Determining the Optimal Age for Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CMOSS Randomized Trial.

Background: Previous trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for patients with carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, little evidence has focused on the effect of age on prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether EC-IC bypass surgery can provide greater benefits than medical therapy alone in specific age groups.

Integrative development of a concise screening questionnaire for early detection of pregnant women at risk for dystrophy.

Background: Maintaining a healthy diet during pregnancy is vital for reducing the risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, conventional methods of assessing the dietary behavior of pregnant women, such as the FFQ, are often time-consuming. This study aims to develop a concise nutritional screening questionnaire tailored for pregnant women, empowering prenatal healthcare providers to quickly identify key adverse dietary behaviors and provide targeted guidance.

Structural and Functional Projections of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert and Their Changes After Cognitive Training in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Aims: The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is a major source of cholinergic innervation in the central nervous system. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of structural and functional alterations in the NBM and its projections in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the effects of computerized cognitive training (CCT).

Methods: Forty-five patients with MCI and 45 cognitively unimpaired controls (CUCs) were recruited.

Chinese expert consensus on sequential surgery following conversion therapy based on combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic targeted drugs for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2024 edition).

Up to half of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, for which effective treatment options are lacking, resulting in a poor prognosis. Over the past few years, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic targeted therapy has proven highly efficacious in treating advanced HCC, significantly extending patients' survival and providing a potential for sequential curative surgery. After sequential curative hepatectomy or liver transplantation following conversion therapy, patients can receive long-term survival benefits.

Case report: Atypical POEMS syndrome without polyneuropathy, complicated by borderline TAFRO syndrome.

POEMS syndrome is a complex and rare hematological disease involving multiple physiological systems. According to the currently accepted diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome, polyneuropathy is one of the primary mandatory criteria. A patient presented with M protein, Castleman disease (CD), elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), extravascular volume overload, and endocrinopathy.

Automated White Matter Fiber Tract Segmentation for the Brainstem.

This study aimed to develop an automatic segmentation method for brainstem fiber bundles. We utilized the brainstem as a seed region for probabilistic tractography based on multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution in 40 subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). All tractography data were registered into a common space to construct a brainstem fiber cluster atlas.

Diagnostic challenges of diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor in an adult female: illustrative case.

Background: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is a rare central nervous system tumor, especially in adult females. Typically, it presents with leptomeningeal enhancements in the basal cisterns and spinal cord. However, varied radiological and pathological features can complicate the diagnosis, as the present case illustrates.

Alterations of Oscillatory Activity and Cognitive Function After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can lead to cognitive impairment, but underlying neural mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Materials And Methods: To predict long-term cognitive impairment after aSAH, resting electroencephalography (EEG) was measured in 112 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of aSAH (n = 66) or unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA; controls) (n = 46). A neuropsychological battery was administered 8 to 24 months after discharge.

Identification of circulating risk biomarkers for cognitive decline in a large community-based population in Chongqing China.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between blood-based pathologies and established risk factors for cognitive decline in the community-based population of Chongqing, a region with significant aging.

Methods: A total of 26,554 residents aged 50 years and older were recruited. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to assess the risk factors of cognition levels.

Bone morphogenetic proteins, DNA methylation, and gut microbiota interaction in lumbar disc degeneration: A multi-omics Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a ubiquitous finding in low back pain. Many different etiology factors may explain the LDD process, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), DNA methylation, and gut microbiota. Until recently the mechanisms underlying the LDD process have been elusive.

Enteral nutrition support in patients with cancer: association of short-term prognosis and medical costs with inflammation.

Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) is commonly used for nutritional support in patients with cancer. Whether inflammation, one of the driving factors of malnutrition and cancer, affects the association between EN and short-term prognosis and medical costs in patients with cancer remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between EN and short-term prognosis of patients with cancer and the effect of inflammation on EN-associated medical costs.

Asymmetrical patterns of β-amyloid deposition and cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease: the SILCODE study.

The asymmetric pattern of β-amyloid plaque distribution across Alzheimer's disease clinical progression stages remains unclear. In this study, 66 participants with normal cognition, 59 with subjective cognitive decline, 12 with mild cognitive impairment, and 11 with Alzheimer's disease dementia were included in the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) cohort. A regional asymmetry index, denoting the left-right asymmetry of β-amyloid plaques, was derived for each region based on the Anatomical Automatic Labeling atlas.

[The correlation between allergic diseases and cardiovascular disease incidence].

Allergic reactions are abnormal responses of the immune system to specific allergens, typically resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators and tissue damage. Cardiovascular diseases are common conditions that contribute significantly to increased mortality rates, with inflammation-induced tissue damage playing a crucial role in their pathogenesis. Allergic reactions are associated with various aspects of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiac remodeling.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the unfavorable outcomes in elderly patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative disease.

