Real-time lane detection model based on non bottleneck skip residual connections and attention pyramids.

The security of car driving is of interest due to the growing number of motor vehicles and frequent occurrence of road traffic accidents, and the combination of advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) and vehicle-road cooperation can prevent more than 90% of traffic accidents. Lane detection, as a vital part of ADAS, has poor real-time performance and accuracy in multiple scenarios, such as road damage, light changes, and traffic jams. Moreover, the sparse pixels of lane lines on the road pose a tremendous challenge to the task of lane line detection.

An ESIPT-based fluorescent probe with fast-response for detection of hydrogen sulfide in mitochondria.

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has recently received considerable attention due to its dual fluorescent changes and large Stokes shift. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gas signal molecule that plays important roles in modulating the functions of different systems. Herein, by modifying 2-(2́-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) scaffold, a novel near-infrared mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe HBTP-HS has been rationally designed based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) effect.

Molecular-Dimension-Dependent ESIPT Break for Specific Reversible Response to GSH and Its Real-Time Bioimaging.

Glutathione (GSH) plays many important roles in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis, and determining its real-time levels in the biological system is essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and pathological research of related diseases. Fluorescence imaging has been regarded as a powerful tool for tracking biomarkers in vivo, for which specificity, reversibility, and fast response are the main issues to ensure the real-time effective detection of analytes. The determination of GSH is often interfered with by other active sulfur species.

Theoretical electronic circular dichroism investigations of chiral amino acids and development of separation and identification methods independent of standards.

Through an appropriate computational protocol and environmental simulation, a satisfactory fit was observed for the theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of 19 chiral amino acids (AAs), which correspondeds to the forms of the AAs in aqueous solution. Methods for enantioseparation of these chiral AAs by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed. Combining ECD with chromatographic separation methods, enantiomers were identified and quantified independent of a single enantiomer standard.

Separation and determination of 3-hydroxyaspartate by online concentration capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence with microwave-assisted derivatization.

A chiral analytical method was proposed based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection coupled with microwave-assisted derivatization for the simultaneous baseline separation and sensitive detection of four stereoisomers of 3-hydroxyaspartate. The derivatization reaction of 3-hydroxyaspartate with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole was greatly accelerated by microwave irradiation. Under the optimized conditions, the derivatization yield was increased by 20% and the derivatization time was shortened by 20 min when compared with those from conventional water bath heating.

Bacterial Community Spacing Is Mainly Shaped by Unique Species in the Subalpine Natural Lakes of China.

Bacterial communities have been described as early indicators of both regional and global climatic change and play a critical role in the global biogeochemical cycle. Exploring the mechanisms that determine the diversity patterns of bacterial communities and how they share different habitats along environmental gradients are, therefore, a central theme in microbial ecology research. We characterized the diversity patterns of bacterial communities in Pipahai Lake (PPH), Mayinghai Lake (MYH), and Gonghai Lake (GH), three subalpine natural lakes in Ningwu County, Shanxi, China, and analyzed the distribution of their shared and unique taxa (indicator species).

Five Mitochondrial Genomes of the Genus Hahn, 1834 with Phylogenetic Implications for the Pentatominae (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Four complete mitogenomes of , , , and one near-complete mitochondrial genome of were sequenced and used to explore the phylogenetic relationships of tribes within the subfamily Pentatominae. The mitogenomes range from 15,422 to 16,043 base pairs (bp) in length and encode 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes (21 in ), and a control region. Similar to other heteropteran species, the AT contents of the sequenced species were higher than their GC contents.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) and its phylogenetic implications.

(Linnaeus, 1758) is an important agroforestry pest widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. In this study, we sequence and annotate the complete mitochondrial genome of and reconstruct the phylogenetic trees for Pentatomoidea using existing data for eight families published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The mitogenome of is 15,887-bp-long, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region, with an A+T content of 77.

Responses of Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Dynamics to Nitrogen Addition in Temperate Shrublands of North China.

Plant litter decomposition is a crucial ecosystem process that regulates nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and plant productivity and is strongly influenced by increased nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the effects of exogenous N input on litter decomposition are still poorly understood, especially in temperate shrublands, which hinders predictions of soil C and nutrient dynamics under the context of global change. Temperate shrub ecosystems are usually N-limited and particularly sensitive to changes in exogenous N input.

Red to Near-Infrared Mechanochromism from Metal-free Polycrystals: Noncovalent Conformational Locks Facilitating Wide-Range Redshift.

Piezochromic organic materials that present a large difference in fluorescence wavelength in the near-infrared region have important potential applications; however, few such metal-free luminophores have been reported. In this study, we design and prepare π-conjugated electron acceptors whose planar conformation can be locked by the noncovalent interactions. The planar fused-ring geometry can narrow the optical band gap, enhance the molecular stability and rigidity, as well as increase the radiative rate.

Application of a Modified Generative Adversarial Network in the Superresolution Reconstruction of Ancient Murals.

Considering the problems of low resolution and rough details in existing mural images, this paper proposes a superresolution reconstruction algorithm for enhancing artistic mural images, thereby optimizing mural images. The algorithm takes a generative adversarial network (GAN) as the framework. First, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to extract image feature information, and then, the features are mapped to the high-resolution image space of the same size as the original image.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence and phylogenetic implications of (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae).

The complete mitogenome of Stål, 1858 was obtained using a next-generation sequencing approach, which is the first report in genus . The genome is 16,330 bp long with high A + T content. The phylogenetic analyses based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) provide strong support for monophyly of each family within Pentatomomorpha.

