Amorphous-crystalline RuTi nanosheets enhancing OH species adsorption for efficient hydrogen oxidation catalysis.

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells are a potentially cost-effective energy conversion technology, however, the electrocatalyst for the anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) suffers from sluggish kinetics under alkaline conditions. Herein, we report that Ru-based nanosheets with amorphous-crystalline heterointerfaces of Ru and Ti-doped RuO (a/c-Ru/Ti-RuO) can serve as a highly efficient HOR catalyst with a mass activity of 4.16 A mg, which is 19.

Frustrated Lewis pairs on pentacoordinated Al-enriched AlO promote heterolytic hydrogen activation and hydrogenation.

As an emerging class of metal-free catalysts, frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) catalysts have been greatly constructed and applied in many fields. Homogeneous FLPs have witnessed significant development, while limited heterogeneous FLPs catalysts are available. Herein, we report that heterogeneous FLPs on pentacoordinated Al-enriched AlO readily promote the heterolytic activation of H and thus hydrogenation catalysis.

Electrochemical cascade migratory -cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides.

Efficient control over several possible reaction pathways of free radicals is the chemical basis of their highly selective transformations. Among various competing reaction pathways, sulfonimidyl radicals generated from the electrolysis of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides undergo cascade migratory or -cyclization cyclization selectively. It is found that the incorporation of an extra 2-methyl substituent biases the selective migration of the acyl- over vinyl-linker of the key spirocyclic cation intermediate and thus serves as an enabling handle to achieve the synthetically interesting yet under-investigated cascade migratory cyclization of spirocyclic cations.

Construction of nanoparticle-on-mirror nanocavities and their applications in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy.

Plasmonic nanocavities exhibit exceptional capabilities in visualizing the internal structure of a single molecule at sub-nanometer resolution. Among these, an easily manufacturable nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) nanocavity is a successful and powerful platform for demonstrating various optical phenomena. Exciting advances in surface-enhanced spectroscopy using NPoM nanocavities have been developed and explored, including enhanced Raman, fluorescence, phosphorescence, upconversion, This perspective emphasizes the construction of NPoM nanocavities and their applications in achieving higher enhancement capabilities or spatial resolution in dark-field scattering spectroscopy and plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy.

Soluble GdCu clusters: effective molecular electrocatalysts for water oxidation.

The water oxidation half reaction in water splitting for hydrogen production is extremely rate-limiting. This study reports the synthesis of two heterometallic clusters (GdCu-IM and GdCu-AC) for application as efficient water oxidation catalysts. Interestingly, the maximum turnover frequency of GdCu-IM in an NaAc solution of a weak acid (pH 6) was 319 s.

Regulation of heterogeneous electron transfer reactivity by defect engineering through electrochemically induced brominating addition.

Enhancing the electrochemical activity of graphene holds great significance for expanding its applications in various electrochemistry fields. In this study, we have demonstrated a facile and quantitative approach for modulating the defect density of single-layer graphene (SLG) an electrochemically induced bromination process facilitated by cyclic voltammetry. This controlled defect engineering directly impacts the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rate of SLG.

[Muscone inhibits opening of mPTP to alleviate OGD/R-induced injury of HT22 cells].

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of muscone in inhibiting the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP) to alleviate the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)-induced injury of mouse hippocampal neurons(HT22). An in vitro model of HT22 cells injured by OGD/R was established. CCK-8 assay was employed to examine the viability of HT22 cells, fluorescence microscopy to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential, the content of reactive oxygen species(ROS), and the opening of mPTP in HT22 cells.

PtNi/PtIn-Skin Fishbone-Like Nanowires Boost Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysis.

The development of high-performance platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is highly desirable for hydrogen fuel cells, but it is limited by the sluggish kinetics and severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in alkaline medium. Herein, we explore a class of facet-selected Pt-nickel-indium fishbone-like nanowires (PtNiIn FNWs) featuring high-index facets (HIFs) of PtIn skin as efficient alkaline HOR catalysts. Impressively, the optimized PtNiIn FNWs show the highest mass and specific activities of 4.

Regulating the thickness of nanofiltration membranes for efficient water purification.

