Adult-Onset Leukoencephalopathy with Axonal Spheroid and Pigmented Glia: Different Histological Spectrums Presented in Autopsy Cases of Siblings and a Surgical Case of Stereotactic Biopsy.

Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia encompasses hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented orthochromatic leukodystrophy. We describe the clinicopathological and genetic findings of three patients with this disorder. All patients presented with dysarthria, with or without cognitive decline.

The subjective controllability of exotropia and its effect on surgical outcomes in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Background/aims: We evaluate the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia with controllability and compare surgical outcomes between patients with and without controllability.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients aged 6-18 years with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery between September 2015 and September 2021. Controllability was defined as the patient's subjective awareness of exotropia or diplopia associated with the presence of exotropia and ability to instinctively correct the ocular exodeviation.

Shear stress induces monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation by upregulating cell-surface expression of heat shock proteins.

The loss of endothelial cells is associated with the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages underneath the surface of the arteries, where cells are prone to mechanical stimulation, such as shear stress. However, the impact of mechanical stimuli on monocytic cells remains unclear. To assess whether mechanical stress affects monocytic cell function, we examined the expression of inflammatory molecules and surface proteins, whose levels changed following shear stress in human THP-1 cells.

Cosmetic Open Rhinoplasty in Acute Nasal Bone Fracture With Pre-Existing Deformity.

The simultaneous reduction of nasal bone fracture and cosmetic rhinoplasty is a challenging procedure, because of fracture severity and skeletal instability. Our aim was to investigate the surgical strategy and outcomes of cosmetic rhinoplasty according to the pre-existing nasal deformity when performing simultaneous reduction of nasal bone fracture and cosmetic rhinoplasty. In total, 71 patients who underwent cosmetic rhinoplasty were included.

Real-life effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib treatment in patients with ulcerative colitis: a KASID multicenter cohort study.

Background: Tofacitinib is a small molecule that inhibits Janus kinase and has been reported to be effective in Western patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the real-life data on tofacitinib in Asian UC patients are limited.

Objective: To investigate the real-life effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib induction and maintenance treatment in Korean patients with UC.

Brain FDG PET for visualizing the relation between impaired lung function and cognitive decline in lung cancer: a preliminary study.

Objective: Impaired lung function is associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET is a well-known neurodegenerative biomarker for dementia. We investigated the association between lung and brain function using FDG PET in patients with lung cancer.

Association between dental amalgam restoration and urine mercury concentrations among young women: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The association between dental amalgam fillings and urine mercury concentrations was investigated in this study to assess the health risks associated with dental amalgams.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 99 women in their 20s who visited the dental clinic in Daegu, Korea. The 99 participants were composed of 68 subjects who had dental amalgam fillings (exposure group) and 31 subjects who did not have dental amalgam fillings (nonexposure group).

Performance of Simple Fibrosis Score in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with and without Type 2 Diabetes.

This cross-sectional study enrolled 267 patients with metabolic risk factors and established non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the prospective cohort. The performance of fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score (≥1.3) to diagnose advanced fibrosis using transient elastography (liver stiffness measurement [LSM] ≥8 kPa) was analyzed.

Breast Reconstruction after Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that occurs in patients with at least one prior textured breast implant. BIA-ALCL has a relatively good prognosis when treated promptly. However, data on the methods and timing of the reconstruction process are lacking.

Characteristics of Cognitive Function Changes and Related Factors in Individuals With Cognitive Impairment During the Pandemic of COVID-19: A Retrospective Chart Review Study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the characteristics and factors related to changes in cognitive function in vulnerable individuals with cognitive impairment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: Among patients who visited a local university hospital with subjective cognitive complaints, those who had been tested for cognitive function at least once after the onset of COVID-19 and tested regularly at least three times within the last 5 years were included (1st, the initial screening; 2nd, the test immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic; 3rd, the most recent test after the pandemic). Finally, 108 patients were included in this study.

Experience and perspectives of end-of-life care discussion and physician orders for life-sustaining treatment of Korea (POLST-K): a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to identify the healthcare providers' experience and perspectives toward end-of-life care decisions focusing on end-of-life discussion and physician's order of life-sustaining treatment documentation in Korea which are major parts of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Act.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire developed by the authors. A total of 474 subjects-94 attending physicians, 87 resident physicians, and 293 nurses-participated in the survey, and the data analysis was performed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation using the SPSS 24.

Trends of stratified prostate cancer risk in a single Korean province from 2003 to 2021: A multicenter study conducted using regional training hospital data.