An ESIPT-induced NIR fluorescent probe to visualize mitochondrial sulfur dioxide during oxidative stress .

Based on the change in electron distribution of the benzopyrylium unit before and after sulfite addition, a 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT)-based fluorophore generated the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process with a near-infrared enhanced emission at 836 nm and a large Stokes shift (286 nm). The probe was applied to image SO2 derivatives in cells and mice. Our data will provide new ideas for the development of ESIPT-based fluorescence probe with longer wavelength emission.

Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption of Cross-Conjugated Chalcone Derivatives: Modulation of the Effective π-Conjugated Structure.

Three cross-conjugated chalcone derivatives , , and were designed and synthesized to develop excellent organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In a Z-scan experiment, all compounds show good NLO absorption characteristics in the visible to near-infrared region. The photophysical mechanism is confirmed to be two-photon absorption (TPA)-induced excited-state absorption (ESA).

Recent Progress in Ionic Coassembly of Cationic Peptides and Anionic Species.

Peptide assembly has been extensively exploited as a promising platform for the creation of hierarchical nanostructures and tailor-made bioactive materials. Ionic coassembly of cationic peptides and anionic species is paving the way to provide particularly important contribution to this topic. In this review, the recent progress of ionic coassembly soft materials derived from the electrostatic coupling between cationic peptides and anionic species in aqueous solution is systematically summarized.

Two new cave-dwelling species of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin 1929 (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from the Guizhou karst, China.

Two new troglomorphic pseudoscorpion species, Tyrannochthonius harveyi, sp. nov. and Tyrannochthonius zhai, sp.

An in situ approach to functionalize metal-organic frameworks with tertiary aliphatic amino groups.

Metal-catalyzed reductive amination of formyl-containing linkers with N,N-dialkylformamide solvents is concomitant with the solvothermal coordination assembly, leading to novel MOFs functionalized with tertiary aliphatic amino groups. This illustrates a novel one-pot strategy to functionalize MOFs through in situ organic transformation. The UiO-66 MOFs partially functionalized with the amino groups are highly active heterogeneous catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation.

Identifying Potentially Climatic Suitability Areas for (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in China under Climate Change.

is a notorious pest that feeds on more than 80 crops, and has spread over 100 countries. Many biological agents have been employed to regulate it, such as . is a polyphagous predatory heteropteran, which can effectively suppress several agricultural and forest pests.

Automatic image annotation method based on a convolutional neural network with threshold optimization.

In this study, a convolutional neural network with threshold optimization (CNN-THOP) is proposed to solve the issue of overlabeling or downlabeling arising during the multilabel image annotation process in the use of a ranking function for label annotation along with prediction probability. This model fuses the threshold optimization algorithm to the CNN structure. First, an optimal model trained by the CNN is used to predict the test set images, and batch normalization (BN) is added to the CNN structure to effectively accelerate the convergence speed and obtain a group of prediction probabilities.

A review: Red/near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes based on nucleophilic reactions of H S since 2015.

The topics of human health and disease are always the focus of much attention. Hydrogen sulfide (H S), as a double-edged sword, plays an important role in biological systems. Studies have revealed that endogenous H S is important to maintain normal physiological functions.

Boron-based ternary RbBeB cluster featuring unique sandwich geometry and a naked hexagonal boron ring.

Computational evidence is reported on a boron-based ternary Rb6Be2B6 cluster as the "Big Mac" sandwich on a subnanoscale with thickness of 0.58 nm. The core hexagonal B6 ring, occurring in the naked form due to double 6π/6σ aromaticity, is capped by two tetrahedral BeRb3 ligands.

The structure and chemical bonding in inverse sandwich BCa and BCa clusters: conflicting aromaticity double aromaticity.

The typical electron-deficiency of the boron element renders fascinating architectures and chemical bonding to boron-based nanoclusters. We theoretically predict two di-Ca-doped boron clusters, B6Ca2 (D2h, 1Ag) and B8Ca2 (D8h, 1A1g), and both adopt interesting inverse sandwich geometries, showing an elongated D2h B6 or perfectly planar D8h B8 ring being sandwiched by two Ca atoms only, respectively. Natural atomic charge analyses indicate that the Ca atoms donate nearly all the 4s electrons to the B6 (or B8) ring, forming [Ca]2+[B6]4-[Ca]2+ and [Ca]2+[B8]4-[Ca]2+ charge transfer complexes.

Comparative effects of glycinebetaine on the thermotolerance in codA- and BADH-transgenic tomato plants under high temperature stress.

We propose that codA tomato plants exhibited higher degrees of enhanced thermotolerance than BADH tomato plants, and HO as a signaling molecule also plays an important role in heat resistance. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) and choline oxidase (COD) are key enzymes in glycinebetaine (GB) synthesis. In this study, two kinds of transgenic tomato plants, which were transformed with BADH gene and codA gene, respectively, were used to explore their thermotolerance.

Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation by Catechol-Type Diphenylbutadiene an Intracellular Copper- and Iron-Dependent Pro-Oxidative Role.

Chronic inflammation mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a crucial role in the development of cancer. As part of our continuous efforts placed on investigating anticancer mechanisms of dietary catechols, we further applied catechol-type diphenylbutadiene (3,4-DHB) as a model molecule to probe whether it inhibits inflammation by its pro-oxidative role. Employing lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.

Extraction, purification, and determination of the gastroprotective activity of glucomannan from Bletilla striata.

In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (BSP) was extracted and purified from pseudobulb of Bletilla striata. The preliminary structure and gastroprotective activity of BSP were analyzed. Results indicate that BSP is a glucomannan with a molar ratio of 7.