Differences in Gut Microbial Composition and Characteristics Among Three Populations of the Bamboo Pitviper ().

The gut microbiota contributes to host health by facilitating nutrient uptake, digestion, energy metabolism, intestinal development, vitamin synthesis, and immunomodulation, and plays an important role in the growth and reproduction of the animal itself. Considering the paucity of research on the gut microbiota of wild snakes, this study focused on bamboo pitviper () populations from Anhui, Guizhou, and Hunan, with multiple fecal samples collected from each population (six, five, and three, respectively). Total microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples using metagenomic next-generation sequencing and differences in gut microbial composition, abundance, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were analyzed and compared among the three populations.

Phytochemicals of nutraceutical importance from different pear cultivars in the early stage of development.

To make full use of young pear fruit thinned from the trees for optimal fruit load during cultivation, this study explored the nutritional diversity in young fruit of seventy-nine different pear varieties, focusing on their bioactive compounds. Our results showed significant variability in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of pear varieties. The TPC values ranged from 0.

Sleeping and Eating Behavior Recognition of Horses Based on an Improved SlowFast Network.

The sleeping and eating behaviors of horses are important indicators of their health. With the development of the modern equine industry, timely monitoring and analysis of these behaviors can provide valuable data for assessing the physiological state of horses. To recognize horse behaviors in stalls, this study builds on the SlowFast algorithm, introducing a novel loss function to address data imbalance and integrating an SE attention module in the SlowFast algorithm's slow pathway to enhance behavior recognition accuracy.

The Fluorescent Sensing of BF and Amines: A Dual Approach with Hydrazone Ligands.

BF, volatile amines (VOAs), and biogenic amines (BAs) are the key indicators in chemical reaction catalysis and food quality monitoring. In this study, we present two types of fluorescent sensors, a hydrazone ligand (HL)-based fluorescent sensor for BF detection and a novel sensor array using six boron difluoride (BF) hydrazone complexes (BFHs) for monitoring VOAs and BAs. Spectral research indicates that the interaction mechanism between the HLs and BF is based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT).

Genome-Wide Identification of the Gene Family in Sea-Island Cotton () and the Active Regulation of Drought Resistance in Cotton by .

Cotton is an economically critical crop worldwide, and drought stress strongly affects its growth and development. Ubiquitination modifies protein activity and is crucial in numerous biological processes. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes serve as intermediaries in the protein ubiquitination process and play important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress.

Detection of Pear Quality Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology and Machine Learning Analysis.

The non-destructive detection of fruit quality is indispensable in the agricultural and food industries. This study aimed to explore the application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology, combined with machine learning, for a quality assessment of pears, so as to provide an efficient technical method. Six varieties of pears were used for inspection, including 'Sucui No.

Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Combined with Sensory Evaluation for the Analysis of Volatile Aromatic Compounds in Apricot ( L.) Germplasm Resources Cultivated in Xinjiang, China.

The volatile compounds in the fruits of 24 apricot cultivars were quantitatively and qualitatively determined via headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 429 volatile compounds were detected in these fruits, and the greatest number of detected terpenoids was 77. Significant differences were found among the cultivars in terms of the total volatile compound content of the fruits, with variation from 112.

Mitigation of cadmium stress by salicylic acid: Physiological and biochemical responses in NM-2006, NM-92, and Mash-88 mung bean varieties.

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant that adversely affects plant growth and productivity, creating a need for effective mitigation strategies. This study aims to evaluate the impact of salicylic acid (SA) priming on the physio-biochemical characteristics of three mung bean varieties (Vigna radiata L.), namely NM-2006, NM-92, and Mash-88, under Cd stress.

Research progress on the effects of postharvest storage methods on melon quality.

Background: As an important global agricultural cash crop, melon has a long history of cultivation and a wide planting area. The physiological metabolism of melon after harvest is relatively strong; if not properly stored, melon is easily invaded by external pathogens during transportation, resulting in economic losses and greatly limiting its production, development and market supply. Therefore, the storage and freshness of melon are the main challenges in realizing the annual supply of melon, so postharvest storage has received increasing amounts of attention from researchers.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing in Cattle in China in the Past 10 Years.

Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) is a significant pathogen that can cause foodborne illnesses and pose a serious public health problem. To date, no systematic evaluation or meta-analysis of STEC carriage in Chinese cattle has been conducted. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of STEC in cattle in China over the past decade.

Changes in blood physiological and biochemical parameters and intestinal flora in newborn horses and mares with angular limb deformities.

