The use of lumbar puncture and safety recommendations in Alzheimer's disease: a plain language summary.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a plain language summary of an article published in . It looks at a type of test called a lumbar puncture (also known as spinal tap) used in people suspected of having Alzheimer's disease or some other form of dementia. This summary focuses on how to do a lumbar puncture safely.

Association between thyroid function and comorbid anxiety in first-episode and drug naïve patients with major depressive disorder.

Objective: Existing studies have shown that thyroid dysfunction is associated with depression. However, its role in major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid anxiety remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to compare thyroid function in a large sample of first episode drug naïve (FEDN) MDD patients with and without anxiety.

Mental health status of adolescents after family confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak in the general population: a longitudinal survey.

Few studies have examined the psychological impact on adolescents of family confinement and infection exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these surveys lacked follow-up data to determine how the family confinement affects participants' depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological status and related risk and protective factors of adolescents after two months of family confinement for preventing COVID-19 in China, and compare them with baseline data.

The Effects of Normal Aging, Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, or Alzheimer's Disease on Visual Search.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been confirmed as an influencing factor of visual impairment, but potential concomitant effects on visual and cognitive performance are not well understood.

Objective: To provide a new method for early screening of Alzheimer's disease and further explore the theoretical mechanism of the decline of whole visual and cognitive performance in AD.

Methods: We studied 60 individuals without dementia as normal control (NC), 74 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 60 individuals with amnesia mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 75 patients with AD on a battery of tests designed to measure multiple aspects of basic and higher-order visual perception and cognition.

SEEG-Net: An explainable and deep learning-based cross-subject pathological activity detection method for drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective: Precise preoperative evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) requires accurate analysis of invasive stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). With the tremendous breakthrough of Artificial intelligence (AI), previous studies can help clinical experts to identify pathological activities automatically. However, they still face limitations when applied in real-world clinical DRE scenarios, such as sample imbalance, cross-subject domain shift, and poor interpretability.

Analysis of factors influencing cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma at each lateral level.

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its influence on the distribution of lymph node metastasis at each lateral level of the neck to guide precise treatment of the lateral area.

Methods: The clinicopathological data of patients with PTC initially diagnosed and treated at our hospital from February 2014 to September 2021 were collected; the metastatic status of each lateral level was recorded, and correlations were analyzed.

Results: A total of 203 patients were enrolled in this study.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review With AGREE II.

Background: High-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are important for the effective treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, recommendations provided by different quality guidelines may lead to varied clinical practice outcomes.

Objective: To assess the quality of available CPGs for the management of BPSD and summarize the best recommendations for treating BPSD.

miR-23b-3p rescues cognition in Alzheimer's disease by reducing tau phosphorylation and apoptosis via GSK-3β signaling pathways.

Dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression in the brain can contribute to cognitive dysfunction and aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have reported a role for microRNA-23b-3p (miR-23b-3p) in various neurologic disorders; however, its involvement in cognition-related functions remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of miR-23b-3p in AD.

Depressive Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents in China During the Coronavirus Disease-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic negatively impacts mental health. Some published studies have investigated the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents in China during the pandemic. However, the results vary widely.

Application of Deep Learning to Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Deep Learning (DL) algorithm holds great potential in the field of stroke imaging. It has been applied not only to the "downstream" side such as lesion detection, treatment decision making, and outcome prediction, but also to the "upstream" side for generation and enhancement of stroke imaging. This paper aims to comprehensively overview the common applications of DL to stroke imaging.

A Four-Gene Signature Model Improves the Prediction of Distant Metastasis in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective, Three-Center Observational Study.

: Similar to that in other malignant tumors, distant metastasis is one of the most important causes of poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the genetic hallmarks and networks that regulate the distant metastasis of NPC are not fully understood. : In this study, we performed high-throughput screening of mRNA expression profiles in 92 NPC samples collected from 3hospitals and detected the mRNA expression levels of 31,503 genes in these samples.

P300 correlates with tDCS response in minimally conscious state patients.

Background: Several recent studies indicated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed promising results in patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS). However, the neurological characteristics of patients in MCS considered to be tDCS responders have not been firmly established.

Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to explore a reliable electrophysiological biomarker of tDCS response before the patients' inclusion in a tDCS protocol.

The predictive value of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score for clinical outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury.

Objective: To compare the performance of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in predicting 28-day mortality in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients.

Methods: Data were extracted from the Beijing Acute Kidney Injury Trial (BAKIT). A total of 2954 patients with complete clinical data were included in this study.

Generation and characterization of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (XWHNi001-A) derived from an Alzheimer's disease patient with mutation in the APP gene.

Mutations in the APP gene are popularly known as the second cause trigger the familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). We generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from an AD patient using non-integrative Sendai virus. The iPSC line highly expresses pluripotency markers, has the capacity to differentiate into the normal teratoma tissue, retains the APP mutation, and displays the normal karyotype.

N-Terminal 5-Mer Peptide Analog P165 of Amyloid Precursor Protein Repairs Skin Photodamage Induced by UVB through the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Background: Acute photodamage is an acute inflammatory reaction of the skin after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Many drugs have been successfully used for the treatment and prevention of photodamage.

Aims: To evaluate the molecular mechanism of N-terminal 5-mer peptide analog P165 of amyloid precursor protein in repairing photodamaged rat skin.

Implications of miR-148a-3p/p35/PTEN signaling in tau hyperphosphorylation and autoregulatory feedforward of Akt/CREB in Alzheimer's disease.

Existing studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) have a role in cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the function and pathophysiological mechanism of deregulated miRNAs underlying AD pathology remain to be investigated. The present study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of miR-148a-3p in AD.

Gender- and age-based differences in outcomes of mechanically ventilated ICU patients: a Chinese multicentre retrospective study.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that the gender and/or age of a patient may influence the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. Our aim was to determine whether there are gender- and age-based differences in clinical outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: We performed a multicentre retrospective study involving adult patients who were admitted to the ICU and received at least 24 h of mechanical ventilation (MV).

Automatic Detection of High-Frequency Oscillations Based on an End-to-End Bi-Branch Neural Network and Clinical Cross-Validation.

Accurate identification of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) is an important prerequisite for precise localization of epileptic foci and good prognosis of drug-refractory epilepsy. Exploring a high-performance automatic detection method for HFOs can effectively help clinicians reduce the error rate and reduce manpower. Due to the limited analysis perspective and simple model design, it is difficult to meet the requirements of clinical application by the existing methods.

MicroRNA expression signature and target prediction in familial and sporadic primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH).

Background: Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH), previously termed ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH), is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome usually characterized by functioning adrenal macronodules and increased cortisol production.

Methods: To screen and analyse the microRNA (miRNA) profile of PMAH in order to elucidate its possible pathogenesis, a miRNA microarray was used to test tissue samples from patients with familial PMAH, patients with sporadic PMAH and normal control samples of other nontumour adrenocortical tissues and identify characteristic microRNA expression signatures. Randomly selected miRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Expert consensus on thermal ablation therapy of pulmonary subsolid nodules (2021 Edition).

The Expert Consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practice guidelines for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The main contents include the following: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN; (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation, and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN; and (3) future development directions.

APACHE IV system helps to determine role of cholecystostomy in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis.

Objective: Cholecystostomy is a palliative treatment for patients unfit to undergo immediate cholecystectomy. Nevertheless, the role of cholecystostomy in the clinical management of such patients remains unclear. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) scoring system is useful for estimating the hospital mortality of high-risk patients.