Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Evaluation Study.

Background: OpenAI released versions ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 between 2022 and 2023. GPT-3.

Exploring the perspectives of early-stage postoperative glioblastoma patients and their caregivers on end-of-life care planning: An exploratory qualitative interview study.

Aim: Compare the convergent and divergent viewpoints of early-stage postoperative patients with glioblastoma and their caregivers on end-of-life care planning in Taiwan.

Background: Decision-making capacity in patients with glioblastoma may be compromised as disease progresses, making early future care planning essential to ensure that the provided care aligns with patients' goals. However, within many Asian cultures, the tendency to avoid discussions about death can lead patients to feel hesitant about addressing end-of-life care options.

Development of a Clinically Applicable Deep Learning System Based on Sparse Training Data to Accurately Detect Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage from Non-enhanced Head Computed Tomography.

Non-enhanced head computed tomography is widely used for patients presenting with head trauma or stroke, given acute intracranial hemorrhage significantly influences clinical decision-making. This study aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm, referred to as DeepCT, to detect acute intracranial hemorrhage on non-enhanced head computed tomography images and evaluate its clinical applicability. We retrospectively collected 1,815 computed tomography image sets from a single center for model training.

Assessing the capacity to implement the international health regulations to control COVID-19 at points of entry in Eswatini.

Introduction: Significant challenges to implementing international health regulations (IHR) at points of entry (PoEs) have been highlighted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Better assessment of the capacities of the PoEs may promote focused interventions. This study aimed to assess the capacities and practices at PoEs.

Optimizing skull base defect repair: leveraging the reused nasoseptal flap as a reliable material.

Purpose: The escalating number of endoscopic skull base procedures necessitates exploring additional materials to reduce postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in revision or staged surgeries. This study evaluates the effectiveness of reused nasoseptal flaps (NSFs) in such clinical scenarios.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients who previously underwent surgery involving NSFs and later had revision or secondary skull base surgeries via endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) at a tertiary medical center.

Local cortical structure pattern and genetic links in schizophrenia: An MRI and CRISPR/Cas9 study.

While the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) remains elusive, its diverse phenotypes suggest the involvement of distinct functional cortical areas, and the heritability of SZ implies the underlying genetic factors. This study aimed to integrate imaging and molecular analyses to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of SZ. We investigated the local cortical structural pattern changes in Brodmann areas (BAs) by calculating the cortical structural pattern index (SPI) using magnetic resonance imaging analysis from 194 individuals with SZ and 330 controls.

Exploring the significance of medical humanities in shaping internship performance: insights from curriculum categories.

Background: Medical Humanities (MH) curricula integrate humanities disciplines into medical education to nurture essential qualities in future physicians. However, the impact of MH on clinical competencies during formative training phases remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the influence of MH curricula on internship performance.

A Comprehensive Weightbearing Computed Tomography Study on Patients With Hallux Valgus: Exploring Multiplanar Deformity Interrelationships.

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex, multiplanar deformity. In this study, we examined the interrelationships between various components of this deformity using weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT). We hypothesized that the severity of traditional axial plane deformities would correlate with malpositioning of the metatarsosesamoid complex, first-ray coronal rotational deformity, and malalignment of the hindfoot and midfoot.

An Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Timing Jitter Factors in the Structural Design of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Single-Photon Avalanche Detectors.

Single-Photon Avalanche Photodiodes (SPADs) are increasingly utilized in high-temperature-operated, high-performance Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems as well as in ultra-low-temperature-operated quantum science applications due to their high photon sensitivity and timing resolution. Consequently, the jitter value of SPADs at different temperatures plays a crucial role in LiDAR systems and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) applications. However, limited studies have been conducted on this topic.

Environmental Exposure to Bisphenol A Enhances Invasiveness in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a prevalent environmental contaminant found in plastics and known for its endocrine-disrupting properties, posing risks to both human health and the environment. Despite its widespread presence, the impact of BPA on papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) progression, especially under realistic environmental conditions, is not well understood. This study examined the effects of BPA on PTC using a 3D thyroid papillary tumor spheroid model, which better mimicked the complex interactions within human tissues compared to traditional 2D models.

Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Therapeutic Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI). These nanosized vesicles possess unique properties such as low immunogenicity and the ability to cross biological barriers, making them ideal carriers for delivering bioactive molecules to injured tissues. MSC-EVs have been demonstrated to exert multiple beneficial effects in SCI, including reducing inflammation, promoting neuroprotection, and enhancing axonal regeneration.

Robotic-Assisted Colon Cancer Surgery: Faster Recovery and Less Pain Compared to Laparoscopy in a Retrospective Propensity-Matched Study.

: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with colon cancer accounting for approximately 60% of all CRC cases. Surgery remains the primary and most effective treatment. Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has emerged as a promising approach for colon cancer resection.

