Who are the Parents? Risk and Resiliency Among Parents of Youth Receiving Intensive Home-Based Psychiatric Treatment.

Despite their explicit focus on family functioning and mounting evidence of the intergenerational mechanisms of childhood experiences (Zhang et al., 2022), very little is known about the parents of the high-risk youth receiving Intensive Home-Based Treatment (IHBT). Knowledge about parents' childhood experiences of risk and resilience, which are known to impact parenting behaviors, may provide insight into the complex clinical presentations frequently seen in this population and help guide the implementation of maximally effective interventions.

Multimodal interpersonal synchrony: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the interplay among neural, physiological, and behavioral interpersonal synchrony. We included studies written in English, comprising human dyads, and reporting data that could be translated to correlation estimates between at least two modalities of synchrony, sourced from PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The initial meta-analysis, examining associations between neural and behavioral synchrony, assessed 37 samples with 1342 participants, revealed a significant medium effect size (r = 0.

No Effect of Infant Nursery Rearing on Laboratory Rhesus Monkey Dams' Social Behavior or Long-Term Cortisol Profiles.

While the behavioral and physiological impacts of nursery rearing in laboratory-housed infant monkeys have been well characterized, to date no studies have examined the impact on nonhuman primate dams of their infants being removed for rearing in the nursery. Despite the lack of evidence on the topic, anti-animal research groups often cite mother-infant separation and infant nursery rearing (NR) as a welfare concern for laboratory monkey mothers. As such, important policy decisions regarding research activities may result without adequate evidence.

Effect of a youth-led early childhood care and education programme on children's development and learning in rural Sindh, Pakistan (LEAPS): a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised implementation trial.

Background: In low-income and middle-income countries, an estimated 181·9 million (74·6%) preschool-aged children do not receive adequate nurturing care in health, nutrition, protection, learning, and responsive care, thus jeopardising their healthy development across the life course. Working alongside the health sector, multisectoral actions including social protection and education are necessary to achieve child health and development outcomes. Innovations are needed to expand access to high-quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) for young children and opportunities for youth development.

Eye Movement Patterns in Russian-Speaking Adolescents with Differing Reading Comprehension Proficiency: Exploratory Scanpath Analysis.

Previous research has indicated that individuals with varying levels of reading comprehension (often used as a proxy for general cognitive ability) employ distinct reading eye movement patterns. This exploratory eye-tracking study aimed to investigate the text-reading process in adolescents with differing reading comprehension, specifically examining how these differences manifest at the global eye movement level through scanpath analysis. Our findings revealed two distinct groups of scanpaths characterized by statistically significant differences in eye movement parameters.

IOC consensus statement: interpersonal violence and safeguarding in sport.

Objective: Interpersonal violence (IV) in sport is challenging to define, prevent and remedy due to its subjectivity and complexity. The 2024 International Olympic Committee Consensus on Interpersonal Violence and Safeguarding aimed to synthesise evidence on IV and safeguarding in sport, introduce a new conceptual model of IV in sport and offer more accessible safeguarding guidance to all within the sports ecosystem by merging evidence with insights from Olympic athletes.

Methods: A 15-member expert panel performed a scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodologies.

Caregiver Psychopathology, Resilience, and Their Associations with Social-Emotional Challenges of Young Children Affected by Armed Conflict in Colombia.

We examined the social and emotional challenges (SEC) of young children and the mental health of their caregivers in areas affected by armed conflict and displacement in Colombia. Anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms were assessed in 1,133 caregivers. Caregivers also reported on the SEC of their children aged 21-53 months.

Social Anxiety Reduces Visual Attention to the Eyes of Emotional Faces in Autistic Youth.

Autism and social anxiety (SA) share behavioral features like reduced eye contact, variable social attention, and differences in social interactions. However, the impact of the co-occurrence of these conditions (e.g.

Editorial: The Critical Examination of Autism Screening Tools: A Call for Addressing False Negatives.

The study by Vivanti et al. represents a significant contribution to research on autism screening. This cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) sought to determine whether the implementation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) during routine well-child check-ups could improve the early identification and referral rates for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Early- and Late-Stage Auditory Processing of Speech Versus Non-Speech Sounds in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: An ERP and Oscillatory Activity Study.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit greater sensitivity to non-speech sounds, reduced sensitivity to speech, and increased variability in cortical activity during auditory speech processing. We assessed differences in cortical responses and variability in early and later processing stages of auditory speech versus non-speech sounds in typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD. Twenty-eight 4- to 9-year-old children (14 ASDs) listened to speech and non-speech sounds during an electroencephalography session.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of atypical visual attention towards non-social stimuli in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder.

