[Diagnostic Value of Transbronchial Ultrasound-guided Needle Aspiration Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].

Background: As a new technique developed in recent years, endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has the advantages of simple operation, minimal invasive, high accuracy, safety and repeatability. It has become a new standard for lung cancer diagnosis and mediastinal staging. Because small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have different biological characteristics and treatment methods, it is very important to diagnose and differentiate the types of lung cancer in the early stage of lung cancer for the staging, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.

Impaired Parahippocampal Gyrus-Orbitofrontal Cortex Circuit Associated with Visuospatial Memory Deficit as a Potential Biomarker and Interventional Approach for Alzheimer Disease.

The parahippocampal gyrus-orbitofrontal cortex (PHG-OFC) circuit in humans is homologous to the postrhinal cortex (POR)-ventral lateral orbitofrontal cortex (vlOFC) circuit in rodents. Both are associated with visuospatial malfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

HNRNPA1-induced spliceopathy in a transgenic mouse model of myotonic dystrophy.

Studies on myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) have led to the RNA-mediated disease model for hereditary disorders caused by noncoding microsatellite expansions. This model proposes that DM1 disease manifestations are caused by a reversion to fetal RNA processing patterns in adult tissues due to the expression of toxic CUG RNA expansions (CUG) leading to decreased muscleblind-like, but increased CUGBP1/ETR3-like factor 1 (CELF1), alternative splicing activities. Here, we test this model in vivo, using the mouse poly(CUG) model for DM1 and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated transduction of specific splicing factors.

Safety and Efficacy of Donepezil 10 mg/day in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Efficacy and dose-effect relationship of donepezil for treating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been proven. However, few studies focused on the safety of donepezil, particularly in Chinese patients.

Objective: To assess the safety of donepezil 10 mg/day in Chinese patients with mild-to-moderate AD.

APACHE IV Score is Useful For Assessment and Stratification of Elderly Patients Over 65 Years With Acute Cholecystitis.

Purpose: One of the main problems concerning the design of clinical trials in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) is the lack of validated, well-established scoring systems to stratify the severity of patient disease states. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) scoring system in patients over 65 years with AC.

Methods: All patients over 65 years of age admitted to our hospital for treatment of AC in the intensive care unit between January 2013 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

mRNA expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 and components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/phosphatase and tensin homolog pathway in epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung adenocarcinoma, as well as the correlation between the clinical features of patients and mRNA levels of PD-L1 and components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pathways.

Methods: mRNA levels of PD-L1, PI3K, AKT, and PTEN in tumor and matched normal tissues of patients with EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Twenty-three patients with EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled, and 46 samples (23 pairs of tumor and matched normal lung tissues) were collected.

Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity and brain states in Alzheimer's diseases: functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Communication within the brain is highly dynamic. Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits dynamic progression corresponding to a decline in memory and cognition. However, little is known of whether brain dynamics are disrupted in AD and its prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Computational Study of Novel Natural Inhibitors Targeting O-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase.

Objective: To screen ideal lead compounds from a drug library (ZINC15 database) with potential inhibition effect against O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) to contribute to medication design and refinement.

Methods: A series of computer-aided virtual screening techniques were used to identify potential inhibitors of MGMT. Structure-based virtual screening by LibDock was carried out to calculate LibDock scores, followed by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and toxicity predictions.

Effect of cornel iridoid glycoside on microglia activation through suppression of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway.

The effect of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG), main component extracted from Cornus officinalis, on microglia activation has not been elucidated so far. We induced a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), namely, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model by immunization subcutaneously with the MOG peptide, which causes neuroinflammation and microglia activation. Our data demonstrated that CIG delayed the onset of the EAE, ameliorated the severity of the symptoms and inhibited the activation of microglia in different brain regions.

Outcomes of Posterior Thoracic Corpectomies for Metastatic Spine Tumors: An Analysis of 90 Patients.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the outcomes and complications of patients with metastatic thoracic spinal tumors (MTTs) who underwent posterior corpectomies.

Methods: Ninety patients with MTTs who underwent posterior corpectomies were retrospectively analyzed. Characteristics evaluated included number of MTTs per year, location, involved vertebrae numbers, sex, histology, pre- and postoperative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, operative time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay.

[Continuous fascia iliaca compartment block combined with oral analgesics for pre-operative pain control in elderly hip fracture patients].

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of ultrasound-guided continuous fascia iliaca compartment block combined with oral analgesics for pre-operative pain control in elderly patients with hip fracture. One hundred and sixteen patients with hip fractures in Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University during Dec. 2015 to Dec.

