Surface Doping to Suppress Iodine Ion Migration for Stable FAPbI Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells.

Formamidine lead iodide (FAPbI) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great attention as a new generation of photovoltaic material due to their long carrier diffusion length, benign ambient stability, and light-harvesting ability. However, its large surface area with inherent thermodynamic instability and highly defective ionic termination are still major obstacles to fabricating high-performance devices. Herein, a metallic ion dopant is developed to post-treat FAPbI QDs immediately after their fabrication by using a metal-glutamate salt solution.

Comparison of activated sludge and virus interactions in aerobic and anaerobic membrane bioreactors.

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are effective sewage treatment technologies, yet the differences in virus removal efficiency between aerobic (AeMBR) and anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR), remain inadequately understood. This study compared the virus removal efficiency of AeMBR and AnMBR, focusing on the interactions between aerobic (AeS) and anaerobic (AnS) activated sludge and viruses in the sewage treatment process. Results showed average log removal values (LRVs) for MS2 of 2.

Mitochondrial transplantation reconstructs the oxidative microenvironment within fibroblasts to reverse photoaging.

Fibroblast-mediated oxidative stress is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of skin photoaging, predominantly induced by UVA radiation. Diverging from traditional strategies that concentrate on the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the present study implements mitochondrial transplantation as an innovative therapeutic approach. The objective of this study is to reestablish the oxidative microenvironment and to effectively rejuvenate cellular functionality through the direct introduction of healthy and vibrant mitochondria.

Identifying influential nodes in brain networks via self-supervised graph-transformer.

Background: Studying influential nodes (I-nodes) in brain networks is of great significance in the field of brain imaging. Most existing studies consider brain connectivity hubs as I-nodes such as the regions of high centrality or rich-club organization. However, this approach relies heavily on prior knowledge from graph theory, which may overlook the intrinsic characteristics of the brain network, especially when its architecture is not fully understood.

Correction method of Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion for rock based on freeze-thaw and residual effects.

Under confining pressure, rocks transition from brittle failure to plastic failure, and residual strength exists after complete failure. However, in the process of establishing rock damage constitutive models, the strength criteria used usually do not consider residual stress. In cold region engineering, the freeze-thaw effect caused by temperature changes should be considered in the constitutive model, and strength criteria should also be introduced.

Theoretical analysis of additional surrounding rock pressure in shallow buried bias tunnel.

The existing calculation method for the surrounding rock pressure of shallow buried bias tunnel fails to account for the impact of the progressive failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and slope creep, thereby neglecting the additional pressure arising from slope creep. Therefore, the progressive instability failure mode of the surrounding rock of shallow buried bias tunnel was obtained by numerical simulation. Based on this, the theoretical analysis model of the additional pressure of shallow buried bias tunnel was established, and the calculation formula of the additional pressure was derived.

Multiscale analysis of CO adsorption mechanisms on porous carbon: An investigation into the impact of intrinsic defects and pore size.

Porous carbon adsorption represents a critical component of CCUS technologies, with microporous structures playing an essential role in CO capture. The preparation of porous carbon introduces intrinsic defects, making it essential to consider both pore size and these defects for a comprehensive understanding of the CO adsorption mechanism. This study investigates the mechanisms of CO adsorption influenced by intrinsic defects and pore size using multiscale methods, incorporating experimental validation, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations, and Density Functional Theory simulations.

Caterpillar-Inspired Multi-Gait Generation Method for Series-Parallel Hybrid Segmented Robot.

The body structures and motion stability of worm-like and snake-like robots have garnered significant research interest. Recently, innovative serial-parallel hybrid segmented robots have emerged as a fundamental platform for a wide range of motion modes. To address the hyper-redundancy characteristics of these hybrid structures, we propose a novel caterpillar-inspired Stable Segment Update (SSU) gait generation approach, establishing a unified framework for multi-segment robot gait generation.

Spatial variations of soil seed banks in Shanghai's urban wasteland: a gradient analysis of urbanization effects.

Urbanization greatly impacts both the diversity of soil seed banks and the spatial dynamics of species. These seed banks serve as a window into the ecological history and potential for recovery in urban wastelands, which are continually evolving due to urbanization. In this study, we selected 24 plots along urban-rural gradients in Shanghai, China.