Correction: Yeh et al. Identification of () as a Prognostic Biomarker of Tumor Progression and Immune Evasion for Lung Cancer and Evaluation of Organosulfur Compounds from L. as Therapeutic Candidates. 2021, , 1582.

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The Genetic Expression Difference of A2058 Cells Treated by Plasma Direct Exposure and Plasma-Treated Medium and the Appropriate Treatment Strategy.

: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been demonstrated as an adjustable device to generate various combinations of short-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and as a promising appliance for cancer therapy. This study investigated the effects of direct and indirect treatments of Argon-based CAP to cancer cells (A2058, A549, U2OS and BCC) and fibroblasts (NIH3T3 and L929) on cell viability. We also aimed to understand whether plasma-generated RONS were involved in this process using genetic evidence.

Unveiling as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Prostate Cancer Recurrence: From Gene to Prognosis.

Prostate cancer is a major global health burden, with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy affecting 20-40% of patients and posing significant challenges to prognosis and treatment. Emerging evidence suggests a critical role for differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cell () domain-containing genes in oncogenesis; however, their implications in prostate cancer and BCR risk remain underexplored. This study systematically evaluated 151 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in domain-containing genes in 458 patients with prostate cancer and BCR, followed by validation in an independent cohort of 185 patients.

Multicomponent Dietary Supplementation: Impact on Tear Secretion and Ocular Surface Inflammation in Dry Eye Syndrome Patients.

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a prevalent ocular condition characterized by tear film instability, inflammation, and discomfort, affecting millions worldwide. DES is related to oxidative stress imbalance and ocular surface inflammation, which are important factors in the development of the condition. Recent studies have demonstrated that fish oil, lutein, and zeaxanthin possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of with Molecular Docking Study.

is a creeping evergreen shrub endemic to Taiwan. In traditional medicine, Rhamnaceae plants are used as herbal remedies for conditions such as itching, difficulty urinating, and constipation. This study explores the inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts and bioactive components of on α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and antioxidant activity.

An animal model of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome for translational research.

Background: Despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have focused on developing therapies for acute lung injury, managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a challenge in intensive care medicine. Whether the pathology of animal models with acute lung injury in prior studies differed from clinical symptoms of ARDS, resulting in questionable management for human ARDS. To evaluate precisely the therapeutic effect of transplanted stem cells or medications on acute lung injury, we developed an animal model of severe ARDS with lower lung function, capable of keeping the experimental animals survive with consistent reproducibility.

Importance and fitness of family medicine milestone project from America to Taiwan.

Background: The six core competencies of ACGME - patient care (PC), medical knowledge (MK), systems-based practice (SBP), practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI), professionalism (PROF), and interpersonal and communication skills (ICS) - represent domains in which physicians must ultimately demonstrate competence. Although the ACGME's six core competencies have been applied in Taiwan with the milestone project, the application of the six core competences in the Family Medicine milestones for residency training have not yet been established.

Methods: We recruited 61 family medicine physicians from 25 hospitals from four major geographic areas for a Delphi round one survey and 72 physicians from 27 hospitals for a Delphi round two survey.

Regulation of PD-L1 glycosylation and advances in cancer immunotherapy.

Protein glycosylation plays a versatile role in regulating homeostasis, such as cell migration, protein sorting, and the immune response. Drugs aimed at targeting glycosylation have strong implications for immunity enhancement, diagnosis, and cancer regression. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed in cancer or antigen-presenting cells, binds to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and suppresses T cells.

Copper-nitrite complexes release nitric oxide and selectively induce oral precancer and cancer cell apoptosis.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, short-lived gas molecule that influences various critical functions in living organisms. It involves multiple physiological processes, including cardiovascular function, metabolism, neurotransmission, immunity, and aberrant NO signaling leads to various disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers. In this study, we explored the potential application of copper-nitrite complexes in treating oral precancer and cancer.

Observation of Robust Compressed CuO Octahedra and Exotic Spin Structure in CaCuFeO.

CuO octahedra usually show elongated distortion, leading to active orbitals and planar exchange interactions, while compressed CuO octahedra with active orbitals and unidirectional exchange interactions are exceptionally rare. Here, we design and synthesize a new frustrated antiferromagnet CaCuFeO through a high-pressure and high-temperature approach, in which robust compressed CuO octahedra are realized, separating the FeO sheets that comprise zigzag spin ladders. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements exhibit a long-range antiferromagnetic order below the Néel temperature of 165 K, which is further confirmed by neutron diffraction.

Direct Frequency Comb Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Using Vernier Filtering.

We present direct frequency comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy with Vernier filtering as a straightforward approach to sensitive and multiplexed trace gas detection. The high finesse cavity acts both to extend the interaction length with the sample and as a spectral filter, alleviating the need for dispersive elements or an interferometer. In this demonstration, a free running interband cascade laser was used to generate a comb centered at 3.