A customized convolutional neural network-based approach for weeds identification in cotton crops.

Smart farming is a hot research area for experts globally to fulfill the soaring demand for food. Automated approaches, based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), for crop disease identification, weed classification, and monitoring have substantially helped increase crop yields. Plant diseases and pests are posing a significant danger to the health of plants, thus causing a reduction in crop production.

A rhodamine-conjugated fluorescent and colorimetric receptor for the detection of Cu ions: environmental utility and smartphone integration.

A new rhodamine based turn on florescent probe ()-3',6'-bis(ethylamino)-2-(((6-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-2',7'-dimethylspiro[isoindoline-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one (RME) was efficiently synthesized through a simple condensation reaction of 2-amino-3',6'-bis(ethylamino)-2',7'-dimethylspiro[isoindoline-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one and 6-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde. The receptor RME is highly non-fluorescent and when copper ions (Cu ions) are added in DMF/water (1 : 2, v/v) medium, the receptor RME exhibits a specific "turn-on" colorimetric and fluorometric response. Moreover, RME binding with Cu ions produced a remarkable color variation that was perceptible to the human eye, changing from colorless to pink.

High- organic-inorganic hybrid dielectric material for flexible thin-film transistors and printed logic circuits.

A new photopolymerizable organic-inorganic (O-I) hybrid sol-gel material, AUP@SiO-184, has been synthesized and utilized as a gate dielectric in flexible organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The previously reported three-arm alkoxy-functionalized silane amphiphilic polymer has yielded stable O-I hybrid materials comprising uniformly dispersed nanoparticles in the sol state. In this study, a photosensitizer was introduced, facilitating curing effects under ultraviolet light.

Synergistic effects of Vachellia nilotica-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles and melatonin on drought tolerance in Fragaria × ananassa.

This study investigates the synergistic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and melatonin (MT) on Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) plants under drought stress, focusing on growth, fruit biomass, and stress tolerance. ZnO NPs enhance nutrient uptake and stress resistance, while MT regulates growth hormones and boosts photosynthetic efficiency. Seven treatments were evaluated: T1 (no stress, 0.

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of the Methanolic Extract and Fractions of Datura stramonium in Paracetamol-intoxicated Rabbits.

Introduction: Datura stramonium (DS) possesses strong medicinal and therapeutic potential but has been rarely evaluated in this context.

Methods: The present study was intended to evaluate the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective potential of the crude methanolic leaf extract and ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane, and aqueous fractions of DS in paracetamol-intoxicated rabbits. Paracetamol (2 g/Kg BW) was applied to induce liver and kidney injury in rabbits while the methanolic extract and fractions of DS were applied in the dose range of 150 mg/Kg to 300 mg/Kg body weight for 21 days.

Fabrication and functional validation of a hybrid biomimetic nanovaccine (HBNV) against -mutant melanoma.

Cancer nanovaccines hold the promise for personalization, precision, and pliability by integrating all the elements essential for effective immune stimulation. An effective immune response requires communication and interplay between antigen-presenting cells (APCs), tumor cells, and immune cells to stimulate, extend, and differentiate antigen-specific and non-specific anti-tumor immune cells. The versatility of nanomedicine can be adapted to deliver both immunoadjuvant payloads and antigens from the key players in immunity (i.

Cellulases Production by Aspergillus unguis in Solid State Fermentation and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Dilute Acid-Treated Groundnut Fodder.

Groundnut fodder was utilized as a bioresource for the production of cellulases through solid state fermentation (SSF). Aspergillus unguis was initially grown on modified groundnut fodder for cellulase production and the fodder was hydrolyzed by the crude cellulase extract into fermentable hydrolyzate. The highest titer of Filter paperase (FPase), Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), β-glucosidase, and protein content were found to be 11.

