6,877 results match your criteria: "Xeroderma Pigmentosum"

Article Synopsis
  • Genomic instability disorders involve DNA or chromosomal issues that can lead to developmental problems, immunodeficiency, and a higher likelihood of childhood cancers, along with extreme sensitivity to cancer treatments.
  • The American Association of Cancer Research held a workshop in July 2023, where experts discussed updated guidelines for managing and monitoring children at risk for cancer due to these disorders.
  • The article emphasizes the need to identify children with genomic instability disorders for accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and informed decisions regarding cancer screening and treatment options.
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Article Synopsis
  • A 50-year-old male with extensive eye condition was diagnosed with presumed xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and grade 2 foveal hypoplasia after ophthalmologic and dermatology evaluations.
  • Optical coherence tomography confirmed the foveal hypoplasia, and the patient underwent genetic testing due to the rarity of these two conditions occurring together.
  • The genetic testing revealed mutations in several genes, particularly noting the link of the LYST gene to foveal hypoplasia, contributing to the understanding of this unusual case.
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Treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in an Indian rural facility: a study of 38 eyes.

BMC Ophthalmol

September 2024

The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer (AA, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, NG, SK, Telangana, India.

Article Synopsis
  • * Most patients were middle-aged males (average age of 46), with the common type being placoid OSSN and the limbus as the common location; 95% achieved complete tumor resolution after an average of 2 treatment cycles, although recurrence occurred in 8% of cases.
  • * The findings indicate that using 1% 5FU for OSSN is effective and manageable even in lower-resource settings
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Synchronous multiple primary malignancies or transdifferentiation?-A diagnostic challenge in a case of Xeroderma pigmentosum.

Indian J Pathol Microbiol

September 2024

Department of Pathology, Dr. Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dayananda Sagar University, Ramanagara, Karnataka, India.

Article Synopsis
  • The case discusses synchronous tumors in a patient with Xeroderma pigmentosum, highlighting a melanoma on the scalp and an angiosarcoma on the cheek that appeared similar histologically.
  • Melanin presence in the angiosarcoma raised concerns about a potential transdifferentiation from melanoma, but immunohistochemistry tests ruled this out.
  • The study emphasizes how the unique morphology of the tumors helped clarify the diagnosis, as non-cutaneous cancers are rare in patients with Xeroderma pigmentosum.
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Bioinformatics analysis of ERCC family in pan-cancer and ERCC2 in bladder cancer.

Front Immunol

August 2024

Department of Urology, The affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.

Article Synopsis
  • SNPs in DNA repair genes can disrupt protein function, leading to genetic instability and a higher risk of cancer, specifically linking the ERCC family to nucleotide excision repair and its implications for tumor prognosis.
  • Utilizing bioinformatics analysis across 33 cancer types, the study found significant correlations between ERCC gene expression levels and patient prognosis, as well as drug sensitivity, affirming the role of ERCC2 in bladder cancer through laboratory assays.
  • The findings suggest that ERCC2 plays a crucial role in bladder cancer development and progression, thus presenting it as a potential target for therapeutic strategies and further research in the context of cancer treatment.
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Cell cycle arrest combined with CDK1 inhibition suppresses genome-wide mutations by activating alternative DNA repair genes during genome editing.

J Biol Chem

September 2024

Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; Faculty of Food and Health Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Cells can repair mutations naturally, but the impact of CRISPR/Cas9-induced DNA breaks on these processes isn't well understood.
  • In this study using TSCE5 cells, researchers inserted target sites for gRNA/Cas9 and I-SceI to disrupt the TK gene, leading to a significant increase in mutations after CRISPR editing.
  • Findings revealed that CRISPR/Cas9 editing led to 859 mutations, including severe variants, and identified new DNA repair pathways activated under specific cell cycle conditions.
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Genomic patterns of somatic mutations provide new prognostic, therapeutic, and biological insights in cancer.