Personalized Vascularized Tumor Organoid-on-a-Chip for Tumor Metastasis and Therapeutic Targeting Assessment.

While tumor organoids have revolutionized cancer research by recapitulating the cellular architecture and behaviors of real tumors in vitro, their lack of functional vasculature hinders their attainment of full physiological capabilities. Current efforts to vascularize organoids are struggling to achieve well-defined vascular networks, mimicking the intricate hierarchy observed in vivo, which restricts the physiological relevance particularly for studying tumor progression and response to therapies targeting the tumor vasculature. An innovative vascularized patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs)-on-a-chip with hierarchical, tumor-specific microvasculature is presented, providing a versatile platform to explore tumor-vascular dynamics and antivascular drug efficacy.

Induce (101) plane exposure boosting photocatalytic CO reduction in aerobic environment for NH-MIL-125.

NH-MIL-125 with abundant porosity and specific interactions with CO molecules, has been demonstrate great potential in the field of photocatalytic CO reduction. However, conventional NH-MIL-125 and their composites much lower CO photoreduction efficiency in aerobic environments because of the O competition. To circumvent the issue, this study modifies NH-MIL-125 through crystal facet engineering to enhance its selective CO adsorption and photocatalytic efficiency in the environment of impurity CO.

[Analysis of the Impact of Waste Classification on Carbon Emission Reduction of Waste Treatment in Urban-Rural Integration Mode： A Case Study of Baoji City].

Domestic waste treatment is an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and it is of great significance to clarify the carbon emission intensity of each link before and after waste classification treatment to help with the "double carbon" goal. Based on the relevant data on domestic waste generation in Baoji City in 2021, combined with the integrated urban and rural domestic waste disposal model, the carbon emission intensity of urban and rural domestic waste treatment before and after classification was calculated using the IPCC inventory guide carbon emission factor method. The results showed that by reducing the proportion of simple landfills in rural areas, the carbon reduction could reach 59 451.

Adsorption and catalytic oxidation removal of Mn by MnO with different crystal structures: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism.

This study investigates the impact of MnO crystal structures on Mn removal in drinking water for the first time. α-, γ-, and δ-MnO phases were synthesized, showing a removal process involving adsorption (Mn was adsorbed as the state of Mn(OH)), saturation, and catalytic oxidation. The adsorption capacity followed δ- > γ- > α-MnO, aligning with the Mn oxidation state.

Study on the stability of waste rock filling in goaf based on dynamic comprehensive analysis method.

The restoration and treatment of underground voids have always posed significant challenges for constructing environmentally sustainable mines. To investigate the effectiveness of a combined approach involving waste rock filling and grouting roof filling as treatment methods to ensure safety and stability in mining voids, this study employed a comprehensive dynamic analysis approach. It specifically focused on an individual underground metal mine cavity by integrating numerical simulation analysis techniques with onsite displacement monitoring methods.

Salinity stress and recovery of the algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) system under the influence of different N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs).

The algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) system was established to explore the effect of 1% salinity condition, determine the recovery process following salinity disturbance, and probe the impacts of two N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) on the system. Exposure to 1% salinity led to the reduction of filaments and an increase in TB-EPS contents within the ABGS system. The phosphorus removal performance of the ABGS system severely decreased at 1% salinity and did not restore fully during the subsequent recovery stage, demonstrating that salinity stress induced long-term inhibition.

A simulation study on the process design and optimization pressure swing separation of azeotropic mixture methanol and toluene.

Pressure Swing Distillation (PSD) is the only advanced technology that does not require the addition of third components to the system to enhance the separation of azeotropic mixtures. It outperforms homogeneous distillation for separating pressure-sensitive azeotropic mixtures. In this study, we aimed to separate methanol and toluene using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) and Aspen Plus thermodynamic calculation models to simulate a binary homogeneous azeotropic system.

Experimental Study and Hydration Mechanism Analysis of Geopolymer Multielement Net Slurry Self-Leveling Slurry Material.