Fabrication of an organic polymer nanofiltration membrane with both high water permeability and high salt rejection is still a big challenge. Herein, phytic acid (PhA)-modified graphene oxide (GO) was used as the membrane thickness modifier, which was introduced into the thin-film nanoparticle composite (TFN) membrane interfacial polymerization (IP) on a porous substrate. The water flux of the optimally tuned TFN-GP-0.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for patients with heyde syndrome: A literature review of case reports.

Objective: A systematic review of international case reports of patients with Heyde syndrome (HS) treated by transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was conducted to explore the clinical characteristics of this group of patients and sirgical success. Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase and CNKI, were searched with combinations of the search terms, Heyde syndrome, gastrointestinal bleeding, aortic stenosis, angiodysplasia and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. All case reports were screened according to inclusion criteria, and HS patient data was summarized.

Direct observation of the dynamic reconstructed active phase of perovskite LaNiO for the oxygen-evolution reaction.

Ni-based transition metal oxides are promising oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to their abundance and high activity. Identification and manipulation of the chemical properties of the real active phase on the catalyst surface is crucial to improve the reaction kinetics and efficiency of the OER. Herein, we used electrochemical-scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) to directly observe structural dynamics during the OER on LaNiO (LNO) epitaxial thin films.

Organocatalytic intramolecular (4 + 2) annulation of enals with ynamides: atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral 7-aryl indolines.

Catalytic enantioselective transformation of alkynes has become a powerful tool for the synthesis of axially chiral molecules. Most of these atroposelective reactions of alkynes rely on transition-metal catalysis, and the organocatalytic approaches are largely limited to special alkynes which act as the precursors of Michael acceptors. Herein, we disclose an organocatalytic atroposelective intramolecular (4 + 2) annulation of enals with ynamides.

Molecular dynamic simulation reveals the molecular interactions of epidermal growth factor receptor with musk xylene are involved in the carcinogenicity.

Musk xylene (MX), a kind of personal care product, has become a new type of environmental contaminant in recent years. Long-term exposure to MX is associated with a variety of cancers, but the mechanism is still unclear. Meanwhile, our previous research showed that MX exposure could lead to malignant transformation of human liver cells L02 and up-regulation of multi genes which are involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Reshaping aromatic frameworks: expansion of aromatic system drives metallabenzenoids to metallapentalenes.

Reshaping an aromatic framework to generate other skeletons is a challenging issue due to the stabilization energy of aromaticity. Such reconfigurations of aromatics commonly generate non-aromatic products and hardly ever reshape to a different aromatic framework. Herein, we present the transformation of metallaindenols to metallapentalenes and metallaindenes in divergent pathways, converting one aromatic framework to another with an extension of the conjugation framework.

Revealing the interfacial water structure on a -nitrobenzoic acid specifically adsorbed Au(111) surface.

The detailed structure of the water layer in the inner Helmholtz plane of a solid/aqueous solution interface is closely related to the electrochemical and catalytic performances of electrode materials. While the applied potential can have a great impact, specifically adsorbed species can also influence the interfacial water structure. With the specific adsorption of -nitrobenzoic acid on the Au(111) surface, a protruding band above 3600 cm appears in the electrochemical infrared spectra, indicating a distinct interfacial water structure as compared to that on bare metal surfaces, which displays a potential-dependent broad band in the range of 3400-3500 cm.

Electrochemical regulation of the band gap of single layer graphene: from semimetal to semiconductor.

As a semimetal with a zero band gap and single-atom-scale thickness, single layer graphene (SLG) has excellent electron conductivity on its basal plane. If the band gap could be opened and regulated controllably, SLG would behave as a semiconductor. That means electronic elements or even electronic circuits with single-atom thickness could be expected to be printed on a wafer-scale SLG substrate, which would bring about a revolution in Moore's law of integrated circuits, not by decreasing the feature size of line width, but by piling up the atomic-scale-thickness of an SLG circuit board layer by layer.

An unprecedented route to achieve persistent 1-azirine.

1-azirine, a highly reactive, antiaromatic, and unstable tautomer of the aromatic, stable, and (sometimes) isolable 2-azirine, is stabilized, both thermodynamically and kinetically, an unprecedented route, where the latter serves as the precursor-exploiting electronic and steric elements. Our density functional theory results invite experimentalists to realize isolable 1-azirine.