Cell Genom

August 2024

The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • - The study examines how mutations in bladder cancer can reveal the cancer's molecular characteristics and help predict outcomes and treatment options.
  • - Barbour et al. focus on the ERCC2 gene to gain a deeper understanding of its biological role in bladder cancer.
  • - The research aims to create new tools for predicting patient prognosis based on mutational patterns found in cancer samples.
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Article Synopsis
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare skin condition caused by a genetic failure in repairing DNA damage, leading to increased sensitivity to sunlight.
  • Erythropoietic protoporphyria is a rare metabolic disorder that affects heme production and can cause skin issues and other symptoms.
  • The report presents a unique case of a young Chinese patient who has both conditions, arising from specific genetic mutations, including a frameshift mutation and a splicing mutation in associated genes.
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Article Synopsis
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder that significantly increases the risk of skin cancer, particularly basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), yet there is limited research on its dermoscopic and confocal microscopy findings.
  • A study analyzed dermoscopic features of 32 BCCs in XP patients, finding that most tumors were pigmented and displayed specific patterns, such as grey-blue globules and various vascular structures.
  • Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) proved helpful in distinguishing pigmented BCCs from other skin tumors like melanoma, suggesting its utility alongside dermoscopy for early diagnosis in XP patients.
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Article Synopsis
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to repair damage caused by UV radiation, leading to severe skin issues and increased risk of cancers.
  • A case study of a 4-year-old girl from North India highlights the disorder's impact, showing she developed squamous cell carcinoma and significant facial disfigurement.
  • The report emphasizes that while xeroderma pigmentosum is known, its prevalence in northern India is uncommon and points out the concerning early onset of skin cancer in this young patient.
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Article Synopsis
  • Prostate cancer diagnosis in Bangladesh is low due to lack of awareness and screening, causing high mortality rates, leading researchers to evaluate specific genetic markers for risk assessment.
  • The study analyzed 132 prostate cancer patients and 135 healthy controls, finding that the XRCC1 Trp/Trp genotype is linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer, while no significant risk was associated with the XPD variant.
  • The results indicate that XRCC1 could serve as a potential biomarker for early prostate cancer diagnosis, highlighting the need for improved screening methods in Bangladesh.
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Diseases with oral malignant potential: Need for change to inform research, policy, and practice.

J Oral Pathol Med

September 2024

Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Article Synopsis
  • The manuscript critiques the existing classification of oral potentially malignant disorders, arguing that labeling many cases as precancerous is misleading since most do not progress to oral cancer.
  • It calls for a reclassification system that better reflects the actual risk of malignancy and proposes new categories for different levels of risk, including Oral Precancerous Diseases and Systemic Conditions with Oral Malignant Potential.
  • The authors aim to improve diagnostic and management strategies, reducing overdiagnosis and the associated burden on patients, while providing practical examples for research and clinical application.
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ERCC2 mutations alter the genomic distribution pattern of somatic mutations and are independently prognostic in bladder cancer.

Cell Genom

August 2024

School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Excision repair cross-complementation group 2 (ERCC2) is key for DNA repair, and mutations in this gene are found in about 10% of bladder cancer cases, potentially indicating how well patients respond to cisplatin therapy.
  • * In a study, mutations in ERCC2 were found to independently predict prognosis for bladder cancer and significantly change the mutation patterns in the genome, leading to specific mutation hotspots.
  • * Researchers used these findings to create a machine learning model that may help predict harmful ERCC2 mutations, aiming to improve treatment strategies for bladder cancer patients.
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Article Synopsis
  • Ovarian cancer (OC) has a high mortality rate, particularly in advanced stages, so understanding genetic factors is important for prevention and treatment; this study focuses on the roles of two DNA repair-related genes, XPC and DDB2, in OC susceptibility.
  • The study examined genetic variations in XPC rs2228001 and DDB2 rs830083 among 103 OC patients and 104 control subjects from Turkey, utilizing a PCR genotyping method.
  • Results indicated that certain genotypes of XPC and DDB2 are linked to either reduced or increased risk of developing OC, highlighting the significance of DNA repair systems in the disease and suggesting the need for more extensive research
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Sequential post-translational modifications regulate damaged DNA-binding protein DDB2 function.