In this project, cement-based composites reinforced with slag powder (abbreviated as SP), steel slag powder (abbreviated as SSP), and desulfurization gypsum (abbreviated as FGD) were used as the research objects, and the preparation, mechanical properties, and strengthening mechanism of the composites were systematically studied. A laser particle analyzer (Malvern Instruments Analysis) was used to determine that the particle sizes of the raw SSP, SP, and FGD materials were concentrated between 5 and 40 μm, indicating that they were fine-grained minerals. SSP and SP are highly active alkaline substances.

Synaptic plasticity: from chimera states to synchronicity oscillations in multilayer neural networks.

This research scrutinizes the simultaneous evolution of each layer within a multilayered complex neural network and elucidates the effect of synaptic plasticity on inter-layer dynamics. In the absence of synaptic plasticity, a predominant feedforward effect is observed, resulting in the manifestation of complete synchrony in deep networks, with each layer assuming a chimera state. A significant increase in the number of synchronized neurons is observed as the layers augment, culminating in complete synchronization in the deeper sections.

3D bioprinting of the airways and lungs for applications in tissue engineering and in vitro models.

Tissue engineering and in vitro modeling of the airways and lungs in the respiratory system are of substantial research and clinical importance. In vitro airway and lung models aim to improve treatment options for airway and lung repair and advance respiratory pathophysiological research. The construction of biomimetic native airways and lungs with tissue-specific biological, mechanical, and configurable features remains challenging.

Shifting CH/CO Adsorption and Separation in Pillar-Layered Metal-Organic Frameworks Finely-Regulated by Molecular Rotation.

The efficient separation of C₂H₂/CO₂ mixture is crucial for industrial applications.  A promising strategy is proposed herein to fine-tune the C₂H₂/CO adsorption and separation by pillar-layered metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents via molecular rotation. Keeping the same ultramicroporous architecture, three Zn-X-TRZ (TRZ = 1,2,4-triazole) adsorbents are prepared with X-pillar rotors varying from 9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acid (ADC), 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDC) to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC).

Suspended sediment (SPS) triggers nitrogen retention by altering microbial network stability and electron transport behavior during the aerobic-anoxic transition.

NO-N transformation, the vital biological process, determines nitrogen removal and retention in aquatic environment. Suspended sediment (SPS) ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems can accelerate the transitions from aerobic to anoxic states, inevitably impacting NO-N transformation. To elaborate on the microbial mechanism by which SPS content affected NO-N transformation, we explored nitrogen removal and retention, microbial communities, co-occurrence networks, and electron transfer behavior under different SPS content during the aerobic-anoxic transition.

Real-Time Detection of Dynamic Restructuring in KNiFe F Perovskite Fluorides for Enhanced Water Oxidation.

Mechanistic understanding of how electrode-electrolyte interfaces evolve dynamically is crucial for advancing water-electrolysis technology, especially the restructuring of catalyst surface during complex electrocatalytic reactions. However, for perovskite fluorides, the mechanistic exploration for the influence of the dynamic restructuring on their chemical property and catalytic mechanism is unclear due to their poor conductivity that makes the definition of electrocatalyst structure difficult. Herein, for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), various operando characterizations are employed to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the KNiFe F@NF.

Multidirectional Sliding Ferroelectricity of Rhombohedral-Stacked InSe for Reconfigurable Photovoltaics and Imaging Applications.

Through the stacking technique of 2D materials, the interfacial polarization can be switched by an interlayer sliding, known as sliding ferroelectricity, which is advantageous in ultra-thin thickness, high switching speed, and high fatigue resistance. However, uncovering the relationship between the sliding path and the polarization state in rhombohedral-stacked materials remains a challenge, which is the key to 2D sliding ferroelectricity. Here, layer-dependent multidirectional sliding ferroelectricity in rhombohedral-stacked InSe (γ-InSe) is reported via dual-frequency resonance tracking piezoresponse force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy.

MSA-MaxNet: Multi-Scale Attention Enhanced Multi-Axis Vision Transformer Network for Medical Image Segmentation.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are well established in handling local features in visual tasks; yet, they falter in managing complex spatial relationships and long-range dependencies that are crucial for medical image segmentation, particularly in identifying pathological changes. While vision transformer (ViT) excels in addressing long-range dependencies, their ability to leverage local features remains inadequate. Recent ViT variants have merged CNNs to improve feature representation and segmentation outcomes, yet challenges with limited receptive fields and precise feature representation persist.