The Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix May Not Increase 30-Day Complications in Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: A Multi-institutional Analysis of 10,177 Cases.

Background: Direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction offers immediate aesthetic and psychological benefits, but the role of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) remains debated. Using a multi-institutional database, this study evaluates and compares outcomes between ADM-assisted and non-ADM DTI procedures.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2008 to 2022 was queried to identify female patients who underwent DTI breast reconstruction for oncological purposes.

Assessing Kinesiophobia and Catastrophizing Patient-Reported Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Efficacy of Capacitive-Resistive Monopolar Radiofrequency Combined with Myofascial Techniques vs. Sham Radiofrequency in Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome-A Secondary Analysis.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome causes psychological distress, worsened by kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing. This study assesses whether combining capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency with myofascial techniques is more effective than myofascial techniques alone for improving psychological outcomes such as kinesiophobia and catastrophizing.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial enrolled 81 chronic pelvic pain syndrome patients (67.

tRNA m1A modification regulates cholesterol biosynthesis to promote antitumor immunity of CD8+ T cells.

Activation of CD8+ T cells necessitates rapid metabolic reprogramming to fulfill the substantial biosynthetic demands of effector functions. However, the posttranscriptional mechanisms underpinning this process remain obscure. The transfer RNA (tRNA) N1-methyladenine (m1A) modification, essential for tRNA stability and protein translation, has an undefined physiological function in CD8+ T cells, particularly in antitumor responses.

Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of ST Segment Elevation in Lead aVR Among Patients with Cardiac Arrest.

Background: In acute coronary syndrome, ST-segment elevation in lead aVR (STE-aVR) indicates global myocardial ischemia, often related to multivessel or severe left main disease, and correlates with increased mortality. The prevalence and prognostic significance of STE-aVR in cardiac arrest (CA) patients is unknown.

Methods: We identified patients (≥18 years) with CA between 2011 to 2022 who achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccination.

Objectives: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has off-target effects on disease risk for unrelated infections and immune responses to vaccines. This study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory effects of BCG vaccination on immune responses to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: Blood samples, from a subset of 275 SARS-CoV-2-naïve healthcare workers randomised to BCG vaccination (BCG group) or no BCG vaccination (Control group) in the BRACE trial, were collected before and 28 days after the primary course (two doses) of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccination.

Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science.

This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers.

Characteristics of injury deaths among homeless and non-homeless US veterans (2017-2021).

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess whether experiencing homelessness may be associated with future risk of injury death and characterise these injury deaths by homelessness status among veterans who received healthcare through the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 6 128 921 veterans (399 125 homeless and 5 729 796 non-homeless) who received VA healthcare between 2017 and 2020 and were followed until 2021 using linked data from VA's Corporate Data Warehouse, Homeless Operations Management System and the VA/Department of Defense Joint Mortality Data Repository. Injury death rates were estimated by homelessness status with 95% CIs using the exact Poisson method.

A Comparison of Endoscopic and Surgical Gastrojejunostomy in Patients with Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A National Cohort Analysis (2016-2020).

Background And Aims: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) is an unfortunate complication of advanced upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Historically, surgical gastrojejunostomy has been the procedure of choice to achieve enteral bypass. Recently, endoscopic techniques have gained popularity in the management of MGOO.

Transient Ischemic Attack in Women: Real-World Hospitalization Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk of Hemorrhage and Stroke.

Background: Sex-specific differences in stroke risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes are well documented. However, little is known about real-world differences in transient ischemic attack (TIA) hospitalizations and outcomes between men and women.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of the 2016 to 2021 Nationwide Readmissions Database in the United States.

The WHO Disease Outbreak News during the Covid-19 pandemic.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) was an important public source of information - not only about the pandemic, but also thousands of other potential health emergencies. Here, we examine the 242 reports published in the WHO Disease Outbreak News (DON) during the first four years of the Covid-19 pandemic (2020 to 2023), and document the diseases and regions that were reported. We find that multinational epidemics of diseases like Ebola virus and MERS-CoV continue to dominate the DON.