Objective: Failure to understand long-term quality of life and functional outcomes hinders effective decision making and prognostication. Therefore, the study aims to predict and analyse the unfavorable outcomes (FOs) in elderly patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery.

Methods: Consecutive 382 patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative disease from March 2019 to July 2022 were enrolled in this study.

Detection of Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Intractable Epilepsy Using Integrated F-FDG PET/MR Imaging.

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis(CCD) involves reduced metabolism and blood flow in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to a supratentorial lesion. ASL is a valuable tool for quantifying regional cerebral blood flow. This study assesses ASL-MRI's ability to detect CCD in epilepsy using integrated F-FDG PET/MRI and compares ASL with PET images in evaluating CCD.

Discovery of pyridine-based derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

FMS-like tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, the most common genetic alterations found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, have been pursued as an ideal drug discovery target for the AML therapy. Taking compound 2 as lead, a series of pyridine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were rationally designed and synthesized. The bioassays confirmed that these derivatives exerted potent antileukemia effects, and compound 12y was found to be the most potent one.

Neuronal Regulation of Feeding and Energy Metabolism: A Focus on the Hypothalamus and Brainstem.

In the face of constantly changing environments, the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly and accurately calculates the body's needs, regulates feeding behavior, and maintains energy homeostasis. The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) plays a key role in this process, serving as a critical brain region for detecting nutrition-related hormones and regulating appetite and energy homeostasis. Agouti-related protein (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the ARC are core elements that interact with other brain regions through a complex appetite-regulating network to comprehensively control energy homeostasis.

RotarexS rotational atherectomy combined with drug-coated balloon angioplasty for treating femoropopliteal artery in-stent restenosis.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the safety and mid-term outcomes of a hybrid treatment method combining rotational atherectomy (RA) with drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty in patients with femoropopliteal artery in-stent restenosis (ISR).

Methods: This single-center retrospective study enrolled patients from January 2018 to March 2022 who had femoropopliteal artery in-stent restenosis treated by RA and DCB. Preoperative demographics, operative details, and postoperative 12-month follow-up outcomes were analyzed statistically.

Comparison of silent MRA and time-of-flight MRA in the depiction and grading of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Background: Preliminary small-sample studies suggest that silent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has an advantage over time-of-flight MRA (TOF MRA) in the characterization of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), but did not examine whether the imaging performance of silent MRA was affected by the intrinsic features of BAVM or common clinical factors. This study sought to compare silent MRA and TOF MRA in terms of the visualization and grading of BAVMs in various clinical settings.

Methods: In total, 85 participants (50 males, 35 females; mean age: 33.

Irisin Alleviates Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting AhR/NF-B-NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Cognitive impairment is a vital complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effect of irisin on CKD-induced cognitive impairment remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of Irisin in mitigating cognitive impairment and explore the underlying mechanisms in CKD.

Integrative multi-omics and machine learning approach reveals tumor microenvironment-associated prognostic biomarkers in ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a globally prevalent malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality, yet its heterogeneity poses challenges in treatment and prognosis. Recognizing the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in OC progression, this study leverages integrative multi-omics and machine learning to uncover TME-associated prognostic biomarkers, paving the way for more personalized therapeutic interventions.

Methods: Employing a rigorous multi-omics approach, this study analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from OC and normal tissue samples, including high-grade serous OC (HGSOC) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO: GSE184880) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) OC cohort, utilizing the Seurat package to annotate 700 TME-related genes.

Flow-diverting stents for the treatment of unruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms: analysis of the CRETA Registry.

Background: Data about the safety and the efficacy of flow diversion for distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms are limited. We present the largest multicenter analysis evaluating the outcomes of flow diversion in unruptured DACA aneurysm treatment.

Methods: Databases from 39 centers were retrospectively reviewed for unruptured DACA aneurysms treated with flow-diverting stents.

A new treatment strategy for mid-low rectal cancer patients exhibiting a clinical complete or near-complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery --A multicenter prospective case-control clinical trial by MONT-R.

Background: Total mesorectal excision is the standard surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), but it may lead to high complication rates and poor quality of life. This study evaluates whether transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), as a partial resection procedure, can enhance quality of life for clinical complete response (cCR) or near-cCR patients without compromising survival.

Methods: Between May 2017 to September 2021, 80 patients with T3-4N0M0 or TanyN+M0 mid-low rectal cancer achieving cCR or near-cCR post-nCRT were prospectively included at 6 Chinese centers.