Pictorial essay: Salivary gland imaging.

Salivary glands are the first organs of digestion secreting their digestive juices into the oral cavity. Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the major paired salivary glands in the decreasing order of their size. In addition, multiple small minor salivary glands are noted randomly distributed in the upper aerodigestive tract, including paranasal sinuses and parapharyngeal spaces.

Neurological deficit as the first manifestation of vesical transitional cell carcinoma.

Transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder (TCCUB) usually presents with hematuria. Cerebral and leptomeningeal metastases as a first manifestation of TCCUB have been occasionally reported in the medical literature. Hence, we report a case of an elderly man who presented with localizing neurological signs and whose magnetic resonance imaging brain showed multifocal cerebral and leptomeningeal lesions suspected to be metastatic deposits.

Esophagobronchial fistula - A rare complication of aluminum phosphide poisoning.

Aluminum phosphide is a systemic lethal poison. Fistulous communication between esophagus and airway tract (esophagorespiratory fistula) has rarely been reported in the survivors of aluminum phosphide poisoning. We report a case of benign esophagobronchial fistula secondary to aluminum phosphide poisoning, which to best of our knowledge has not been reported in the medical literature.

Cystic lymphangioma scroti: a common tumor at a rare location.

Cystic lymphangioma is a common benign tumor caused by lymphatic malformation. The scrotum is a very rare site for this tumor and only few cases have been reported in the literature. We herewith present a rare case of cystic lymphangioma of the scrotum in an ado-lescent who presented with an incidental scrotal swelling with no other abnormality, where the diagnosis was suspected on scrotal ultrasonography.

Liposarcoma scroti: A rare tumor.

Malignant extratesticular tumors (EXTT) are rare. Majority of EXTT are benign; lipoma being the commonest. Most of the malignant tumors are solid and have nonspecific features on ultrasonography (US).

Renal lymphangiectasia associated with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Renal lymphangiectasia is a rare disorder characterized by dilatation of peripelvic, renal and perirenal lymphatic ducts. The exact etiology is not known. Congenital forms and ac-quired forms have been described.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of an unusual vesical hemangioma presenting as hydroureteronephrosis.

Vesical hemangiomas are rare and benign tumors of mesenchymal origin. They usually present with multiple episodes of hematuria and the diagnosis is usually achieved patho-logically. We present a rare case of vesical hemangioma at vesicoureteric junction that presented with abdominal pain secondary to hydroureteronephrosis and the diagnosis was suspected on ultrasonography and confirmed later by pathology.

Pachydermoperiostosis or primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: A rare clinicoradiologic case.

Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) or primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a rare syndrome with diverse radiological and clinical features. Though the diagnosis can be made on the basis of the classic clinical and radiological features, it is often missed due to variable presentations. A case of PDP that presented with dental complaints and had almost all the clinical and radiological features described in literature is reported.

Case report: Retroperitoneal biliary fluid collections secondary to common bile duct rupture - an unusual complication of choledocholithiasis in a child.

Rupture of the common bile duct (CBD) in a child secondary to choledocholithiasis is a rare event. In this article, the authors describe a child who presented with an acute abdomen due to CBD rupture, with subsequent acute retroperitoneal fluid collections, all diagnosed preoperatively on CT scan. The aim of this article is to show the pathways that such collections can take in the retroperitoneum.

Acute gastric dilatation secondary to septicaemia in newborn: a rare entity.

Acute gastric dilatation in a newborn is a rarely encountered clinical entity. Such dilatation without any obstruction is furthermore rare. The authors hereby present a rare case of acute gastric dilatation that developed in a two-days old child who was born premature and was suffering from septicaemia and respiratory distress.

Gastric outlet obstruction due to neurofibromatosis: an unusual case.

Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition with an approximate incidence of one in 3000 births. NF-1 is known to involve multiple systems in the body. Abdominal involvement include neurofibroma and tumor growth in the liver, mesentery, and retroperitoneum in addition to gastric and bowel tumors.

Cholecystocolic fistula secondary to gallbladder carcinoma: a rare case.

Internal biliary fistulae are a well-recognized complication of biliary lithiasis. Among these, the cholecystoduodenal fistulae are the commonest while cholecystocolic fistulae (CCF) occur much less frequently. CCF secondary to gallbladder carcinoma is a rare occurrence and has been reported in very few studies.

Abdominal cocoon secondary to tuberculosis.

Abdominal cocoon or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction that has been described mostly in young adolescent girls. Thick fibrotic peritoneum encasing the small bowel in a small volume is a pathognomonic feature. This condition presents many difficulties in preoperative diagnosis.

Interstitial ectopic pregnancy: A rare and difficult clinicosonographic diagnosis.

Ectopic pregnancy in the interstitial part of the fallopian tube is a rare event. This condition presents a challenge for clinical as well as radiological diagnosis. Although routine two-dimensional ultrasound can be suggestive, three-dimensional ultrasound is highly accurate in diagnosis.

Gall bladder carcinoma presenting as multiple cavitary pulmonary metastases - a rare event.

Carcinoma of the gall bladder is the commonest malignancy of the biliary tract. It is either detected incidentally during routine imaging or presents as lump in right hypochondrium or with signs of jaundice. Rarely, it may present with multiple cavitary metastatic lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma.

Computed tomographic scan in the diagnosis of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia.

Renal lymphangiectasia is a rarely reported disorder of lymphatic malformation. Although benign, it may lead to hypertension and renal failure in undetected or undiagnosed cases. Adult polycystic kidney disease is a close mimic.

Giant solitary echinococcal cyst of the seminal vesicle: an uncommon cause of retention of urine.

Echinococcal cysts (EC) of the retroperitoneum are a rare occurrence. Such cysts involving the seminal vesicle and attaining massive size are very rare. These cysts may remain asymptomatic for long periods or may produce nonspecific symptoms.

Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the penis, scrotum, perineum, and rectum--a rare tumor.

Hemangiomas are benign lesions that occur in any part of the body. Genital hemangioma involving the entire penis and scrotum are extremely rare. More rarely they can extend in to the pelvis making preoperative imaging imperative and decisive in treatment.

Giant megaureters presenting as a multicystic abdominal mass.

Megaureter is a developmental anomaly of the ureter, which is associated with significant morbidity in children and frequently requires surgical intervention. I am presenting here a case of massively dilated ureters in a child that occupied almost the entire abdomen and was wrongly misinterpreted as a cystic lymphangioma due to its unusual presentation.

Intraluminal dural venous sinus cyst simulating as aerocele in computerized tomography brain.

Intradural venous sinuses are commonly visualized structures in the CT brain, even in noncontrast images. Rarely, hypoattenuating focal lesions may be observed within their lumen as a coincidental finding, which may remain undiagnosed. However, when such lesions appear in the patients who are scanned for head injury, they might pose diagnostic difficulties.

Intra-abdominal manifestations of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a common autosomal dominant condition with an approximate incidence of one per 3000 births. NF1 involves multiple systems of the body. Abdominal involvement occurs in the form of neurofibroma and tumour growth in the liver, mesentery, retroperitoneum, gastric and bowel.

Retroperitoneal cystic metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

Many malignant tumors produce retroperitoneal nodal metastases. However, cystic nodal retroperitoneal metastases are uncommon. Renal cell carcinoma is one of the very few carcinomas that can infrequently produce cystic nodal retroperitoneal metastases.