Factors Influencing the Size and Duration of School Varicella Outbreaks in Shanghai, China, in the Era of Voluntary Single-Dose Vaccination.

Varicella outbreaks continue to occur in schools. We assessed potential factors associated with the size and duration of 560 school-based outbreaks in Shanghai, China. Outbreaks occurring in primary and middle schools involved more cases and had longer durations, and conducting postexposure prophylaxis campaigns was an effective strategy for outbreak control.

[Evaluation of dietary intake quantity and quality of high school students in Shanghai City].

Objective: To understand the dietary intake quantity and quality of high school students in Shanghai education.

Methods: From 2015 to 2016, Shanghai center for Disease Control and Prevention, divided the school into three levels(urban area, suburban area and rural area) according to the economic level and population composition of the street where the school was located. The probability-proportional-to-size sampling technique was used to select 19 high schools, from which 9 boys and 9 girls from same class were randomly recruited for each grade.

Varicella outbreak trends in school settings during the voluntary single-dose vaccine era from 2006 to 2017 in Shanghai, China.

Objective: To investigate varicella outbreak trends among schoolchildren during the voluntary single-dose varicella vaccine (VarV) era in Shanghai, China.

Methods: Trends in school varicella outbreaks from 2006 to 2017 were assessed using joinpoint regression models. The impacts of changes in single-dose VarV coverage among schoolchildren and implementation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) strategies on outbreak trends were further analyzed.

Lung cancer incidence in female rises significantly in urban sprawl of Shanghai after introduction of LDCT screening.

Objectives: LDCT screening for lung cancer has been widely used in China since the release of the NLST trial data in 2011, but little is known about its impact on the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in China.

Methods: Official cancer registry data of lung cancer incidence and mortality were collected by Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2005 to 2014. Two districts (Xuhui and Songjiang Districts) were selected to represent populations with different levels of accessibility to LDCT.

High incidence and low case detection rate among contacts of tuberculosis cases in Shanghai, China.

Background: To assess the effect of a contact investigation strategy by assessing the incidence of tuberculosis and the case detection rate among contacts of tuberculosis patients.

Methods: The pulmonary tuberculosis incidence among contacts was determined retrospectively from a tuberculosis information management system. For each detection method (symptom examination only, symptom examination plus chest radiography or other alternatives), the detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients among contacts was derived from contact investigation form records.

Total and Nonheme Dietary Iron Intake Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Chinese Men and Women.

The causal relationship between serum ferritin and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains inconclusive. Dietary iron intake increases serum ferritin. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of total, heme, and nonheme dietary iron intake with MetS and its components in men and women in metropolitan China.

[Dietary pattern and its seasonal characteristic in residents of Shanghai, 2012-2014].

To analyze dietary pattern and its seasonal characteristic in residents of Shanghai. A representative sample was surveyed and followed up in four different seasons during 2012-2014. Information of food consumption was collected by 3-day 24-hour dietary recall and condiments weighing method.

Changes in smoking prevalence after the enforcement of smoking control regulations in urban Shanghai, China: Findings from two cross-sectional surveys.

Introduction: The Smoking Control Regulation in Public Places (hereafter, the 'regulations') has been implemented in Shanghai since 2010. This study explores the changes in smoking prevalence and its influencing factors among urban Shanghai residents.

Methods: Two rounds of household investigations (the Health Status and Health Service Utilization Survey) were carried out using a multistage probability proportionate-to-size sampling method in an urbanized district in 2010 and 2015.

Acceptance of Chemo-prophylaxis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among High School/College Student Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China.

Student contacts of tuberculosis (TB) cases are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and chemo-prophylaxis can reduce the risk of active TB among them. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of chemo-prophylaxis for LTBI among students, and their concerns regarding TB and its preventive treatment. A total of 560 students contacts were included in the investigation.

Differentiating the associations of waist circumference and body mass index with cardiovascular disease risk in a Chinese population.

It is not known which obesity index best explains variations in cardiovascular disease risk across populations. The objective of this study was to differentiate the associations of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular disease risk in a Chinese population. Cardiovascular risk factors, WC, and BMI were measured in 13 817 adults aged more than 18 years in Shanghai.

[The impact of incorrectly-measured variables when mixed with precisely measured variables on the study of validity in epidemiological research].

Objective: To explore the impact of measurement error on the associated effects under the incorrectly-measured variables when mixed with precisely measured variables.

Methods: Based on the functions of measurement error, correlation of incorrectly-measured predictors and precisely measured explanatory variables, number of precisely measured explanatory variables and associated effect, the 'R Project for Statistical Computing' method is used to analyze the impact of measurement on the validity of a study.

Results: Under the scenario that the continuous response Y and the continuous explanatory Z are precisely measured but the continuous predictor X is incorrectly-measured, when focusing on inference about the effect of X on Y, the non-differential measurement error always makes the value of estimated effect less than the actual value, and the attenuation effect of measurement error more closely worsens the correlation of X and Z.