Regularity changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell complex in patients with the amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Unlabelled: Purpose/aim: We investigated the regularity changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) of the amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients in this prospective cohort study.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four aMCI patients and 30 health controls, who are more than 60 years old, were recruited into the study. The RNFL and the mGCC average thickness were measured with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT).

Frequency-Dependent Changes in the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Mild Depression.

Background: Depression is a potential marker of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the abnormal characteristics revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects with depressive symptoms (MCI-d).

Objective: The study was to examine whether abnormalities in amplitudes of low-frequency oscillation occurred in MCI-d and tried to find the possible spectrum showed higher recognition ability to the diagnosis by utilizing functional MRI (fMRI).

Increased central dopaminergic activity might be involved in the behavioral abnormality of cuprizone exposure mice.

The neurotoxican cuprizone (CPZ, a copper chelator) has been used extensively to create a mouse model of demyelination. However, the effects on behavior of CPZ treatment have not been reported in C57BL/6 mice given a diet containing 0.4% CPZ within 3weeks.

Icariin enhances remyelination process after acute demyelination induced by cuprizone exposure.

Pathology are still progressive and cumulative in the remission course of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), thus drug treatment during the remission period may play a great role for the regeneration of the myelin sheath. C57BL/6 mice were fed with cuprizone (CPZ, 0.2% w/w) for 5 weeks to induce acute demyelination and oligodendrocytes degeneration, after which CPZ was withdrawn to allow recovery.

Preventing the BDNF and NGF loss involved in the effects of cornel iridoid glycoside on attenuation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.

The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG), a main component extract from Cornus officinalis, on neurotrophin expression in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classical model of multiple sclerosis (MS). After EAE initiation, CIG was intragastrically administered daily for 32 days and reduced disease severity. Histopathological staining and western blotting both showed that CIG could prevent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) loss in the spinal cord of EAE mice.

Regional homogeneity changes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients.

Objective: Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) measures the local coherence of spontaneous brain activity, and it is sensitive to detect aberrant local functional connectivity of brain region. We tried to explore the activity of brain network by ReHo method in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and examine the impact of regional brain atrophy on the functional results.

Methods: Data of both structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI scans were collected from 36 aMCI patients and 46 age-matched healthy controls.

A support vector machine-based method to identify mild cognitive impairment with multi-level characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional state between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Non-invasive diagnostic methods are desirable to identify MCI for early therapeutic interventions. In this study, we proposed a support vector machine (SVM)-based method to discriminate between MCI patients and normal controls (NCs) using multi-level characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Delta-secretase cleaves amyloid precursor protein and regulates the pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.

The age-dependent deposition of amyloid-β peptides, derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite age being the greatest risk factor for AD, the molecular mechanisms linking ageing to APP processing are unknown. Here we show that asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), a pH-controlled cysteine proteinase, is activated during ageing and mediates APP proteolytic processing.

Characterization of the interactions between β-amyloid peptide and the membranes of human SK-N-SH cells.

Interaction of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) with cell membranes is thought to be an initial step in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, some data are controversial and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this report, two populations of Aβ were found in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells.

Biochemical and neuroimaging studies in subjective cognitive decline: progress and perspectives.

Neurodegeneration due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) can progress over decades before dementia becomes apparent. Indeed, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) already demonstrate significant lesion loads. In most cases, MCI is preceded by subjective cognitive decline (SCD), which is applied to individuals who have self-reported memory-related complaints and has been associated with a higher risk of future cognitive decline and conversion to dementia.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is upregulated in the brain of rats with acute pancreatitis.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) has an effect on both inflammatory/autoimmune processes and psychological states, but the pathophysiological causes of pancreatic encephalopathy in the brain are unclear. We hypothesized that the peripheral immune/inflammatory response during AP can affect indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and serotonin content in the brain.

Methods: About 210 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (0 h) and 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h experimental groups.

MicroRNA-424 protects against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice by suppressing oxidative stress.

Background And Purpose: We previously showed that the microRNA miR-424 protects against permanent cerebral ischemic injury in mice by suppressing microglia activation. This study investigated the role of miR-424 in transient cerebral ischemia in mice with a focus on oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury.

Methods: Transient cerebral ischemia was induced in C57/BL6 mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour followed by reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion).

Involvement of JAK/STAT signaling in the effect of cornel iridoid glycoside on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis amelioration in rats.

In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic benefit of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG), the main component extracted from Cornus officinalis, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats. CIG was intragastrically administered daily after EAE initiation for 20days and reduced disease severity, incidence, disease onset and ongoing paralysis. Histopathological staining showed that CIG could reduce T cell entry to the central nervous system and microglia activation, increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and mature oligodendrocytes, and decreased oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs).