Breath-hold diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) using deep learning reconstruction: Comparison with navigator triggered DWI in patients with malignant liver tumors.

Introduction: This study investigated the feasibility of single breath-hold (BH) diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) using deep learning reconstruction (DLR) compared to navigator triggered (NT) DWI in patients with malignant liver tumors.

Methods: This study included 91 patients who underwent both BH-DWI and NT-DWI with 3T MR system. Abdominal MR images were subjectively analyzed to compare visualization of liver edges, presence of ghosting artifacts, conspicuity of malignant liver tumors, and overall image quality.

Development of a Water-Soluble Nanomicellar Formulation Loaded with Trans-Resveratrol Using Polyethylene Glycol Monostearate for the Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Trans-resveratrol (Res) has been reported to possess many biological activities, including neuroprotective effects, owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, Res has very low water solubility, which limits its therapeutic application. In this work, we formulated water-soluble micellar formulations incorporating Res using polyethylene glycol monostearate (stPEG).

Randomized Controlled Trial of Cilostazol Addition for In-Stent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Stenting.

Background: Restenosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS) is associated with the risk of developing ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of cilostazol addition on in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients treated with CAS.

Methods: In a randomized, open-label, blind-end point trial, patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and scheduled for CAS were randomly assigned to adding cilostazol (50 or 100 mg, twice per day) on other antiplatelets from 3 days before CAS or not adding cilostazol.

Postmortem temporal chest CT and its pathological correlation in piglets.

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a useful tool to investigate the cause of death. To appropriately use PMCT for cause-of-death analysis, it is necessary to know natural courses after death such as hypostasis in the lungs. We aimed to investigate the natural time-course change of postmortem chest CT findings and its pathological correlation in piglets.

Tasurgratinib in patients with cholangiocarcinoma or gastric cancer: Expansion part of the first-in-human phase I study.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a highly conserved family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases with multiple roles in the regulation of key cellular processes. Specific FGFR mutations have been observed in several types of cancers, including gastric carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Dose escalation data of 24 Japanese patients with solid tumors treated with Tasurgratinib (previously known as E7090), a potent, selective FGFR1-3 inhibitor, was reported in a phase I, first-in-human, single-center study.

Combination Assay of Methylated with Tumor Markers Shows High Sensitivity for Detection of Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: Patients with hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (viral HCC) are decreasing as hepatitis control improves, but those with non-viral-related HCC (non-viral HCC) are increasing in Japan. No established surveillance system exists for patients with non-viral HCC, so they are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. To address this, we performed this study.

Effect of extending the period from oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride to photodynamic diagnosis during transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer on diagnostic accuracy and safety: a single-arm multicenter phase III trial.

Background: In Japan, the authorized period (2-4 h) between oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may restrict photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) usage. Therefore, this prospective, single-arm, phase III study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of PDD at an extended administration period (4-8 h).

Methods: From January 2022 to May 2023, 161 patients with NMIBC were enrolled from eight hospitals.

Factors associated with non-intervention of antifibrotic agents in IPF patients.

Background: The efficacy of antifibrotic agents in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been demonstrated and early introduction is recommended, especially in patients with preserved performance status (PS). We aimed to determine the proportion of untreated IPF cases using real-world data and to assess the factors associated with non-intervention.

Methods: A prospective observational study using questionnaires was performed on 518 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and their attending physicians who visited a clinic, general hospital, or tertiary respiratory center between December 2019 and October 2020.

A Novel Index Including Age, Sex, hTERT, and Methylated RUNX3 Is Useful for Diagnosing Early Gastric Cancer.

Introduction: As the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is increasing in East Asia including Japan, a simple blood test for early GC is needed as an alternative to upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. We performed this study to address this issue.

Methods: We collected serum samples from 319 participants comprising 225 healthy subjects without GC (control group) and 94 patients with early GC (early GC group).

Association between immune checkpoint inhibitor and cytomegalovirus infection: A pharmacovigilance study based on the adverse event reporting system.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced adverse events due to excessive immune stimulation are problematic in immunotherapy. The activation of viral infection triggered by ICI-induced dysregulated immunity has been proposed; however, this association remains inconsistent. This study investigated the association between ICI administration and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, a pathogen linked to immune abnormalities and reactivation, using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

T-cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia with a STAT3 mutation successfully treated with Cord Blood Transplantation.

A 64-year-old woman presented with agranulocytosis, anemia, and bacteremia, leading to a diagnosis of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL). A molecular analysis identified a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) Y640F variant. Initial treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone did not improve her condition, but serious infections were observed.

The OROCHI (Observational Research of Clinical Course After mamusHI) Study: A Prospective, Observational, Multicenter Study on the Efficacy of Mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) Antivenom Serum.

Background: Evidence on the efficacy of mamushi antivenom serum is limited.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of mamushi () antivenom serum.

Methods: The Observational Research Of the Clinical course after mamusHI bite (OROCHI) study was a prospective multicenter study conducted at 24 hospitals in Japan.

A case of asymptomatic infection of Ascaris suum identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequence analysis.

Human ascariasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis and remains a neglected tropical disease. Ascaris suum has the potential to cause cross-infections between humans and pigs. In this study, we present a rare case of a patient with asymptomatic infection by Ascaris suum.