Reducing self-stigma among survivors of childhood maltreatment: Randomized controlled trial of a brief video intervention.

Objective: Survivors of childhood maltreatment (CM) often experience self-stigma, the internalization of negative attitudes such as shame, self-blame, and a reluctance to disclose their experiences. These self-perceptions pose a significant barrier to treatment-seeking and may exacerbate psychiatric distress. Prior research indicates that social contact-based interventions are effective in reducing stigma, but no study to date has examined their impact on self-stigma and increasing openness to treatment-seeking among CM survivors.

Validation of an observational tool for assessing mother-child and father-child interactions in Mara, Tanzania.

A strong body of evidence has underscored the cross-cultural importance of nurturing parent-child relationships for promoting early child development outcomes. However, most research on parenting has predominantly relied on self-reported measures collected from mothers. Observational tools for assessing parent-child interactions from not only mothers but also fathers remains limited, especially in Majority World contexts.

Associations among rearing environment and the infant gut microbiome with early-life neurodevelopment and cognitive development in a nonhuman primate model ().

Early gut microbiome development may impact brain and behavioral development. Using a nonhuman primate model (), we investigated the association between social environments and the gut microbiome on infant neurodevelopment and cognitive function. Infant rhesus monkeys ( = 33) were either mother-peer-reared (MPR) or nursery-reared (NR).

Probing Sensorimotor Memory through the Human Speech-Audiomotor System.

Our knowledge of human sensorimotor learning and memory is predominantly based on the visuo-spatial workspace and limb movements. Humans also have a remarkable ability to produce and perceive speech sounds. We asked if the human speech-auditory system could serve as a model to characterize retention of sensorimotor memory in a workspace which is functionally independent of the visuo-spatial one.

High p16 expression in glioblastoma is associated with senescence phenotype and better prognosis.

Glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype (GBM), is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, with limited therapeutic intervention. Previous studies have identified a few prognostic markers for GBM, including the methylation status of O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, TERT promoter mutation, EGFR amplification, and CDKN2A/2B deletion. However, the classification of GBM remains incomplete, necessitating a comprehensive analysis.

Who are the Parents? Risk and Resiliency Among Parents of Youth Receiving Intensive Home-Based Psychiatric Treatment.

Despite their explicit focus on family functioning and mounting evidence of the intergenerational mechanisms of childhood experiences (Zhang et al., 2022), very little is known about the parents of the high-risk youth receiving Intensive Home-Based Treatment (IHBT). Knowledge about parents' childhood experiences of risk and resilience, which are known to impact parenting behaviors, may provide insight into the complex clinical presentations frequently seen in this population and help guide the implementation of maximally effective interventions.

Multimodal interpersonal synchrony: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the interplay among neural, physiological, and behavioral interpersonal synchrony. We included studies written in English, comprising human dyads, and reporting data that could be translated to correlation estimates between at least two modalities of synchrony, sourced from PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The initial meta-analysis, examining associations between neural and behavioral synchrony, assessed 37 samples with 1342 participants, revealed a significant medium effect size (r = 0.

No Effect of Infant Nursery Rearing on Laboratory Rhesus Monkey Dams' Social Behavior or Long-Term Cortisol Profiles.

While the behavioral and physiological impacts of nursery rearing in laboratory-housed infant monkeys have been well characterized, to date no studies have examined the impact on nonhuman primate dams of their infants being removed for rearing in the nursery. Despite the lack of evidence on the topic, anti-animal research groups often cite mother-infant separation and infant nursery rearing (NR) as a welfare concern for laboratory monkey mothers. As such, important policy decisions regarding research activities may result without adequate evidence.

Effect of a youth-led early childhood care and education programme on children's development and learning in rural Sindh, Pakistan (LEAPS): a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised implementation trial.

Background: In low-income and middle-income countries, an estimated 181·9 million (74·6%) preschool-aged children do not receive adequate nurturing care in health, nutrition, protection, learning, and responsive care, thus jeopardising their healthy development across the life course. Working alongside the health sector, multisectoral actions including social protection and education are necessary to achieve child health and development outcomes. Innovations are needed to expand access to high-quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) for young children and opportunities for youth development.

Eye Movement Patterns in Russian-Speaking Adolescents with Differing Reading Comprehension Proficiency: Exploratory Scanpath Analysis.

Previous research has indicated that individuals with varying levels of reading comprehension (often used as a proxy for general cognitive ability) employ distinct reading eye movement patterns. This exploratory eye-tracking study aimed to investigate the text-reading process in adolescents with differing reading comprehension, specifically examining how these differences manifest at the global eye movement level through scanpath analysis. Our findings revealed two distinct groups of scanpaths characterized by statistically significant differences in eye movement parameters.

