Surgery versus Radiofrequency Ablation for Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial (SURF Trial).

Introduction: It remains unclear which surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the more effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to compare survival between patients undergoing surgery (surgery group) and patients undergoing RFA (RFA group).

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 49 institutions in Japan.

Comparison of transvaginal mesh surgery and robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is greatly affecting the quality of life (QOL) of women. There are some surgical techniques for POP repair, for example, transvaginal mesh surgery (TVM), laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC), and robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RSC). In the United States and Europe, the number of TVM has rapidly decreased since 2011 due to complications and safety concerns and has shifted to LSC/RSC.

Development and external validation of a deep learning-based computed tomography classification system for COVID-19.

Background: We aimed to develop and externally validate a novel machine learning model that can classify CT image findings as positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Methods: We used 2,928 images from a wide variety of case-control type data sources for the development and internal validation of the machine learning model. A total of 633 COVID-19 cases and 2,295 non-COVID-19 cases were included in the study.

A Stratified Analysis of the Risk Associated With Low Body Mass Index for Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Aims: The relationship between low body mass index (BMI) and prognostic factors for patients with coronary artery disease, commonly observed in elderly individuals in Japan, is important. Few studies have evaluated the prognosis for patients with low BMI after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Using a multivariable-adjusted model and data from a prospective cohort registry, we analyzed the risk associated with low BMI for patients after PCI.

Benefit of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and chemotherapy in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma developed peritoneal metastases.

The benefit of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for patients with malnutrition due to peritoneal metastasis depends on the type of cancer. During the period 1999-2020, we treated 460 patients with metastatic and stage 4 breast cancer, 23 of whom were invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Of the 23 patients with ILC, 13 (57%) developed peritoneal metastasis, and 11 died of progression of peritoneal metastasis.

The safety and efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization using biosimilar filgrastim in related donors.

In April 2014, the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation started a prospective observational study entitled "A short-term follow-up investigation of related hematopoietic stem cell donors receiving biosimilar G-CSF to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells." A total of 106 donors were registered from 25 transplant facilities through the end of March 2017. The study cohort consisted of 47 men and 58 women, and their median age was 38.

PIK3CA-AKT pathway predominantly acts in developing ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence long after breast-conserving surgery.

Purpose: Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conserving therapy is seen after a long interval, but the clinical classification of Residual Tumor Recurrence (RR) or Double Primary (DP) needs to be validated. We used genome profiling to identify the genetic alterations associated with IBTR.

Methods: Among 1881 breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy between 1999 and 2018, IBTR occurred in 52 patients (2.

A phase II feasibility study of carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease (YLOG0114).

Background: A standard treatment regimen for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been established since most clinical trials exclude such patients because of the high risk of acute exacerbation of ILD. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the efficacy and safety of carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel as a first-line regimen for NSCLC patients with ILD.

Methods: The enrolled patients had treatment-naïve advanced NSCLC with ILD.

Real-world experience of treatment with thrombopoietin receptor agonists in anti-thymocyte globulin-naïve patients with aplastic anemia: an observational retrospective analysis in a single institution.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) without anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) in ATG-naïve patients with aplastic anemia (AA) in a real-world setting.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated treatment outcomes in 45 consecutive ATG-naïve patients with AA who received TPO-RAs between 2017 and 2021 at our hospital.

Results: ATG ineligibility was due to advanced age (≥ 70 years),  = 22; not recommended under Japanese guidelines due to mild symptoms,  = 13; patient preference,  = 6; uncontrolled heart failure,  = 2; uncontrolled diabetes mellitus,  = 2; chronic renal failure,  = 2; invasive aspergillosis,  = 1.

Integrated model for COVID-19 diagnosis based on computed tomography artificial intelligence, and clinical features: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: We developed and validated a machine learning diagnostic model for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease, integrating artificial-intelligence-based computed tomography (CT) imaging and clinical features.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 11 Japanese tertiary care facilities that treated COVID-19 patients. Participants were tested using both real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chest CTs between January 1 and May 30, 2020.

A Propensity Score Matched Analysis of Statin Effects on Major Adverse Cardiac Events after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Over 75 Years Old.

Objective In an extremely aging society, it is beneficial to reconsider the value of medical treatment for extremely elderly patients. We therefore focused on the efficacy of statin therapy in extremely elderly patients. This study investigated the efficacy of statins for secondary prevention in patients over 75 years old.

Malignant Hypertension Complicated with Necrotizing Pancreatitis After Starting Treatment: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Malignant hypertension (MHT), one of the severest forms of hypertension, can have deleterious effects on various organs, such as renal failure, retinopathy, and encephalopathy. These types of organ damage are common complications of MHT, but in several previous cases, damage to other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract or pancreas, resulting from small vessel lesions, has also been reported, and these cases have had severe clinical outcomes and a poor prognosis. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old male patient with untreated hypertension of a 5-year duration presented with breathlessness and edema.

Postoperative hyperthermia-induced multiple organ failure in a child with Down syndrome: a case report.

Background: Psychological stress has been reported to cause hyperthermia. Persistent excessive hyperthermia can, in turn, cause hypercytokinemia and organ damage. We report a case of postoperative severe hyperthermia leading to a systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ failure in a child with Down syndrome.

Usefulness of Five-Parameter System Reconfirmed for Cytopathology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma regardless of Differentiation Degree.

Background: We previously introduced the Five-Parameter System (FPS), which exclusively evaluates keratinized cellular findings, for use in cytology examinations of oral well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) specimens, as they occasionally lack nuclear atypia and can be challenging for categorization by The Bethesda System (TBS). This study was conducted to determine whether FPS parameters are detectable even in oral SCC/CIS specimens with apparent nuclear atypia.

Summary: Oral cytology specimens were obtained together with biopsy tissue samples.

Late-onset spinal subdural hematoma following cerebrospinal fluid drainage tube removal.

Cerebrospinal fluid drainage is recommended for high-risk patients to prevent spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery; however, it is associated with complications. We report a case of a late-onset spinal subdural hematoma that developed after removal of the cerebrospinal fluid drainage tube from a patient who undergon thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Spinal hematoma usually develop 2 to 3 days after tube removal; however, in our patient's case, it developed after 7 days.

Characteristics and potential quality indicators for evaluating pre-travel consultations in Japan hospitals: the Japan Pretravel consultation registry (J-PRECOR).

Background: Awareness of pre-travel consultations (PTCs) and prevention methods for overseas travel-related diseases, and the understanding of PTCs among Japanese travelers and medical professionals remains low in Japan. A multicenter registry was established to examine PTCs in Japan. This study assessed the PTC implementation rate and examined the indicators of PTCs that can be used as criteria for evaluating quality.

Multiseptate gallbladder coexisting with pancreaticobiliary maljunction treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy: report of a pediatric case.

Background: A multiseptate gallbladder is a very rare congenital malformation in which the lumen is divided into variously sized multiseptal compartments. The pathogenesis and natural history of this disease remain uncertain. We herein describe a pediatric case of a multiseptate gallbladder with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), which was treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.