Coronary artery calcification on routine CT has prognostic and treatment implications for all ages.

Aims: Guidelines have recommended reporting coronary artery calcification (CAC) if present on chest CT imaging regardless of indication. This study assessed CAC prevalence, prognosis and the potential clinical impact of its reporting.

Methods: We performed a single-centre retrospective analysis (January-December 2015) of 1400 chest CTs (200 consecutive within each age group: <40, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, ≥90).

Injectable semaglutide and reductions in HbA1c and weight in the real world in people switched from alternative glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.

The ABCD semaglutide audit was designed to capture the routine clinical outcomes of people commenced on semaglutide in the UK. Previous work showed differential reductions in HbA1c and weight dependent on previous glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) exposure. The analysis, in this research letter, shows that decreases in HbA1c and weight associated with semaglutide occur irrespective of previous GLP-1RA use.

"Channel Lines": A Simple Surgical Technique to Aid in Achieving Patient-specific Ante-version During Implantation of Uncemented Acetabular Cups.

Accurate acetabular cup placement is a crucial step for a successful total hip replacement. Transverse acetabular ligament is an important and reliable landmark that helps in determining the version during the placement of acetabular cups. However, the visualization of transverse acetabular ligament may not be easy as the view may be blocked by the implants and the instruments.

Chewing gum vs. ibuprofen in the management of orthodontic pain, a multi-centre randomised controlled trial - the effect of anxiety.

Objectives: Pain is a common side effect of orthodontic treatment. An objective of this study, part of a large previously reported RCT on pain and analgesic use, was to determine the effect of anxiety on perceived pain and use of analgesia.

Methods: 1000 patients aged 11-17 years, undergoing upper and lower fixed appliance treatment in nine hospital departments were recruited into this two-arm parallel design randomised controlled trial.

Preoperative risk factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: a validated risk score derived from a prospective U.K. database of 8820 patients.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is commonly performed, and several factors increase the risk of open conversion, prolonging operating time and hospital stay. Preoperative stratification would improve consent, scheduling and identify appropriate training cases. The aim of this study was to develop a validated risk score for conversion for use in clinical practice.

Biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer and polyps: systematic review.

There is growing interest in early detection of colorectal cancer as current screening modalities lack compliance and specificity. This study systematically reviewed the literature to identify biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer and polyps. Literature searches were conducted for relevant papers since 2007.