Apixaban to Prevent Covert Infarcts After Cryptogenic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Cardiopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the ARCADIA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In the Atrial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs in Prevention After Cryptogenic Stroke (ARCADIA) randomized clinical trial, anticoagulation did not prevent recurrent stroke among patients with a recent cryptogenic stroke and atrial cardiopathy. It is unknown whether anticoagulation prevents covert infarcts in this population.

Objective: To test the use of apixaban vs aspirin for prevention of nonlacunar covert infarcts after cryptogenic stroke in patients with atrial cardiopathy.

Engaging Patients with Headache in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA): ACTIvated Veterans Engagement Group (ACTIVE) to Improve Delivery of Patient-Centered Headache Services.

In 2018, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) established the original 19 Headache Centers of Excellence (HCoE) program, and an evaluation center. This study utilized a Veteran engagement group method to elicit input from Veteran patients living with chronic headache on daily needs, social determinants of health, and preferences and suggestions for headache programs, services, and research priorities. Four engagement groups were conducted between July 13 and August 22 of 2022 with Veterans who experience headache and received care at a VHA HCoE.

Clinical, immunophenotypic, and genomic findings of acute myeloid leukemia with RAM immunophenotype: Comparison with other CD56-positive acute leukemias.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RAM immunophenotype is a newly recognized high-risk AML immunophenotypic subcategory characterized by blasts with bright expression of CD56 and weak to absent expression of CD45, HLA-DR, and CD38, as first described by the Children's Oncology Group (COG). The relationship between AML-RAM and other CD56-positive acute leukemias is unclear. The goal of this study is to characterize the clinicopathological characteristics of AML with RAM phenotype and compare them with other CD56 co-expressing acute leukemias.

A mind-body resilience intervention for emotional distress in cardiac arrest survivors and their informal caregivers - Recovering together after cardiac arrest: Protocol for an open pilot trial.

Background: Chronic emotional distress among cardiac arrest (CA) survivors and their caregivers is prevalent and worsens quality of life and recovery. Interventions to prevent chronic distress post-CA are needed. We developed (RT-CA), an intervention to increase resiliency in CA survivor-caregiver dyads (pairs).

Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Factor Structure and Construct Validity of Subfactors.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) is a semi-structured interview designed to assess the severity of current BDD. The aim of the study was to examine the factor structure and construct validity of the BDD-YBOCS. The sample included 366 adults with BDD who completed the BDD-YBOCS and other measures of BDD severity/impairment, psychiatric distress (i.

Binge eating behaviours are associated with recurrent weight gain after metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Recurrent weight gain (RWG) is a major post-operative challenge among metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) patients. Binge eating behaviours (BEB) and food addiction (FA) have been identified as significant predictors of post-MBS RWG. However, limited research has investigated their independent associations with post-MBS RWG.

The association of travel distance and other patient characteristics with breast cancer stage at diagnosis and treatment completion at a rural Rwandan cancer facility.

Background: Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE) was founded to serve Rwanda's rural low-income population, providing subsidized cancer diagnosis and treatment with transport stipends for the lowest-income patients. We examined whether travel distance to BCCOE was associated with advanced-stage diagnoses and treatment completion.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical record data from BCCOE patients with pathologically-confirmed breast cancer from 2012-2016.

Practice Advisory for Postoperative Pain Management of Thoracic Surgical Patients: Executive Summary: A Report by Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists.

Patients after thoracic surgery experience significant pain that can disrupt normal respiratory mechanics, increase the risk of respiratory complications, and impair recovery. Poorly controlled postoperative pain can develop into persistent postoperative pain. In addition, using opioids for pain control in the thoracic surgical population makes them more susceptible to opioid-related side effects due to their pre-existing comorbidities.