J Biochem

September 2024

Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • * The study focuses on DDB2, a protein that recognizes DNA damage in the NER process, and reveals that it undergoes SUMOylation—an important post-translational modification—after UV exposure, although its exact functions were previously unclear.
  • * Research found that a specific region in DDB2's N-terminal tail is crucial for SUMOylation, enhancing its ubiquitination and facilitating the effective repair of DNA, indicating that proper modifications to DDB2 play a significant role in NER efficiency.
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Article Synopsis
  • * XPA is a key protein in NER, involved in later stages of the repair process, and works alongside the FEN1 enzyme, which is essential for completing newly synthesized DNA strands and also plays a role in base excision repair.
  • * Research shows that XPA and FEN1 can form complexes both with and without DNA present, suggesting they interact directly; however, XPA appears to slightly reduce FEN1's activity, indicating a regulatory role in DNA repair processes.
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Article Synopsis
  • Trichothiodystrophy-1 (TTD1) is an autosomal-recessive disease linked to mutations in a gene important for DNA repair and transcription, leading to increased susceptibility to infections in affected patients.
  • The study examined the immune system and DNA repair capabilities of three TTD1 patients, revealing issues such as low antibody responses, problems with B-cell proliferation, and accumulation of DNA damage markers.
  • Findings indicated that TTD1 is associated with antibody deficiencies due to impaired B-cell development and function, confirming the impact of new mutations on the immune system.
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Background And Aim: Cancer cell's innate chemotherapeutic resistance continues to be an obstacle in molecular oncology. This theory is firmly tied to the cancer cells' integral DNA repair mechanisms continuously neutralizing the effects of chemotherapy. Amidst these mechanisms, the nuclear excision repair pathway is crucial in renovating DNA lesions prompted by agents like Cisplatin.

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Article Synopsis
  • Voriconazole (VOR), an anti-fungal drug, can cause phototoxicity and skin cancer by impairing the DNA repair process known as nucleotide excision repair (NER).
  • VOR affects NER not by changing the expression of related genes but by binding to heterochromatin, disrupting the acetylation of histone H3, which is necessary for effective DNA repair.
  • Using histone deacetylase inhibitors to restore H3 acetylation can reverse the NER inhibition caused by VOR, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent its harmful effects.
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Revealing the UV response of melanocytes in xeroderma pigmentosum group A using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.

J Dermatol Sci

September 2024

Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • - Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic condition leading to extreme sensitivity to sunlight, causing skin damage and increasing the risk of skin cancer due to improper DNA repair, particularly in patients with XP group A (XP-A).
  • - In this study, researchers created melanocytes (skin pigment cells) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from XP-A fibroblasts, and compared their responses to UV irradiation with those of healthy control iPSC-derived melanocytes.
  • - The results showed that XP-A melanocytes had less ability to repair DNA and exhibited significant changes in gene expression after UV exposure, notably in cytokine and apoptotic pathways, suggesting they are crucial for understanding the disease and
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Protein-protein interactions in the core nucleotide excision repair pathway.

DNA Repair (Amst)

September 2024

Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, USA. Electronic address:

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) clears genomes of DNA adducts formed by UV light, environmental agents, and antitumor drugs. Gene mutations that lead to defects in the core NER reaction cause the skin cancer-prone disease xeroderma pigmentosum. In NER, DNA lesions are excised within an oligonucleotide of 25-30 residues via a complex, multi-step reaction that is regulated by protein-protein interactions.

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Genome-wide analysis of transcription-coupled repair reveals novel transcription events in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PLoS Genet

July 2024

Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.

Bulky DNA adducts such as those induced by ultraviolet light are removed from the genomes of multicellular organisms by nucleotide excision repair, which occurs through two distinct mechanisms, global repair, requiring the DNA damage recognition-factor XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C), and transcription-coupled repair (TCR), which does not. TCR is initiated when elongating RNA polymerase II encounters DNA damage, and thus analysis of genome-wide excision repair in XPC-mutants only repairing by TCR provides a unique opportunity to map transcription events missed by methods dependent on capturing RNA transcription products and thus limited by their stability and/or modifications (5'-capping or 3'-polyadenylation). Here, we have performed eXcision Repair-sequencing (XR-seq) in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to generate genome-wide repair maps in a wild-type strain with normal excision repair, a strain lacking TCR (csb-1), and a strain that only repairs by TCR (xpc-1).

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We previously reported that tumors harboring any one of four gene mutations (ATM, RB1, FANCC, or ERCC2) were likely to respond to neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (NAC), resulting in cancer-free surgical specimens at the time of cystectomy (pT0). Here, we report our validation of this finding. Using the CARIS 592 Gene Panel (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA), we analyzed 105 pre-NAC tumor specimens from a large multicenter trial (S1314) of either neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC), or dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, and cisplatin (DDMVAC).

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Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting in heightened cutaneous photosensitivity due to aberrant DNA repair mechanisms. Early-life developmental delay and cognitive impairment have been described in xeroderma pigmentosum cases. However, psychiatric symptoms in adulthood as the presenting feature of xeroderma pigmentosum have not been reported.

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