[Clinical, neuropsychological and epidemiological aspects of the 'transitional' form of Parkinson's disease in the Yaroslavl region].

Aim: To study clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological aspects of the 'transitional form' of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Yaroslavl region.

Material And Methods: The study included the main group of patients (n=11) with a 'transitional' form of PD, comparison groups (15 patients with essential tremor (ET), 15 patients with PD) and healthy individuals (n=15). Diagnostic criteria of MDS ET were used.

[Immediate results of conservative treatment of patients with unreconstructable critical limb ischaemia and trophic changes].

The purpose of the study was to comparatively assess efficacy of using agents belonging to the group of prostaglandin E1 in comprehensive conservative treatment of patients with unreconstructable critical limb ischaemia and trophic changes by the frequency of major amputation, amputation-free survival, and total mortality by combinations of the WIfI classification during a 6-month follow up period. Our retrospective multicentre study enrolled a total of 109 patients, including 60 men and 49 women, with a mean age of 70±7.3 years.

[Differentiated approach to treatment of decompensated lower limb ischaemia with the use of the WIFI classification system].

In the present article, the authors substantiate the necessity of subdividing a heterogeneous cohort of patients presenting with Fontaine-Pokrovsky grade IV critical limb ischaemia into subgroups with the aim of making an appropriate therapeutic decision and predicting the outcome. We also translated into the Russian language the WIfI classification system developed by the Society for Vascular Surgery (2014) in order to predict limb loss and feasibility of performing revascularization. This is followed by comments on the classification, accompanied by examples of own clinical case studies.

[Preventive abdominal wall repair in high-risk groups of postoperative ventral hernia].

Aim: To identify the most important predictors of postoperative hernia and to determine the indications for preventive surgical repair of abdominal wall.

Material And Methods: Prospective analysis included 398 medical records of patients who underwent median laparotomy. Experimental tensiometry was applied to determine strength of intact fascia.

[The application of the YamIk nasal catheter in the outpatient practice].

The objective of the present study was the enhancement of the effectiveness of the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses with the unilateral application of a medication mixture containing the vasoconstricting antiseptic agents, antibiotics, and other medications introduced into all paranasal sinuses by means of the procedure performed with the use of the Yamik nasal catheter.

[Cancer of the thyroglossal duct].

The authors present the clinical observation of the cancer of the tongue-lingual duct together with the concise overview of the relevant literature and the discussion of etiology and pathogenesis of this condition.

Sympathetic Innervation of Stomach in Postnatal Development.

Sympathetic innervation of the stomach was studied in rats by the method of retrograde axon transport of Fast Blue in postnatal ontogenesis. The number of labeled neurons increased in the first 10 days of life and then did not change until the senescence. All labeled neurons innervating the stomach contain the catecholamine synthesis enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase.

[Sonographic characteristics of non-traumatic focal hourglass-like nerve constriction].

Aim: To describe the sonographic phenomenon of the focal 'hourglass-like constriction' of the peripheral nerves (FCPN).

Material And Methods: The authors described 7 patients meeting the criteria for the diagnosis of neuralgic amyotrophy with unilateral FCPN identified with ultrasound in 4 cases and detected intraoperatively in 3 cases (preliminary ultrasound was not performed). The US scanner Sonoscape Pro mode gray scale in the transverse and longitudinal scanning, linear probe 8-15 MHz and Logiq9 scanner with elastography were used.

Changes in the Expression of Calbindin and Calretinin in Interneurons of the Spinal Dorsal Horns Under Conditions of Antiorthostatic Suspension in Mice.

In female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to antiorthostatic suspension of the hind limbs for 30 days, calbindin- and calretinin-containing interneurons of the dorsal horns of the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord were studied using immunohistochemical methods. In mice of the experimental group, cross-sectional area of calbindin- and calretinin-containing interneurons decreased in laminae I, II, and III and increased in laminae IV and V and in the region of the medial edge of the dorsal horn. After antiorthostatic suspension, expression of calretinin decreased in interneurons of laminae I and II and calbindin expression increased in the interneurons of laminae III, IV, and V.