Copper-catalyzed enantioselective diyne cyclization C(sp)-O bond cleavage.

The functionalization of etheric C-O bonds C-O bond cleavage is an attractive strategy for the construction of C-C and C-X bonds in organic synthesis. However, these reactions mainly involve C(sp)-O bond cleavage, and a catalyst-controlled highly enantioselective version is extremely challenging. Here, we report a copper-catalyzed asymmetric cascade cyclization C(sp)-O bond cleavage, allowing the divergent and atom-economic synthesis of a range of chromeno[3,4-]pyrroles bearing a triaryl oxa-quaternary carbon stereocenter in high yields and enantioselectivities.

Selection and evolution of disulfide-rich peptides cellular protein quality control.

Disulfide-rich peptides (DRPs) are an interesting and promising molecular format for drug discovery and development. However, the engineering and application of DRPs rely on the foldability of the peptides into specific structures with correct disulfide pairing, which strongly hinders the development of designed DRPs with randomly encoded sequences. Design or discovery of new DRPs with robust foldability would provide valuable scaffolds for developing peptide-based probes or therapeutics.

Modulating the electronic structure of atomically dispersed Fe-Pt dual-site catalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reactions.

Atomically dispersed catalysts, with a high atomic dispersion of active sites, are efficient electrocatalysts. However, their unique catalytic sites make it challenging to improve their catalytic activity further. In this study, an atomically dispersed Fe-Pt dual-site catalyst (FePtNC) has been designed as a high-activity catalyst by modulating the electronic structure between adjacent metal sites.

Promising transition metal decorated borophene catalyst for water splitting.

Borophene has been recently reported to be a promising catalyst for water splitting. However, as a newly synthesized two-dimensional material, there are several issues that remain to be explored. In the present study, we investigate the catalytic performance of three kinds of pristine and decorated borophenes using first-principles calculations.

Is Photocatalysis the Next Technology to Produce Green Hydrogen to Enable the Net Zero Emissions Goal?

Energy security concerns require novel greener and more sustainable processes, and Paris Agreement goals have put in motion several measures aligned with the 2050 roadmap strategies and net zero emission goals. Renewable energies are a promising alternative to existing infrastructures, with solar energy one of the most appealing due to its use of the overabundant natural source of energy. Photocatalysis as a simple heterogeneous surface catalytic reaction is well placed to enter the realm of scaling up processes for wide scale implementation.

Prolonged lifespan of initial-anode-free lithium-metal battery by pre-lithiation in Li-rich LiNiMnO spinel cathode.

Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AF-LMBs) can deliver the maximum energy density. However, achieving AF-LMBs with a long lifespan remains challenging because of the poor reversibility of Li plating/stripping on the anode. Here, coupled with a fluorine-containing electrolyte, we introduce a cathode pre-lithiation strategy to extend the lifespan of AF-LMBs.

Heterocyclic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of metalla-aromatics and mechanistic analysis of site selectivity.

Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is one of the most straightforward and versatile methods for the construction of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes but site-selective cross-coupling of polyhalogenated (hetero)arenes containing identical halogen substituents remains a challenging problem. Herein, we report a new candidate for heterocyclic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. This candidate has been applied in organometallic systems by combining classical aryl boronic acid reagents with non-classical heteroarenes.

Two-dimensional H- and F-BX (X = O, S, Se, and Te) photocatalysts with ultrawide bandgap and enhanced photocatalytic performance for water splitting.

We theoretically propose a type of monolayer structure, H- or F-BX (X = As, Sb; Y = P, As), produced by surface hydrogenation or fluorination, with high stability, large band structures and high light absorption for photocatalytic water splitting. Based on first-principles calculations with the HSE06 functional, the electronic properties and optical properties were explored to reveal their potential performance in semiconductor devices. Additionally, owing to the Janus structure and high electronegativity of the monolayers, our calculations showed that surface fluorination can easily create an internal electric field compared with surface hydrogenation, which results in different trends of increasing bandgaps in monolayer H- and F-BX.