Overcoming β-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: CD36 Inhibition and Antioxidant System.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is marked by chronic hyperglycemia, gradually worsening β-cell failure, and insulin resistance. Glucotoxicity and oxidative stress cause β-cell failure by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairing insulin secretion, and disrupting transcription factors such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MafA). Cluster determinant 36 (CD36), an essential glycoprotein responsible for fatty acid uptake, exacerbates oxidative stress and induces the apoptosis of β-cells under hyperglycemic conditions through pathways involving ceramide, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and Rac1-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-mediated redoxosome formation.

Switching to Besifovir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: A Randomized Trial.

Background/aims: Besifovir (BSV) showed comparable antiviral activity superior safety profiles to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, no data are available regarding the antiviral efficacy and safety of BSV in patients with CHB who switched from long-term TDF to BSV. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of a 48-week BSV therapy in patients with CHB who switched from long-term TDF treatment.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate attenuates IgE/Ag-stimulated mast cell activation and anaphylactic responses via activating SHP-1 pathway.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a widely distributed and persistent organic pollutant, is known to cause immune dysfunction. In a previous study, we reported that PFOS modestly increases mast cell activation. However, its effects on FcεRI (a high-affinity IgE receptor)-mediated mast cell activation, a pivotal process in inflammatory allergic reactions and innate immunity, have not been clearly demonstrated.

Advanced environmental remediation using enhanced performance of hollow ZnO@SnInS core-shell nanorod arrays for hazardous ion and organic pollutant removal.

Herein, novel hollow ZnO and ZnO@SnInS core-shell nanorods (NRs) with controlled shell thickness were developed via a facile synthesis approach for the efficient photocatalytic remediation of organic as well inorganic water pollutants. The introduction of SnInS shell layer coating over ZnO enhances visible light absorption, efficient exciton-mediated direct charge transfer, and reduces the band gap of ZnO@SnInS core-shell nanorods. The ZnO@SnInS core-shell nanorods show efficient solar-light driven catalytic efficiency for the disintegration of industrial dye (orange G), degradation of tetracycline, and reduction of hazardous Cr (VI) ions in aquatic systems.

Leveraging the nanotopography of filamentous fungal chitin-glucan nano/microfibrous spheres (FNS) coated with collagen (type I) for scaffolded fibroblast spheroids in regenerative medicine.

Numerous naturally occurring biological structures have inspired the development of innovative biomaterials for a wide range of applications. Notably, the nanotopographical architectures found in natural materials have been leveraged in biomaterial design to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation and improve tissue regeneration for biomedical applications. In this study, we fabricated three-dimensional (3D) chitin-glucan micro/nanofibrous fungal-based spheres coated with collagen (type I) to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment.

Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023.

Materials And Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form.

Simultaneous and Ultraspecific Optical Detection of Multiple miRNAs Using a Liquid Flow-Based Microfluidic Assay.

Recent studies have reported that the cause and progression of many diseases are closely related to complex and diverse gene regulation involving multiple microRNAs (miRNAs). However, most existing methods for miRNA detection typically deal with one sample at a time, which limits the achievement of high diagnostic accuracy for diseases associated with multiple gene dysregulations. Herein, we develop a liquid flow-based microfluidic optical assay for the simple and reliable detection of two different target miRNAs simultaneously at room temperature without any enzymatic reactions.

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Ficus benghalensis for Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities.

Crystal Violet (CV) is a vibrant and harmful dye known for its toxicity to aquatic life and potential carcinogenic effects on humans. This study explores the removal of CV through photocatalysis driven by visible light, as well as examining the antibacterial and antibiofilm characteristics of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from the aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis. Various characterization techniques were employed to confirm the optical properties, crystal lattices, and morphology of ZnO NPs.

Comparative analysis of C-Reactive protein levels among Non-comorbid, Comorbid, and Multimorbid Hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most commonly monitored inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 to gain insight into the inflammation level in the body and to adopt effective disease management and therapeutic strategies. COVID-19 is now less prevalent, and the study of CRP as a biomarker of inflammation still needs deeper understanding, particularly in understanding its role among patients with comorbidities, which are known to influence inflammatory responses and increase the risk of severe outcomes during acute and chronic infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of major comorbidities such as ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and lung infections e.