Development of nNOS-positive preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the rat thoracic spinal cord.

To gain a better understanding of the neuroplasticity of sympathetic neurons during postnatal ontogenesis, the distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity was studied in sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) in the spinal cord (Th2 segment) of female Wistar rats at different ages (newborn, 10-, 20-, 30-day-old; 2-, 6-month-old; 3-year-old). In all age groups, the majority of nNOS-immunoreactive (IR) neurons was observed in the nucleus intermediolateralis thoracolumbalis pars principalis. In the first month, the proportion of nNOS-IR neurons decreased significantly from 92 ± 3.

[Provision of alemtuzumab safety is one of the main components of pharmacovigilance].

Modern multiple sclerosis therapy with disease-modifying drugs is characterized by the risks of dangerous infectious complications. In the last 5 years, there have been several reports of severe, sometimes lethal, listeriosis infection in patients treated with alemtuzumab. This article presents a clinical case of lethal listeriosis meningoencephalitis, which developed within 7 days after the completion of the first cycle of alemtuzumab therapy.

[Steps to personalized therapy of multiple sclerosis: predicting safety of treatment using mathematical modeling].

Aim: To construct a mathematical model capable of predicting the drug safety of a patient receiving multiple sclerosis disease modifying drugs (DMD), on a model of flu-like syndrome (FLS).

Material And Methods: The study included 457 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), aged from 18 to 68 years, mean 38.79 years, the mean duration of disease 122.

[Ten-year results of abdominal aortic and great vessels aneurysms management].

Aim: To present own 10-year experience of abdominal aortic and great vessels aneurysms management.

Material And Methods: There were 369 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) for the period 1995-2016 at the Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Hospital. 25% of patients suffered from abdominal aortic and great vessels aneurysms.

[Age-development changes of the sympathetic innervation of the rat stomach.].

Sympathetic innervation of the stomach is carried out by the prevertebral ganglia of the solar plexus. The localization and neurochemical composition of neurons innervating the stomach in postnatal ontogenesis in rats was studied using the method of retrograde axon transport of Fast Blue. In all animals, the celiac ganglia had more labeled neurons compared to the superior mesenteric ganglion.

[Results of a randomized double blind parallel study on the efficacy and safety of tolpersione in patients with acute nonspecific low back pain].

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolpersione injection and oral formulations combined with NSAID over NSAID monotherapy in acute non-specific low back pain.

Material And Methods: In this randomized double blind study 239 patients were included in the per protocol analysis. The first 5 days of treatment, patients received tolpersione or placebo injection which was followed by per os administration of tolpersione/placebo tablet up to 14 days.

Quality of life after hip, vertebral, and distal forearm fragility fractures measured using the EQ-5D-3L, EQ-VAS, and time-trade-off: results from the ICUROS.

Introduction: The International Costs and Utilities Related to Osteoporotic fractures Study is a multinational observational study set up to describe the costs and quality of life (QoL) consequences of fragility fracture. This paper aims to estimate and compare QoL after hip, vertebral, and distal forearm fracture using time-trade-off (TTO), the EuroQol (EQ) Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS), and the EQ-5D-3L valued using the hypothetical UK value set.

Methods: Data were collected at four time-points for five QoL point estimates: within 2 weeks after fracture (including pre-fracture recall), and at 4, 12, and 18 months after fracture.

[Quality of life in patients with lower extremity atherosclerosis during standard treatment and therapeutic angiogenesis].

Aim: To compare the impact of standard conservative treatment (SCT) and its combination with therapeutic angiogenesis for 3 to 5 years on quality of life in patients with Stage II (according to the classification developed by A.V. Pokrovsky-Fontaine) lower extremity atherosclerosis.

[An effect of disease-modifying drugs on the development of children born to mothers with multiple sclerosis].

Aim: To evaluate an effect of mother's treatment with disease-modifying drugs (DMD) on the mental and physical development of the child in the first year of life.

Material And Methods: Thirty pregnancies resulted in birth of live babies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied. The diagnosis of MS was made to the mother before conception of the child.

[Polymorphic variants of the immune response genes as risk factors for primary progressive multiple sclerosis].

Aim: To analyze the involvement of immune response genes in the pathogenesis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS).

Material And Methods: This multicenter study included 111 patients with PPMS from the Russian ethnic group. The association of PPMS with genes of immune system was analyzed by the study of polymorphic variants of genes of cytokines and genes of antigen-presenting cells.

[Clinical guidelines for the use of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, in which autoimmune inflammation and oxidative stress play essential pathogenetic roles. Activation and infiltration of immune cells in brain tissues, lipid peroxidation products, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective antioxidant protection, and many other pathological factors result in demyelination, axonal injury and death, and apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and neurons, all of which causes constant progression of the disease. The new oral agent for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), dimethyl fumarate (DMF), helps change the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, thus decreasing the rate of exacerbations, slowing down disease progression, and reducing the risk of radiological progression of the disease.

Morphology and Ploidy of Smooth Muscle Cells in Chorionic Arteries under Different Hemodynamic Conditions.

Smooth muscle cells from the arterial wall of placental chorion were studied at 39-40-week gestation. The content of mono- and binuclear tetraploid myocytes was higher in sites of arterial branching and turns (27.3% vs.

NPY Receptors Participate in the Regulation of Myocardial Contractility in Rats.

Selective agonist (Leu(31)Pro(34)NPY) and blocker (BIBP-3226) of NPY1 receptors were used to determine the type of NPY receptors involved in myocardial contraction. Experiments with isometric contraction of myocardial strips from mature rats showed that the agonist produced the most potent effect in a concentration of 10 M. In this concentration, Leu(31)Pro(34)NPY showed the greatest positive inotropic effect on the contraction of the atria and ventricles.

Changes in the Neurochemical Composition of Motor Neurons of the Spinal Cord in Mice under Conditions of Space Flight.

Expression of choline acetyltransferase, 200-kDa neurofilament protein, 28-kDa calbindin, neuronal NO synthase, caspase 3, and Ki-67 in the motor neurons of spinal cord segments T3-T5 in male C57Bl/6 mice after 30-day space flight in the Bion-M1 biosatellite was studied by immunohistochemical methods. Under conditions space flight, the size of motoneurons increased, the number of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase and neurofilaments, decreased, and the number of calbindin-positive neurons increased; motoneurons, expressing neuronal NO synthase and caspase 3 appeared, while Ki-67 was not detected. Fragmentation of neurons with the formation structures similar to apoptotic (residual) bodies was observed in individual caspase 3-positive motoneurons.

Development of Calbindin- and Calretinin-Immunopositive Neurons in the Enteric Ganglia of Rats.

Calbindin D28 K (CB) and calretinin (CR) are the members of the EF-hand family of calcium-binding proteins that are expressed in neurons and nerve fibers of the enteric nervous system. CB and CR are expressed differentially in neuronal subpopulations throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and their expression has been used to selectively target specific cell types and isolate neuronal networks. The present study presents an immunohistochemical analysis of CB and CR in the enteric ganglia of small intestine in rats of different ages (newborn, 10-day-old, 20-day-old, 30-day-old, 60-day-old, 1-year-old, and 2-year-old).

[Treatment for acute respiratory viral infection and influenza in daily clinical practice: Results of the multicenter international observational FLU-EE study].

Purpose: To study the clinical aspects of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) in routine clinical practice, with efficacy and safety of the antiviral therapy evaluation.

Subjects And Methods: In the large multicenter prospective observational study were enrolled 18,946 patients aged 18 to 93 years with previously determined diagnosis of influenza or ARVI from 262 outpatient sites in Russia, Armenia, Moldova and Georgia. According to study design, 3 visits were evaluated.