Research on attention towards non-social stimuli in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased over the past decade; however, findings have been inconsistent. It has been suggested that stimuli relating to common circumscribed interests (CIs) elicit more attention than non-CI related stimuli. This meta-analysis synthesizes results from 31 studies that compared attention towards non-social stimuli in children with ASD under the age of five with typically developing (TD) controls using eye-tracking.

Supporting emotion regulation in children on the autism spectrum: co-developing a digital mental health application for school-based settings with community partners.

Objective: KeepCalm is a digital mental health application, co-designed with community partners, that incorporates wearable biosensing with support for teams to address challenging behaviors and emotion dysregulation in children on the autism spectrum.

Methods: We followed a user-centered design framework. Before app development, we conducted design workshops, needs assessment interviews, a systematic review, and created an Expert Advisory Board.

Maternal psychological distress and temperament traits in children from infancy to late childhood.

Background: Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with infant temperament. Whether associations persist into late childhood, whether maternal distress is associated with temperament change from infancy to late childhood, whether associations are independent of maternal concurrent distress, and whether maternal distress has sensitive exposure periods on child temperament remain unclear.

Methods: Our study includes mother-child dyads from Finnish, prospective Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction study.

Emotion-specific recognition biases and how they relate to emotion-specific recognition accuracy, family and child demographic factors, and social behaviour.

The errors young children make when recognising others' emotions may be systematic over-identification biases and may partially explain the challenges some have socially. These biases and associations may be differential by emotion. In a sample of 871 ethnically and racially diverse preschool-aged children (i.

Community Member Views on Autism Intervention: Effects of Closeness to Autistic People with Intellectual Disabilities And Nonspeaking Autistic People.

Background: Controversy regarding the neurodiversity movement (NDM), the social and medical models of disability, autism intervention goals, and causal attributions of disability contributes to divides in the autistic and autism communities. The present study investigates the views of autistic and non-autistic autistic and autism community members on these topics. We explored whether these views are shaped by having close relationships to autistic people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and nonspeaking autistic (NSA) people.

Childhood language development and alexithymia in adolescence: an 8-year longitudinal study.

Alexithymia (difficulties identifying and describing feelings) predicts increased risks for psychopathology, especially during the transition from childhood to adolescence. However, little is known of the early contributors to alexithymia. The language hypothesis of alexithymia suggests that language deficits play a primary role in predisposing language-impaired groups to developing alexithymia; yet longitudinal data tracking prospective relationship between language function and alexithymia are scarce.

Predictors of Participation in a Perinatal Text Message Screening Protocol for Maternal Depression and Anxiety: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Universal screening for depression and anxiety in pregnancy has been recommended by several leading medical organizations, but the implementation of such screening protocols may overburden health care systems lacking relevant resources. Text message screening may provide a low-cost, accessible alternative to in-person screening assessments. However, it is critical to understand who is likely to participate in text message-based screening protocols before such approaches can be implemented at the population level.

5-Day Injectable Extended-release Buprenorphine Initiation in Non-opioid-tolerant Individuals in a Carceral Setting: A Case Series.

Background: Injectable extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Bup) addresses several barriers to the implementation of treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in carceral settings due to lower risk of diversion and reduced operational procedures. However, there is no standardized approach or guideline for initiating sublingual buprenorphine (SL-Bup) and transitioning to XR-Bup in persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are not actively using opioids, a clinical scenario commonly encountered in carceral settings.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of non-opioid-tolerant men with OUD at a Montana Department of Corrections facility who initiated XR-Bup using a 5-day induction protocol between May 1, 2023, and November 1, 2023.

Central and peripheral physiological responses to decision making in hoarding disorder.

Individuals with hoarding disorder (HD) have difficulty parting with personal possessions, which leads to the accumulation of excessive clutter. According to a proposed biphasic neurobiological model, HD is characterized by blunted central and peripheral nervous system activity at rest and during neutral (non-discarding) decisions, and exaggerated activity during decision-making about discarding personal possessions. Here, we compared the error-related negativity (ERN) and psychophysiological responses (skin conductance, heart rate and heart rate variability, and end tidal CO) during neutral and discarding-related decisions in 26 individuals with HD, 37 control participants with anxiety disorders, and 28 healthy control participants without psychiatric diagnoses.

Birthing a new maternal cognition literature: 10 recommendations for future research.

Whilst the field of maternal cognition is gaining interest, with a recent increase in publications, there are still only a handful of existing studies. This presents a unique opportunity for reflection and growth, advancing scientific rigor to ensure that future interpretations of maternal cognitive functioning are based on robust, generalizable data. With this in mind, we offer ten recommendations for future cognitive research in motherhood, with a focus on intentional study design.