Identification, quantification, and antidepressant-like evaluation of anthocyanin-rich extracts from different dietary berries.

Berries are highly valued for their rich phenolic content, particularly anthocyanins, which are known for their antioxidative properties and potential effectiveness against depression. This study identified and quantified anthocyanin profiles in blueberry, blackberry, black mulberry, and cranberry using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), followed by in vivo evaluation of their antidepressant-like activities. Blueberry and black mulberry showed significant levels of cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin.

Blueberry extract attenuates DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice through inhibiting ER stress-mediated colonic apoptosis in mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, debilitating condition with limited therapeutic options. Dietary components like blueberries have emerged as potential modulators of inflammation and tissue repair in gastrointestinal diseases. This study investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis mediated protective effects of blueberries in ameliorating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD.

Anthocyanins-rich cranberry extract attenuates DSS-induced IBD in an intestinal flora independent manner.

Cranberry is abundantly rich in anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid with potent antioxidant properties and the resistance against certain diseases. In this study, anthocyanin-rich cranberry extract was extracted, purified, and its components were analyzed. 92.

A real-world disproportionality analysis of cyclosporine from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent organ rejection in kidney, liver, and heart allogeneic transplants. This study aimed to assess the safety of cyclosporine through the analysis of adverse events (AEs) related to cyclosporine in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). To detect AEs associated with cyclosporine, a pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted using four algorithms on the FAERS database: reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM).

Role of ginsenoside Rb1 in attenuating depression-like symptoms through astrocytic and microglial complement C3 pathway.

Ginsenoside Rb1, known as gypenoside III, exerts antidepressant-like effects in previous studies. It has also been indicated that ginsenoside Rb1 regulated neuroinflammation via inhibiting NF-κB signaling. According to the evidence that astrocytes can regulate microglia and neuroinflammation by secreting complement C3, the present study aimed to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms underlying ginsenoside Rb1-induced antidepressant-like effects from the astrocytic and microglial complement C3 pathway.

Comprehensive biochemical analysis and nutritional evaluation of fatty acid and amino acid profiles in eight seahorse species ( spp.).

Seahorses are increasingly recognized for their nutritional potential, which underscores the necessity for comprehensive biochemical analyses. This study aims to investigate the fatty acid and amino acid compositions of eight seahorse species, including both genders of Hippocampus trimaculatus, Hippocampus kelloggi, Hippocampus abdominalis, and , to evaluate their nutritional value. We employed Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to analyze the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of the seahorse species.

Cassini-oval description of atomic binding: New insights into the quantitative relationship between hardness coefficient and bond energy energy.

In this paper, the research hypothesis of conservation of hardness coefficient is put forward, and a mathematical formula for describing and analyzing the relationship between hardness coefficient and bond energy is established in this model. The binding process of two heteronuclear atoms can be represented by Cassini oval in dynamic form, every molecular state corresponds to one of these graphs; then the critical phenomena of molecular deformation are discovered and the calculated potential energy at the critical point is consistent with the experimental dissociation energy of molecules (R is 0.99999, P < 0.

A real-world disproportionality analysis of Everolimus: data mining of the public version of FDA adverse event reporting system.

Everolimus is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin and is used to treat various tumors. The presented study aimed to evaluate the Everolimus-associated adverse events (AEs) through data mining of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). The AE records were selected by searching the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database from the first quarter of 2009 to the first quarter of 2022.

Immune characteristics of dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcomas and the reliability of regional samples in evaluating their tumor immune microenvironments.

Background: Tumor immunotherapy is a new treatment breakthrough for retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS), which is highly invasive and has few effective treatment options other than tumor resection. However, the heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) leads to missed clinical diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate whether the TIME of a certain part of the tumor reliably represents the whole tumor, particularly for very large tumors, such as RPLS.

Antibacterial mechanism of areca nut essential oils against by targeting the biofilm and the cell membrane.

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common and costly biofilm-dependent oral diseases in the world. is the major cariogenic pathogen of dental caries. synthesizes extracellular polysaccharides by autologous glucosyltransferases, which then promotes bacterial adhesion and cariogenic biofilm formation.

Yamogenin Exhibits Antidepressant-like Effects via Inhibition of ER Stress and Microglial Activation in LPS-Induced Mice.

Depression is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder that affects a significant number of individuals worldwide, and its pathophysiology encompasses a variety of mechanisms, including the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which has been correlated with depressive-like behaviors in animal models. Yamogenin, a bioactive compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine Dioscorea species, possesses diverse pharmacological properties. This investigation aimed to explore the antidepressant-like effects of yamogenin and the underlying mechanisms involved.

