Secondary prevention of stroke: Pleiotropic effects of optimal oral pharmacotherapy.

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. During the past three decades, major advances have occurred in secondary prevention, which have demonstrated the broader potential for the prevention of stroke. Risk factors for stroke include previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, high blood cholesterol and diabetes.

Potential of edaravone for neuroprotection in neurologic diseases that do not involve cerebral infarction.

Edaravone was originally developed as a potent free radical scavenger and has been widely used to treat cerebral infarction in Japan since 2001. Several free radical scavengers have been developed and some of them have progressed to clinical trials for the treatment of cerebral infarction. One such scavenger, edaravone, has been approved by the regulatory authority in Japan for the treatment of patients with cerebral infarction.

HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development.

Historically, clinical outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI) have been dismal. Severe SCI leads to devastating neurological deficits, and there is no treatment available that restores the injury-induced loss of function to a degree that an independent life can be guaranteed. To address all the issues associated with SCI, a multidisciplinary approach is required, as it is unlikely that a single approach, such as surgical intervention, pharmacotherapy or cellular transplantation, will suffice.

Beyond free radical scavenging: Beneficial effects of edaravone (Radicut) in various diseases (Review).

Free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases; thus, they are an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in these diseases. Compounds capable of scavenging free radicals have been developed for this purpose and some, developed for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke, have progressed to clinical trials. One such scavenger, edaravone, is used to treat patients within 24 h of stroke.

Beyond neurological disease: new targets for edaravone (Review).

Free radicals play major roles in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in many diseases and clinical conditions, and the removal of free radicals may offer a treatment option. Several modulators of free radical scavenger pathways have been developed and some have progressed to clinical trials. One such agent, edaravone, was approved in 2001 in Japan for the treatment of cerebral infarction.

Edaravone: a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute stroke.

Acute stroke, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute hemorrhagic stroke, (AHS) is a common medical problem with particular relevance to the demographic changes in industrialized societies. In recent years, treatments for AIS have emerged, including thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Although t-PA is the most effective currently available therapy, it is limited by a narrow therapeutic time window and side effects, and only 3% of all AIS patients receive thrombolysis.