Purpose: To identify changes in prostate cancer (PCa) risk-stratification during the last two decades in Korea, where the social perception of PCa was limited due to a relatively low incidence but has recently been triggered by the rapidly increasing incidence of benign prostate hyperplasia.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective data of patients who had received a diagnosis of PCa in a single Korean province (Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk) at all seven training hospitals in the years 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2021 were subjected to analysis. Changes in PCa risk-stratification were investigated with respect to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score (GS), and clinical stage.

Interleukin-6-producing paraganglioma as a rare cause of systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a case report.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) may secrete hormones or bioactive neuropeptides such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which can mask the clinical manifestations of catecholamine hypersecretion. We report the case of a patient with delayed diagnosis of paraganglioma due to the development of IL-6-mediated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A 58-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and flank pain accompanied by SIRS and acute cardiac, kidney, and liver injuries.

Surgical Outcomes of Laparoscopic versus Open Hepatectomy for Left Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Propensity Score Analyses Using Retrospective Japanese and Korean Individual Patient Data.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the prognostic impact of laparoscopic left hepatectomy (LLH) with that of open left hepatectomy (OLH) on patient survival after resection of left hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Among the 953 patients who received initial treatment for primary HCC that was resectable by either LLH or OLH from 2013 to 2017 in Japan and Korea, 146 patients underwent LLH and 807 underwent OLH. The inverse probability of treatment weighting approach based on propensity scoring was used to address the potential selection bias inherent in the recurrence and survival outcomes between the LLH and OLH groups.

Effect on music therapy on quality of recovery and postoperative pain after gynecological laparoscopy.

Background: Music therapy is safe, inexpensive, simple, and has relaxing properties for mental and physical capacities, as well as few side effects. Moreover, it improves patient satisfaction and reduces postoperative pain. Thus, we intended to evaluate the effect of music intervention on the quality of comprehensive recovery using quality of recovery 40 (QoR-40) survey in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Accreditation standards items of post-2nd cycle related to the decision of accreditation of medical schools by the Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the accreditation standards items related to the decision of accreditation of medical schools by the Korea Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation (KIMEE).

Methods: The subjects are medical schools in Korea that have received post-2nd cycle accreditation from the KIMEE between 2012 and 2016. Analyses were conducted for differences in accreditation decisions according to the characteristics of medical schools, sufficient ratios of basic standards items, and correlation between standards items related to accreditation decisions.

Operational Status of Isolation Rooms in Emergency Departments and Patient Concentration in Higher-Level Emergency Departments in Daegu Metropolitan City and Neighboring Provinces, South Korea, during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: In a pandemic situation such as the one of the COVID-19 pandemic, nosocomial transmissions attempted to be prevented by initially classifying them in triage. Therefore, emergency departments (EDs) installed isolation rooms at their entrance. Additionally, a system for pre-emptive quarantine at the triage stage was established nationwide for patients with COVID-19-related symptoms.

CHIP Haploinsufficiency Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis via Enhanced TXNIP Expression and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses.

TXNIP is a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis, fatty acid synthesis, and cholesterol accumulation in the liver, and it has been reported that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because CHIP, an E3 ligase, was known to be involved in regulating tissue injury and inflammation in liver, its role in regulating ER stress-induced NAFLD was investigated in two experimental NAFLD models, a tunicamycin (TM)-induced and other diet-induced NAFLD mice models. In the TM-induced NAFLD model, intraperitoneal injection of TM induced liver steatosis in both CHIP and CHIP mice, but it was severely exacerbated in CHIP mice compared to CHIP mice.

Long-Term Ultrasonographic and Histologic Changes in Acellular Dermal Matrix in Implant-Based Breast Reconstructions.

Background: Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) and is widely used in implant-based breast reconstructions. However, long-term changes in the ADM around implants have not been established. This study aimed to investigate long-term changes in the ADM covering breast implants using serial ultrasound and histologic evaluations.

Risk of Dementia in Newly Diagnosed Glaucoma: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the risk of dementia in participants with newly diagnosed glaucoma.

Design: A nationwide cohort study using authorized data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS).

Participants: A total of 788 961 participants aged ≥ 45 years in 2006, who did not have dementia or glaucoma between 2002 and 2005, were included.

Clean mucosal area detection of gastroenterologists versus artificial intelligence in small bowel capsule endoscopy.

Studies comparing the detection of clean mucosal areas in capsule endoscopy (CE) using human judgment versus artificial intelligence (AI) are rare. This study statistically analyzed gastroenterologist judgments and AI results. Three hundred CE video clips (100 patients) were prepared.