Facile synthesis of Ir-based high-entropy alloy nanomaterials for efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis.

High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst to overcome the existing issues of the sluggish reaction kinetics and poor stability. In this study, IrRuCoCuNi HEA three-dimensional-nanoframeworks (3DNF) are prepared using a scalable approach-the spray-drying technique combined with thermal decomposition reduction (SD-TDR). The optimized catalyst, IrRuCoCuNi, demonstrates superior OER performance, with an overpotential of 264 mV at 10 mA cm and a Tafel slope of 47 mV dec, considerably surpassing the catalytic activity of commercial IrO.

First-principles investigation of the photocatalytic properties of two-dimensional CdO/ZrSSe heterojunctions.

Two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction materials have demonstrated significant potential for photocatalytic water splitting in hydrogen production, owing to their distinct electronic and optical properties. Among these materials, direct Z-scheme heterojunctions have attracted considerable attention in recent research. In this study, a novel CdO/ZrSSe heterojunction is designed using first-principles calculations.

Ecological and environmental effects of global photovoltaic power plants: A meta-analysis.

The construction of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) globally not only mitigates climate change but also exerts various impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. A comprehensive exploration of the intensity of PVPPs on the ecological environmental elements of terrestrial ecosystems, as well as their regulatory mechanisms, is an urgent scientific issue that must be addressed within the context of carbon balance. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the soil, climate, and biological effects of PVPPs construction, as well as changes in ecosystem CO fluxes.

Monitoring and assessment of desertification reversal in ecologically fragile areas: A case study of the Mu Us Sandy Land.

Desertification is a major obstacle to global sustainable development, and effective monitoring and understanding of its driving factors are crucial to the realization of sustainable development. Driven by national policies, the Mu Us Sandy Land has effectively reversed desertification, showing multiple win-win results in ecological, economic and social benefits. However, due to the lack of long-term continuous dynamic monitoring data, its dynamic development pattern and multidimensional driving factors are still controversial.

Multiphase Janus Azobenzene Inverse Opal Membrane toward On-Demand Photocontrolled Motion.

Azobenzene actuators have generated extensive research investment in the field of soft robots, artificial muscles, etc., based on the typical photoresponsive - isomerization. However, it remains challenging to achieve multiphase actuation at the gas-liquid interface and liquid phase.

Functionalized Bone Implant Inspired by Lattice Defense Strategy: Grid Management, Precise and Effective Multiple-Prevention of Osteomyelitis Recurrence and Promote Bone Regeneration.

Osteomyelitis with a high recurrence rate. Timely-prevention can avoid severe consequence and death. However, conventional drug response-release has the disadvantages of unnecessary release and waste, causing ineffective prevention.

HDCTfusion: Hybrid Dual-Branch Network Based on CNN and Transformer for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion.

The purpose of infrared and visible image fusion is to combine the advantages of both and generate a fused image that contains target information and has rich details and contrast. However, existing fusion algorithms often overlook the importance of incorporating both local and global feature extraction, leading to missing key information in the fused image. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a dual-branch fusion network combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and Transformer, which enhances the feature extraction capability and motivates the fused image to contain more information.

Abnormal-Sound Diagnosis for Kaplan Hydroelectric Generating Units Based on Continuous Wavelet Transform and Transfer Learning.

To realize abnormal-sound diagnosis in hydroelectric generating units, this study proposes a method based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and Transfer Learning (TL). A denoising algorithm utilizing spectral noise-gate technology is proposed to enhance fault characteristics in hydroelectric units. Subsequently, Continuous Wavelet Transform is applied to obtain frequency components, and the results are converted into a series of pseudo-color images to highlight information differences.

Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Resin Composite Films.

In this paper, we prepared carbon nanotube (CNT) epoxy composite films and conducted tensile experiments at various temperatures (-40 °C, -10 °C, 20 °C, and 50 °C) and frequencies (1 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz) using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). This study reveals the effects of temperature and frequency on the mechanical properties of CNT films and CNT epoxy composite films. The results indicate that the energy storage modulus of the pure CNT film is approximately 13 times greater than that of the composite material at 20 °C.

An Environmentally Friendly Superhydrophobic Wood Sponge with Photo/Electrothermal Effects Prepared from Natural Wood for All-Weather High-Viscosity Oil-Water Separation.

Rapid industrial development has led to increased crude oil extraction and oily wastewater discharge. Achieving oil-water separation and marine oil adsorption in a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly manner remains a global challenge. In this work, natural wood was chemically treated to prepare a degradable and environmentally friendly wood sponge structure.

Mechanisms of anthraquinone dye Vat Blue 4 biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa WYT and genotoxicity assessment of its transformation products.

Dye biodegradation products may cause genotoxicity, raising concerns about the safety of bioremediated water. The underlying biotransformation mechanism and related genotoxicity during anthraquinone degradation remain unclear. In this study, we employed Pseudomonas aeruginosa WYT (PaWYT) to investigate the biotransformation of Vat Blue 4 (VB4), a dye with a typical anthraquinone structure and low bioavailability.

Pt@WS Mott-Schottky Heterojunction Boosts Light-Driven Active Ion Transport for Enhanced Ionic Power Harvesting.

Bioinspired light-driven ion transport in two-dimensional (2D) nanofluidics offers exciting prospects for solar energy harvesting. Current single-component nanofluidic membranes often suffer from low light-induced driving forces due to the easy recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Herein, we present a Pt@WS Mott-Schottky heterojunction-based 2D nanofluidic membrane for boosting light-driven active ion transport and solar enhanced ionic power harvesting.

Low-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries Achieved by Synergistically Enhanced Screening Li Desolvation Kinetics.

Lithium metal anode is desired by high capacity and low potential toward higher energy density than commercial graphite anode. However, the low-temperature Li metal batteries suffer from dendrite formation and dead Li resulting from uneven Li behaviors of flux with huge desolvation/diffusion barriers, thus leading to short lifespan and safety concern. Herein, differing from electrolyte engineering, a strategy of delocalizing electrons with generating rich active sites to regulate Li desolvation/diffusion behaviors are demonstrated via decorating polar chemical groups on porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

SaTDT enhanced plant tolerance to NaCl stress by modulating the levels of malic acid and citric acid in cells.

The issue of soil salinization is a global concern that significantly impairs crop productivity, quality, and distribution. Tonoplast Dicarboxylate Transporter (TDT) is a pivotal malic acid transporter localized on the vacuolar membrane, involving in maintaining intracellular pH homeostasis in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways underlying plant salt tolerance through TDT remain elusive.

Proton Storage Chemistry in Aqueous Zinc-Inorganic Batteries with Moderate Electrolytes.

The proton (H) has been proved to be another important energy storage ion besides Zn in aqueous zinc-inorganic batteries with moderate electrolytes. H storage usually possesses better thermodynamics and reaction kinetics than Zn, and is found to be an important addition for Zn storage. Thus, understanding, characterizing, and modulating H storage in inorganic cathode materials is particularly important.

Edge computing resource scheduling method based on container elastic scaling.

Edge computing is a crucial technology to solve the problem of computing resources and bandwidth required for extensive edge data processing, as well as for meeting the real-time demands of applications. Container virtualization technology has become the underlying technical basis for edge computing due to its efficient performance. Because the traditional container scaling strategy has issues such as long response times, low resource utilization, and unpredictable container application loads, this article proposes a method for scheduling edge computing resources based on the elastic scaling of containers.

Research on the relationships between river erosion and sedimentation and energy loss in the Yangtze River Basin of China.

River scour and siltation, inherently prolonged and multifaceted phenomena, profoundly impact the hydraulic conductivity and navigational safety of waterways, thereby rendering the precise forecasting of their fluctuations a paramount and unresolved challenge. This study embarks on a novel investigative trajectory by examining energy dissipation in rivers, specifically through the scrutiny of empirical hydrological records. Employing the principles of energy balance theory, this study elucidates the intricate connection between energy losses and sedimentation volumes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and at its confluence with the significant tributary, the Jialing River.

Orbital angular momentum multiplexing holography based on multiple polarization channel metasurface.

As a high-degree-of-freedom approach to manipulate the electromagnetic wave, metasurfaces are widely used in high-capacity information technology. Extensive investigations have explored multiplexing techniques using polarization, incident angle, wavelength, and infinite-dimensional multiplexing through Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). However, due to the limited spatial resolution and array size of the metasurface, the number of multiplexing channels that can be actually realized is limited.

[Spatial Characteristics and Driving Factors of Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation in the Upper and Middle Yellow River Basin].

The Net Primary Productivity （NPP） of vegetation plays a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems, and a detailed investigation into the annual average NPP and its driving factors is of significant importance for promoting regional ecological construction and sustainable development. This research utilized MOD17A3 annual average NPP data from 2000 to 2020 and employed methods such as trend analysis, Hurst index, random forest model, partial dependence model, geographic weighted regression, and partial least squares-structural equation model （PLS-SEM） to analyze the annual variation characteristics of NPP and its relationship with driving factors in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. The results showed： ① During the period from 2000 to 2020, the annual average NPP in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River generally exhibited a year-on-year increasing trend, with 79.

Nanosurface-Reconstructed Fuel Electrode by Selective Etching for Highly Efficient and Stable Solid Oxide Cells.

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are promising energy-conversion devices due to their high efficiency under flexible operational modes. Yet, the sluggish kinetics of fuel electrodes remain a major obstacle to their practical applications. Since the electrochemically active region only extends a few micrometers, manipulating surface architecture is vital to endow highly efficient and stable fuel electrodes for SOCs.

Key point of desert riparian forest development in the arid area: The response of phreatic water table depth to ecological water supply.

Desert riparian forest vegetation maintains the fragile balance of ecosystems in extreme arid areas. Raising the phreatic water table through efficient ecological water supply is the key to the desert riparian forests in extreme arid areas. The main objective of this study is to explore an innovative framework in which the response of phreatic water table depth (PWTD) to ecological water supply flow (EWSF) can be effectively reflected.

Performance evaluation of irrigation outlets with physical model study in Indus basin irrigation system of Pakistan.

The efficiency of water distribution at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) has historically suffered due to poor design, suboptimal operation, and water scarcity. To address these issues, the system has been designed with ungated irrigation outlets to ensure equitable water allocation at secondary and tertiary levels. This research evaluates the hydraulic performance of three irrigation outlets: adjustable proportional module (APM), adjustable orifice semi-module (AOSM), and open flume (OF) using a physical model study.

Aliphatic-acid coating and nano chitosan nucleator synergistically regulate the performance of PMMA "bone-Locking" foam dressing used for emergency fixation of clavicle fracture.

Clavicle emergency fixation can prevent fractured end from piercing heart and lung organs, which is crucial for wounded life. Clavicle with complex structure, great individual differences, and adjacent to important organs, which places high-requirements on performance of fixation materials. Developing advanced clavicle fixation material is a prominent hot-topic in the field of emergency-engineering.