Osimertinib Efficacy and Safety in Treating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

This study compared the safety and efficacy of osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), with those of other TKIs and its use alongside bevacizumab in patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases were used to conduct extensive searches for relevant randomized controlled trials until January 30, 2024. Osimertinib monotherapy favored disease control rate, whereas the comparator treatment arm favored overall survival.

Prevalence and determinants of obesity and its association with upper gastrointestinal diseases in people aged 40-69 years in Yangzhong, southeast China.

Several international epidemiological studies have established a link between obesity and upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGC), but Chinese evidence is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity, especially central obesity, while investigating its association with upper gastrointestinal diseases in the high-risk population of Yangzhong, a typical high-risk area for UGC in southeastern China. We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 2017 to June 2021 involving 6736 residents aged 40-69.

Comparison of obesity indicators for predicting cardiovascular risk factors and multimorbidity among the Chinese population based on ROC analysis.

To date, the best obesity-related indicators (ORIs) for predicting hypertension, dyslipidaemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and multimorbidity are still controversial. This study assessed the ability of 17 ORIs [body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), c-index, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), abdominal volume index (AVI), triglyceride glucose index (TYG), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), waist triglyceride index (WTI) and cardiometabolic index (CMI)] to predict hypertension, dyslipidemia, T2DM, and multimorbidity in populations aged 40-69 years. From November 2017 to December 2022, 10,432 compliant residents participated in this study.

Machine learning-driven SERS analysis platform for rapid and accurate detection of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.

A novel approach is proposed leveraging surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning (ML) techniques, principal component analysis (PCA)-centroid displacement-based nearest neighbor (CDNN). This label-free approach can identify slight abnormalities between SERS spectra of gastric lesions at different stages, offering a promising avenue for detection and prevention of precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC). The agaric-shaped nanoarray substrate was prepared using gas-liquid interface self-assembly and reactive ion etching (RIE) technology to measure SERS spectra of serum from mice model with gastric lesions at different stages, and then a SERS spectral recognition model was trained and constructed using the PCA-CDNN algorithm.

Effect of administration routes of oxytocin on hemoglobin in neonates with delayed umbilical cord clamping: a multi-centre randomized controlled clinical trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravenous infusion versus intramyometrial injection of oxytocin on hemoglobin levels in neonates with delayed umbilical cord clamping during cesarean section.

Methods: The multi-centre randomized controlled trial was performed at three hospitals from February to June 2023. Women with term singleton gestations scheduled for cesarean delivery were allocated to receive an intravenous infusion of 10 units of oxytocin or a myometrial injection of 10 units of oxytocin during the surgery.

The prevalence and determinant of overweight and obesity among residents aged 40-69 years in high-risk regions for upper gastrointestinal cancer in southeast China.

Being overweight or obese is one of the public health concerns worldwide, and its prevalence is gradually increasing. Obesity has been proven to be associated with some cancers, including upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGC). However, studies on the prevalence of obesity among residents of areas at high risk of UGC in China are minimal.

Machine learning-based automated sponge cytology for screening of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction: a nationwide, multicohort, prospective study.

Background: Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction have a dismal prognosis, and early detection is key to reduce mortality. However, early detection depends on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which is not feasible to implement at a population level. We aimed to develop and validate a fully automated machine learning-based prediction tool integrating a minimally invasive sponge cytology test and epidemiological risk factors for screening of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction before endoscopy.

Microvascular Alterations of Peripapillary Choriocapillaris in Young Adult High Myopia Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

(1) : The microstructural alterations of the peripapillary choriocapillaris in high myopes remain elusive. Here, we used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to explore factors involved in these alterations. (2) : This cross-sectional control study included 205 young adults' eyes (95 with high myopia and 110 with mild to moderate myopia).

A capillary-driven LoC-SERS device integrated with catalytic hairpin assembly amplification technology for NSCLC-related biomarkers detection.

In this study, we apply catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) as the signal amplification strategy for the quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) with a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microfluidic chip (LoC-SERS) as the carrier. Herein, antibody-DNA conjugates are designed to assist the application of CHA amplification in protein detection. In the presence of protein biomarkers, antibody-DNA conjugates can specifically bind to the target proteins, forming the antigen@antibody-DNA conjugates.

Microbial Characteristics of Common Tongue Coatings in Patients with Precancerous Lesions of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract.

The tongue coating (TC) microbiota, a crucial component of the tongue coating, illustrates a huge microbial percentage of the body that mostly includes actinobacteria, bacteroides, firmicutes, and fusobacteria. The TC microbiota is closely related to the development of upper gastrointestinal malignancies, such as oral, gastric, and esophageal cancer. Nonetheless, the microbiological characteristics of common TCs in individuals with precancerous lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract are still unclear.

Influence of Oral Intaking Habit on Tongue Coating Microbiota in Patients with Esophageal Precancerous Lesions.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive tract tumor in China, and oral intaking habit has a great influence on the development of EC. The present study explored the correlation between oral intaking habit and tongue coating (TC) microbiota in patients with esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) to provide a reasonable interpretation of the influence of oral intaking habit on microbial alterations in the EPL. A case-control study was designed with 123 EPL patients and 176 volunteers with mild esophagitis, and they were well matched using sex, age, and body mass index.

Evaluation of cesarean delivery rates in different levels of hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China, using the 10-Group classification system.

Objective: To compare cesarean delivery (CD) rates in referral and non-referral hospitals in Maternal Safety Collaboration in Jiangsu province, China.

Methods: Sixteen participants (4 referral hospitals, 12 non-referral hospitals) from Drum Tower Hospital Collaboration for Maternal Safety reported CD rates in 2019 using ten-group classification system and maternal/neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Results: A total of 22,676 CDs were performed among 52,499 deliveries and the average CD rate was 43.

Tongue Coating Bacteria as a Potential Stable Biomarker for Gastric Cancer Independent of Lifestyle.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, and the noninvasive diagnostic methods for monitoring GC are still lacking. Growing evidence shows that human microbiota has potential value for identifying digestive diseases.

Aims: The present study aimed to explore the association of the tongue coating microbiota with the serum metabolic features and inflammatory cytokines in GC patients and seek a potential, noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing GC.

Fecal Microbiome Alteration May Be a Potential Marker for Gastric Cancer.

Although intestinal microbial dysbiosis was confirmed to be associated with many chronic diseases and health status through complicated interaction with the host, the effect on gastric cancer was less studied. In this study, we sequenced the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes of fecal bacteria and fungi, respectively, in 134 gastric cancer patients and 58 healthy controls matched by age and gender. Propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted for adjusting diet habits and lifestyle, and 44 patients and 44 healthy controls (matching population) were enrolled.

[Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in Yangzhong City, Jiangsu Province, from 2009 to 2015].

To evaluate the effectiveness and benefit of the upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in Yangzhong city, Jiangsu province, from 2009 to 2015. From 2009 to 2015, 31 natural villages with high-incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer were selected from Baqiao town, Youfang town and Xinglong sub-district in Yangzhong city. 13 776 residents aged 40 to 69 years old were recruited and screened for upper gastrointestinal cancer by using endoscopic examination and pathological diagnosis.

Combination of apatinib mesylate and second-line chemotherapy for treating gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of acitinib mesylate combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Methods: A total of 119 patients with gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were enrolled and randomized into an experimental group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 59). Both groups were treated with a combination of taxane, irinotecan and fluorouracil, while the experimental group also received acitinib mesylate.

Massive Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal and Gastric Cancers in a High-Risk Area of China.

Objective: This study aims to describe the findings from a massive endoscopic screening program in a high-risk area of China and to evaluate the prognosis of patients diagnosed through endoscopic screening compared with those diagnosed at usual hospital visits because of illness.

Methods: In 2006, an early detection and treatment program was initiated in Yangzhong county, China. Local residents aged 40-69 years were eligible for free endoscopic screening.

Efficacy and safety of capecitabine as maintenance therapy after capecitabine-based combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of single-agent capecitabine therapy after capecitabine-based combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ).

Patients And Methods: Seventy-two patients with pathologically proven advanced EGJ adenocarcinoma underwent 2-6 cycles of capecitabine-based first-line combination chemotherapy between January 2010 and October 2014. When initial disease control had been achieved, 60 patients were randomly assigned to receive the capecitabine treatment (oral capecitabine 1,250 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-14 every 3 weeks) to see whether it is involved in maintenance regimen or not, while 12 patients were excluded.

[Results on Ivor-Lewis esophagogastrectomy for 338 cases of carcinoma of esophagus].

Three hundred thirty eight patients with carcinoma in the middle and lower thirds of the esophagus received Ivor-Lewis esophagogastrectomy (separate laparotomy and right thoracotomy incisions) from February 1986 to June 1992. The total resectability was 95.2%.