows are used to obtain the image, whereas three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) uses a single window. This study aims to demonstrate the clinical utility of 3DE segmental volume analysis for evaluating regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA).

Difference of Parental Level of Concerns on Surgery according to the Perspectives and Characteristic among Pediatrics with Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in the level of concerns regarding exotropia surgery according to the perspectives regarding surgery and basic characteristics of parents of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia in Korea.

Methods: This study included the parents of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery at five hospitals, between June 2022 and February 2023. Parental perspectives, basic characteristics, and levels of concern regarding surgery were assessed using a questionnaire.

Inhibition of Oral Biofilms and Enhancement of Anticancer Activity on Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells Using Caffeine-Coated Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles.

The fungus Candida albicans is a prominent cariogenic fungal agent that works in association with Streptococcus mutans to accelerate the formation of oral cancer and tooth decay. This study evaluates caffeine-encapsulated titanium oxide nanoparticles (CF-TiO2 NPs) for their potential to prevent biofilm formation on teeth and enhance oral anticancer treatment by influencing apoptotic gene regulation. The synthesized CF-TiO2 NPs were characterized using UV, SEM, EDAX, and FTIR analyses, and their antioxidant activity was confirmed through free radical quenching studies.

Influence of prestroke glycemic status on outcomes by age in patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus.

Background: This study aimed to explore the association between admission HbA1c and the risk of 1-year vascular outcomes stratified by age group in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This study analyzed prospective multicenter data from patients with AIS and DM. Admission HbA1C were categorized as:≤6.

Designing a Simple Quinoline-Based Chromo-Fluorogenic Receptor for Highly Specific Quantification of Copper (II) Ions: Environmental and Bioimaging Applications.

Many industries use copper metal ions (Cu ions), and their salts are utilized as supplemental materials in both agriculture and medicine. Identifying and monitoring these Cu ions in biological and environmental specimens is crucial due to their association with several health issues. In this investigation, we have designed a simple quinoline-based receptor (E)-3-(((2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (QAP) containing imine functional groups to inspect its capability to identify metal ions in a semi-aqueous medium.

The inflammatory bowel disease and gut microbiome are restored by employing metformin-loaded alginate-shelled microcapsules.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic or recurrent inflammatory disorder affecting various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Metformin, a widely prescribed hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes, has shown potential in reducing IBD risk. However, its oral administration faces significant challenges due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, requiring higher or more frequent doses to achieve therapeutic effects, which increases the risk of side effects.

A focused review on photocatalytic potential of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) based metal oxide-nanostructures for effective remediation of most overused antibiotics.

Researchers in the field of photocatalysis are interested in finding a solution to the problem of charge transfer and recombination in photodegradation mechanisms. The ideal photoactive catalyst would be inexpensive, environmentally friendly, easily manufactured, and highly efficient. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) and metal oxide (MOx) based nanocomposites (g-CN/MOx) are among the photocatalysts that provide the best results in terms of charge transfer capacity, redox capabilities, and charge recombination inhibition.

Advancement in medical report generation: current practices, challenges, and future directions.

The correct analysis of medical images requires the medical knowledge and expertise of radiologists to understand, clarify, and explain complex patterns and diagnose diseases. After analyzing, radiologists write detailed and well-structured reports that contribute to the precise and timely diagnosis of patients. However, manually writing reports is often expensive and time-consuming, and it is difficult for radiologists to analyze medical images, particularly images with multiple views and perceptions.

Graph neural networks and transfer entropy enhance forecasting of mesozooplankton community dynamics.

Mesozooplankton are critical components of marine ecosystems, acting as key intermediaries between primary producers and higher trophic levels by grazing on phytoplankton and influencing fish populations. They play pivotal roles in the pelagic food web and export production, affecting the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. Therefore, accurately modeling and visualizing mesozooplankton community dynamics is essential for understanding marine ecosystem patterns and informing effective management strategies.

Assessment of growth, biomass, and carbon sequestration potential of urban tree species in greenbelts.

This study assessed the growth, biomass, and carbon storage potential of four urban tree species-Pinus roxburghii, Broussonetia papyrifera, Jacaranda mimosifolia, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis-in Islamabad's greenbelts. Sampling was conducted using a quadrat method, covering five sites (F-9, G-8, H-8, I-8, Zero-Point), with 400 trees analyzed. Growth parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH), height, aboveground biomass (AGB), aboveground carbon density (ACD), belowground carbon density (BCD), basal area (BA), and volume were measured.

Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil Combined with Pegteograstim for Unresectable, Locally Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KCSG HN18-07.

Purpose: The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) has not been established prospectively. We conducted a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (TPF) in this population.

Materials And Methods: Eligible patients had unresectable, locally advanced SNSCC, defined as T3/4 stage or potential compromise of critical organ function on surgery.