A real-world data analysis of acetylsalicylic acid in FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Background: Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), one of the oldest medicines, is widely used in various clinical fields. However, numerous adverse events (AEs) have been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of aspirin using real-worlddata from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

A real-world data analysis of topotecan in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to monitor and identify adverse events (AEs) associated with topotecan, a medication used for the treatment of solid tumors, in order to improve patient safety and guide medication usage.

Methods: To assess the disproportionality of topotecan-related AEs in real-world data, four algorithms (ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and EBGM) were employed as measures to detect signals of topotecan-associated AEs.

Results: A statistical analysis was conducted using data from the FAERS database, encompassing 9,511,161 case reports from 2004Q1 to 2021Q4.

Keratin19 promotes pancreatic cancer progression and poor prognosis via activating the Hedgehog pathway.

Pancreatic cancer is a serious threat to human health, with strong invasiveness, rapid progression and poor prognosis. Tumors expressing keratin 19 (K19) have stronger invasiveness and a worse prognosis. However, the role and mechanism of K19 in pancreatic cancer have remained largely elusive.

Inhibition of NLRP3 attenuates sodium dextran sulfate-induced inflammatory bowel disease through gut microbiota regulation.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, life-threatening inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tissue characterized by inflammation of the gut. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota is involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. However, it is unknown whether direct inhibition of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulates IBD and alters gut microbiota.

CY-09 Alleviates the Depression-like Behaviors via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice.

Depression is a serious mental illness, mainly characterized as large mood swings and sleep, diet, and cognitive function disorders. NLPR3, one of the inflammasomes that can be activated by a variety of stimuli to promote the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, has been considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. In this study, the putative role of CY-09, a selective and direct inhibitor of NLRP3, was evaluated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice.

Gut microbiota mediated inflammation, neuroendocrine and neurotrophic functions involved in the antidepressant-like effects of diosgenin in chronic restraint stress.

Background: Diosgenin is a well-known steroid saponin possessing neuroprotective activities. However, it is unknown whether diosgenin could alleviate depression-like symptoms.

Methods: The antidepressant-like effect of diosgenin was investigated in mice induced by chronic restraint stress.

Gypenoside XVII, an Active Ingredient from Gynostemma Pentaphyllum, Inhibits C3aR-Associated Synaptic Pruning in Stressed Mice.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a herbal medicine widely used in Asian countries, and its saponin extracts have been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory effects. Gypenoside XVII, an active ingredient isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has been found to alleviate the inflammation induced by LPS in the BV2 microglia, according to our preliminary study. This study aims to evaluate whether Gypenoside XVII could attenuate depression-like symptoms in vivo and tries to demonstrate the involvement of the complement regulation in its antidepressant-like effect.

IL-1R/C3aR signaling regulates synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex of depression.

Background: Major depressive disorder is characterized by not only monoamine neurotransmitters deficiencies but also persistent neuroinflammation. The complement system is an attractive therapeutic target for various inflammation-related diseases due to its early activation in inflammatory processes.

Results: In the present study, the dynamic alteration of complement C3 and its receptor C3aR during the occurrence of depression and the mechanism of astrocyte-microglia IL-1R/C3/C3aR on synaptic pruning were investigated.

Inhibition of Microglial NLRP3 with MCC950 Attenuates Microglial Morphology and NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β Signaling In Stress-induced Mice.

Major depressive disorder is characterized by the deficiencies of monoamine neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors and persistent neuroinflammation. Microglial activation has been associated with neuroinflammation-related mental diseases, accompanied by NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Here, we investigated the effect of NLRP3 inhibition by its small molecular inhibitor MCC950 on inflammatory activity and depressive-like mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), followed by the behavioral tests including sucrose preference test and forced swimming test.

Anti-fatigue effect of hypericin in a chronic forced exercise mouse model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Hypericum perforatum L. is a traditional Chinese medicine used to sooth the liver, relieve depression, reduce body temperature, reduce sweating, and stimulate lactation. HP was extracted from Hypericum perforatum L.

Berberine administrated with different routes attenuates inhaled LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome through TLR4/NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 inhibition.

Accumulating evidence showed that berberine possessed the anti-inflammatory action in various diseases caused by inflammation. However, it was still unclear whether both inhalation and injection with berberine produced pulmonary protective role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of both administration routes including inhalation and injection with berberine in ARDS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation.