Assessment of acceptance and associated factors of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among commercial female sex workers in drop-in centers selected sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Globally, female sex workers (FSWs) face high risk of HIV, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia and Addis Ababa, the impact is significant. Implementing WHO-recommended measures, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is crucial to reducing new HIV infections and addressing service access disparities among FSWs.

Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitals.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a critical emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. Outcomes depend on bleeding severity, patient risk factors, and comorbidities. This study evaluated clinical patterns and factors influencing disease severity and hospital stay among patients present with UGIB symptoms at two major Ethiopian hospitals.

Management of Inferior vena cava injury in a resource limited setup: A rare case report.

Introduction And Importance: Traumatic injuries of the inferior Vena Cava (IVC) are rare among traumatic abdominal injuries. It accounts for fewer than 5 % of penetrating injuries and 0.5 % of blunt trauma injuries.

Impact of WHO's Surgical Safety Checklist-Based Program on Cleft-lip and Palate Repair Outcomes in LMICs-The CLEAN CLEFT Program.

Background: "Clean Cleft" (CC) is an adaptation of the Lifebox Clean Cut program, designed to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) in cleft lip and palate repairs. It focuses on 6 key processes: hand and site decontamination, surgical linen integrity, instrument sterility, timely antibiotic use, gauze counting, and WHO Surgical Safety Checklist compliance. The study explores CC's effectiveness in reducing infections, other complications, and enhancing early recovery.

Obstetric violence and associated factors among women who gave birth at public hospitals in Addis Ababa city administration, Ethiopia.

Background: Obstetric violence during labor and delivery is one of the main reasons that women do not seek care from health caregivers in health facilities. Developing respectful maternity care services for women is the most important approach to ensure better newborn and maternal outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of obstetric violence and associated factors among women who gave birth at public hospitals in Addis Adaba city administration, Ethiopia.

Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary presenting with congestive heart failure in a middle-aged Ethiopian woman: a case report.

Background: Heart failure is a rare manifestation of metastatic disease of the carcinoma of an unknown primary, malignancy that requires extensive work-up to identify the primary site. Initial consideration of rare etiologies in patients presented with a common clinical syndrome is challenging.

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old Black woman presented with shortness of breath at rest, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, chest pain, a blood-tinged productive cough, and fever for 2 weeks.

A mobile health application use among diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mobile health technologies are increasingly acknowledged as a cost-effective and convenient means of delivering top-notch healthcare services to patients in low- and middle-income countries. This research explores the utilization of mobile health applications in managing, monitoring, and self-care for adult diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The objective is to gain insight into how diabetic patients currently utilize Mobile health applications for self-management and their inclination to use them in the future.

Supporting African communities to increase resilience and mental health of kids with developmental disabilities and their caregivers using the World Health Organization's Caregiver Skills Training Programme (SPARK trial): study protocol for a cluster randomised clinical controlled trial.

Background: Most children with developmental disabilities (DD) live in low- and middle-income countries, but access to services is limited, impacting their ability to thrive. Pilot study findings of the World Health Organization's Caregiver Skills Training (WHO CST) intervention, which equips caregivers with strategies to facilitate learning and adaptive behaviours in children with DD, are promising but evidence from an appropriately powered trial delivered by non-specialist facilitators is lacking. This study will investigate the effectiveness and the resource impacts and costs and consequences of the WHO CST intervention in four sites in rural and urban Kenya and Ethiopia.

Weekends admitted adult medical patients have higher in-hospital mortality in Ethiopia: An implication for quality improvement.

Background: Weekend effect' is a term used to describe the increased mortality associated with weekend emergency admissions to hospitals compared with admissions on weekdays. This effect was not investigated in Ethiopia among adult patients admitted to hospitals. We aimed to find out whether the weekend effect exists in the country's a teaching hospital.

Serum Lipid Profile and Electrolytes Reference Intervals for Apparently Healthy Children and Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Accurate reference intervals generated from an apparently healthy population and stratified by crucial variables such as age and gender are required to guarantee appropriate interpretation of test results. Since there were no local reference intervals in the study area, the present study aimed to establish reference intervals on serum lipid profiles and electrolytes for children and adolescents in Addis Ababa.

Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2019.

Virologic suppression rate and associated factors for third-line HIV treatment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: HIV/AIDS has left a profound impact, leading to significant mortality, morbidity, economic strain, and disability on a global scale. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has played a pivotal role in mitigating the economic burden of HIV and enhancing overall productivity. However, the emergence of virological failure presents a critical contemporary challenge within global health, reflecting the complexity of effectively managing HIV treatment outcomes in the 21st century.

Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of vascular complications of type 2 diabetes in a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective study.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have an increased risk of vascular complications. Despite the rise in the prevalence of T2D and its complications throughout the globe, there is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence and determinants of vascular complications of T2D in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of T2D among adult patients attending a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Prevalence of newly diagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in an opportunistic screening program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension is a recognized risk factor that underlies the epidemic of cardiovascular diseases. Guidelines, including those from the European Society of Hypertension, recommend opportunistic screening for hypertension in all adults. However, there have been no institution-based studies on the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors with an opportunistic screening program in Ethiopia.

Evaluation of hospital quality of care outcomes in a teaching hospital in Ethiopia: a retrospective database study.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate hospital mortality rates, readmission rates and length of hospital stay (LOS) among adult medical patients admitted to a teaching hospital in Ethiopia.

Design: We performed a retrospective study using routinely collected electronic data.

Setting: Data were collected from Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College between January 2021 and July 2023.

Prevalence and prognostic role of hypochloremia in patients with acute heart failure in Ethiopia: A single-center retrospective analysis.

Background: In patients with heart failure (HF), multiple electrolyte disorders are common, and recent studies have shown that chloride disorders play a significant role in the prognosis of HF. Data about the prevalence and prognostic role of hypochloremia in patients with acute HF (AHF) are scarce in African nations, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and prognostic role of hypochloremia in patients with AHF in Ethiopia.

Willingness toward voluntary counseling and testing and associated factors among tuberculosis infected patients at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Voluntary counseling and testing for HIV has proven to be a highly effective and cost-efficient approach in many locations, yielding excellent results. It serves as a gateway to a range of HIV-related services, including the provision of antiretroviral drugs. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the willingness toward VCT and associated factors among TB infected patients at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2023.

Thrombus in transit associated with fatal pulmonary thromboembolism in an elderly Ethiopian man following a surgical procedure: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Early detection, timely management, and exploration of alternative treatment options are crucial for patients with high-risk pulmonary thromboembolism, particularly those with thrombus in transit. Furthermore, prophylactic measures against thromboembolic events should be highly considered for patients with predisposing conditions for venous thromboembolism, including surgical procedures.

Abstract: A thrombus in transit refers to a thrombus that is temporarily lodged in the right-side chambers of the heart with a high risk of embolization to the pulmonary artery.

Experiences establishing a new speech-language pathology training program in Ethiopia, a resource-limited setting: Lessons learned.

Purpose: Ethiopia is the second most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa. While Ethiopia's health care system includes primary health centres, general, and specialised hospitals, allied health care like speech-language pathology was not available until 2003. This article was written with the aim of sharing the experience of establishing speech-language pathology as a profession and the first speech-language pathology training program in Ethiopia.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caregivers with children diagnosed with epilepsy attending a pediatric outpatient clinic: a descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Caregivers' knowledge and attitudes influence help-seeking behavior and treatment decisions of patients with epilepsy, which in turn significantly impacts epilepsy care. In Ethiopia, epilepsy is often misunderstood, associated with misconceptions and accompanied by persistent negative attitudes. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers of children with epilepsy.