Introduction: Angular limb deformities (ALDs) are a common skeletal development disorder in newborn foals. This condition affects the growth and development of foals and severely impacts their future athletic performance and economic value, causing significant financial losses to the horse industry. Placentitis, metritis, and severe metabolic diseases during mare pregnancy are significant causes of ALDs in newborn foals.

Modified atmosphere packaging maintains stem quality of Chinese flowering cabbage by restraining postharvest lignification and ROS accumulation.

In this study, the impact of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on quality, lignin biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and microstructures of stem in Chinese flowering cabbages was investigated. Compared with control, MAP treatment retained higher content of protein, total soluble solid, and vitamin C, while lower weight loss rate, carbon dioxide (CO) production rate, electrolyte leakage, firmness and hollowing of stems. Lignin content in MAP-treated stems was 1.

Integration of GWAS models and GS reveals the genetic architecture of ear shank in maize.

Maize is one of the most important crops for human food, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. Ear shank length (ESL) and ear shank node number (ESNN) are crucial selection criteria in maize breeding, impacting grain yield and dehydration rate during mechanical harvesting. To unravel the genetic basis of ESL and ESNN in maize, an association panel consisting of 379 multi-parent doubled-haploid (DH) lines was developed for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS).

Potassium molybdate blocks APN-dependent coronavirus entry by degrading receptor via PIK3C3-mediated autophagy.

Swine enteric coronaviruses pose a significant challenge to the global pig industry, inflicting severe diarrhea and high mortality rates among piglets, and resulting in substantial economic losses. In our clinical practice, we observed that the addition of potassium molybdate (PM) to the feed could dramatically reduce diarrhea and diarrhea-related mortality in piglets. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and merit further investigation.

Cellulose nanocrystals-based Pickering emulsion with enhanced foliar adhesion and pH responsiveness for intelligent delivery of pesticides.

Pickering emulsions stabilized by functionalized natural macromolecules have emerged with promising responsiveness for pesticide encapsulation and release. This study developed Pickering emulsions using amine-modified cellulose nanocrystals (ACNCs) as stabilizers. The resultant O/W ACNCs-Pickering emulsions (ACNCs-Pickering) exhibited long-term storage stability and showed increasing emulsion stability depending on the concentration of ACNCs.

A Highly Efficient Propeller-Like Organic Radical with Less Solvent Sensitivity and Selective Detection of Aromatic Amines from Aliphatic Amines through Turn-on Fluorescence.

Highly efficient red luminescent organic radicals with less solvent sensitivity are much more attractive due to their wide application in various fields, especially in fluorescence sensing, and bioimaging. In this work, we synthesized a three δ-carboline-capped highly efficient propeller-like organic radical TTM-3δPyID with a D-A structure. The radical showed pure red emission with PLQY of 77.

Synthesis and Fungicidal Activities of Coumarin Derivatives as Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have been developed to the fastest growing family of fungicides. To develop novel succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors, 27 novel non-amides coumarin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The bioassay revealed that most of the target compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea in vitro.

Use of carboxymethyl cellulose in polyurethane synthesis for thermal applications.

This research utilizes carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a renewable feedstock in polyurethane synthesis, offering improved thermal stability and potential for biomedical applications. In this study, a series of CMC-based polyurethanes was synthesized by using a step-growth polymerization reaction. The initial step involved the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) to prepare an isocyanate (-NCO) terminated prepolymer.

Sunflower-like self-sustainable plant-wearable sensing probe.

Powering and communicating with wearable devices on bio-interfaces is challenging due to strict weight, size, and resource constraints. This study presents a sunflower-like plant-wearable sensing device that harnesses solar energy, achieving complete energy self-sustainability for long-term monitoring of plant sap flow, a crucial indicator of plant health. It features foldable solar panels along with all essential flexible electronic components, resulting in a compact system that is lightweight enough for small plants.

[Carbon Emission Trajectory and Eco-environment Effects in the Aksu River Basin Based on Agriculture-town-ecological Space Changes].

Due to the expansion of artificial oases in these areas, scientific assessment of the carbon emission and eco-environment effects caused by changes in agriculture, towns, and ecological space is of great significance in grasping the carbon emission characteristics of various land use types, formulating land use emission reduction strategies, promoting the construction of ecological civilization, and optimizing the spatial pattern of the national territory. Based on land use data and socio-economic data, taking the inland river basin of the arid zone of the Xinjiang-Aksu River Basin as the research object, the carbon emission coefficient method was used to measure land-use carbon emissions, and spatial autocorrelation analysis and standard deviation ellipse were used to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics of carbon emissions from agriculture-town-ecological space in the Aksu River Basin. Based on the eco-environment quality index and ecological contribution rate, the impact of the agriculture-town-ecological space transformation on the eco-environment effects in the Aksu River Basin was explored.