IOC consensus statement: interpersonal violence and safeguarding in sport.

Objective: Interpersonal violence (IV) in sport is challenging to define, prevent and remedy due to its subjectivity and complexity. The 2024 International Olympic Committee Consensus on Interpersonal Violence and Safeguarding aimed to synthesise evidence on IV and safeguarding in sport, introduce a new conceptual model of IV in sport and offer more accessible safeguarding guidance to all within the sports ecosystem by merging evidence with insights from Olympic athletes.

Methods: A 15-member expert panel performed a scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodologies.

Caregiver Psychopathology, Resilience, and Their Associations with Social-Emotional Challenges of Young Children Affected by Armed Conflict in Colombia.

We examined the social and emotional challenges (SEC) of young children and the mental health of their caregivers in areas affected by armed conflict and displacement in Colombia. Anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms were assessed in 1,133 caregivers. Caregivers also reported on the SEC of their children aged 21-53 months.

Social Anxiety Reduces Visual Attention to the Eyes of Emotional Faces in Autistic Youth.

Autism and social anxiety (SA) share behavioral features like reduced eye contact, variable social attention, and differences in social interactions. However, the impact of the co-occurrence of these conditions (e.g.

Editorial: The Critical Examination of Autism Screening Tools: A Call for Addressing False Negatives.

The study by Vivanti et al. represents a significant contribution to research on autism screening. This cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) sought to determine whether the implementation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) during routine well-child check-ups could improve the early identification and referral rates for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Early- and Late-Stage Auditory Processing of Speech Versus Non-Speech Sounds in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: An ERP and Oscillatory Activity Study.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit greater sensitivity to non-speech sounds, reduced sensitivity to speech, and increased variability in cortical activity during auditory speech processing. We assessed differences in cortical responses and variability in early and later processing stages of auditory speech versus non-speech sounds in typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD. Twenty-eight 4- to 9-year-old children (14 ASDs) listened to speech and non-speech sounds during an electroencephalography session.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of atypical visual attention towards non-social stimuli in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder.

Research on attention towards non-social stimuli in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased over the past decade; however, findings have been inconsistent. It has been suggested that stimuli relating to common circumscribed interests (CIs) elicit more attention than non-CI related stimuli. This meta-analysis synthesizes results from 31 studies that compared attention towards non-social stimuli in children with ASD under the age of five with typically developing (TD) controls using eye-tracking.

Supporting emotion regulation in children on the autism spectrum: co-developing a digital mental health application for school-based settings with community partners.

Objective: KeepCalm is a digital mental health application, co-designed with community partners, that incorporates wearable biosensing with support for teams to address challenging behaviors and emotion dysregulation in children on the autism spectrum.

Methods: We followed a user-centered design framework. Before app development, we conducted design workshops, needs assessment interviews, a systematic review, and created an Expert Advisory Board.

Maternal psychological distress and temperament traits in children from infancy to late childhood.

Background: Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with infant temperament. Whether associations persist into late childhood, whether maternal distress is associated with temperament change from infancy to late childhood, whether associations are independent of maternal concurrent distress, and whether maternal distress has sensitive exposure periods on child temperament remain unclear.

Methods: Our study includes mother-child dyads from Finnish, prospective Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction study.

Emotion-specific recognition biases and how they relate to emotion-specific recognition accuracy, family and child demographic factors, and social behaviour.

The errors young children make when recognising others' emotions may be systematic over-identification biases and may partially explain the challenges some have socially. These biases and associations may be differential by emotion. In a sample of 871 ethnically and racially diverse preschool-aged children (i.

Community Member Views on Autism Intervention: Effects of Closeness to Autistic People with Intellectual Disabilities And Nonspeaking Autistic People.

Background: Controversy regarding the neurodiversity movement (NDM), the social and medical models of disability, autism intervention goals, and causal attributions of disability contributes to divides in the autistic and autism communities. The present study investigates the views of autistic and non-autistic autistic and autism community members on these topics. We explored whether these views are shaped by having close relationships to autistic people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and nonspeaking autistic (NSA) people.

Childhood language development and alexithymia in adolescence: an 8-year longitudinal study.

Alexithymia (difficulties identifying and describing feelings) predicts increased risks for psychopathology, especially during the transition from childhood to adolescence. However, little is known of the early contributors to alexithymia. The language hypothesis of alexithymia suggests that language deficits play a primary role in predisposing language-impaired groups to developing alexithymia; yet longitudinal data tracking prospective relationship between language function and alexithymia are scarce.