Clinical spectrum of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia in individuals of Korean ancestry.

Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is a rare white matter disease characterized by axonal and glial injury. Although its clinical characteristics have been described in case reports, the prevalence of CSF1R mutations in clinically suspected ALSP cases remains unclear. Herein, we analysed the frequency of CSF1R mutations in patients with probable or possible ALSP and describe the genetic, clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of ALSP cases in individuals of Korean ancestry.

Human serum albumin-3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid conjugate inhibits amyloid-β aggregation and mitigates cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most commonly occurring brain disorder, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, subsequently leading to neurocognitive decline. 3-Amino-1-propanesulfonic acid (TPS) and its prodrug, currently under clinical trial III, serve as promising therapeutic agents targeting Aβ pathology by specifically preventing monomer-to-oligomer formation. Inspired by the potency of TPS prodrug, we hypothesized that conjugating TPS with human serum albumin (HSA) could enhance brain delivery and synergistically inhibit Aβ aggregation in mild to moderate AD.

Efficacy of Additional Surgical Decompression on Functional Outcome in Pyogenic Spinal Epidural Abscess With No Neurological Deficit.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of additional surgical decompression with antibiotics to treat pyogenic spinal epidural abscess (SEA) with no neurological deficits.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients diagnosed with spontaneous pyogenic SEA in the thoracolumbosacral area who presented with sciatica and no motor deficits in the lower extremities. The treatment took place in a single tertiary hospital.

Novel Transfer Learning Approach for Detecting Infected and Healthy Maize Crop Using Leaf Images.

Maize is a staple crop worldwide, essential for food security, livestock feed, and industrial uses. Its health directly impacts agricultural productivity and economic stability. Effective detection of maize crop health is crucial for preventing disease spread and ensuring high yields.

Intelligent two-phase dual authentication framework for Internet of Medical Things.

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has revolutionized healthcare by bringing real-time monitoring and data-driven treatments. Nevertheless, the security of communication between IoMT devices and servers remains a huge problem because of the inherent sensitivity of the health data and susceptibility to cyber threats. Current security solutions, including simple password-based authentication and standard Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) approaches, typically do not achieve an appropriate balance between security and low computational overhead, resulting in the possibility of performance bottlenecks and increased vulnerability to attacks.

Engineering bandgap energy of MoO nanorod heterostructure using AgVO for efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic pollutant.

The increasing contamination of water bodies with pharmaceutical pollutants, particularly acetaminophen, necessitates innovative and efficient remediation strategies. This study introduces a novel AgVO@MoO (AV@MoO) nanorod heterostructure synthesized via a hydrothermal process designed to enrich the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic pollutant using visible light irradiation. The bandgap energy of the optimum AV@MoO-3 heterostructure is 2.

The Effects of Laxogenin and 5-Alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin on Myotube Formation and Maturation During Cultured Meat Production.

Cultured meat (CM) is derived from the in vitro myogenesis of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs) and offers a promising alternative protein source. However, the development of a cost-effective media formulation that promotes cell growth has yet to be achieved. In this study, laxogenin (LAX) and 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin (5HLAX) were computationally screened against myostatin (MSTN), a negative regulator of muscle mass, because of their antioxidant properties and dual roles as MSTN inhibitors and enhancers of myogenesis regulatory factors.

Electrochemical Sensing of Metribuzin Utilizing the Synergistic Effects of Cationic and Anionic Bio-Polymers with Hetero-Doped Carbon.

The development of innovative, cost effective, and biocompatible sensor materials for rapid and efficient practical applications is a key area of focus in electroanalytical chemistry. In this research, we report on a novel biocompatible sensor, made using a unique polybenzoxazine-based carbon combined with amino cellulose and hyaluronic acid to produce a bio-polymer complex (PBC-ACH) (polybenzoxazine-based carbon with amino cellulose and hyaluronic acid). This sensor material is fabricated for the first time to enable the electroreduction of the herbicide, metribuzin (MTZ).