An Effective Approach to Get Aluminum Foam Sandwich with High and Stable Interfacial Properties.

The interfacial mechanical characteristics of sandwich structures are crucial in defining the comprehensive mechanical performance of the whole structure. Nevertheless, in practical applications, the interface often emerges as the weakest segment due to potential defects in the interface of porous metal sandwich plates (PMSP). This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanisms influencing the mechanical characteristics of nano-SiO-reinforced aluminum foam sandwich structure (AFS) interfaces and to propose an effective strategy to achieve AFS interfaces with superior and stable mechanical properties.

Co-Optimization Operation of Distribution Network-Containing Shared Energy Storage Multi-Microgrids Based on Multi-Body Game.

Under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality target background, efficient collaborative scheduling between distribution networks and multi-microgrids is of great significance for enhancing renewable energy accommodation and ensuring stable system operation. Therefore, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization method for the operation of distribution networks and multi-microgrids with shared energy storage based on a multi-body game. The method is modeled and solved in two stages.

Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing Technology for Monitoring Soil Deformation Induced by Leakage in Buried Water Pipelines: A Model Test Study.

Water pipelines in water diversion projects can leak, leading to soil deformation and ground subsidence, necessitating research into soil deformation monitoring technology. This study conducted model tests to monitor soil deformation around leaking buried water pipelines using distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) technology based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). By arranging strain measurement fibers in a pipe-soil model, we investigated how leak location, leak size, pipe burial depth, and water flow velocity affect soil strain field monitoring results.

Ameliorated Chameleon Algorithm-Based Shape Optimization of Disk Wang-Ball Curves.

The shape design and optimization of complex disk curves is a crucial and intractable technique in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Based on disk Wang-Ball (DWB) curves, this paper defines a novel combined disk Wang-Ball (CDWB) curve with constrained parameters and investigates the shape optimization of CDWB curves by using the multi-strategy ameliorated chameleon swarm algorithm (MCSA). Firstly, in order to meet the various shape design requirements, the CDWB curves consisting of DWB curves are defined, and the G and G geometric continuity conditions for the curves are derived.

Unveiling the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction mechanism in heteroatom-decorated-MoCS-MXene: the synergistic effect of single-atom Fe and heteroatom.

Conversion of nitrogen (N) to ammonia (NH) is a significant process that occurs in environment and in the field of chemistry, but the traditional NH synthesis method requires high energy and pollutes the environment. In this work, the charge, orbital and spin order of the single-atom Fe loaded on heteroatom (X) doped-MoCS (X = B, N, O, F, P and Se) and its synergistic effect on electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) were investigated using well-defined density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Results revealed that the X-element modified the charge loss capability of Fe atoms and thereby introduced a net spin through heteroatom doping, resulting in the magnetic moment modulation of Fe.

Color fundus photograph-based diabetic retinopathy grading via label relaxed collaborative learning on deep features and radiomics features.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has long been recognized as a common complication of diabetes, making accurate automated grading of its severity essential. Color fundus photographs play a crucial role in the grading of DR. With the advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, numerous researchers have conducted studies on DR grading based on deep features and radiomic features extracted from color fundus photographs.

A modelling approach to characterise the interaction between behavioral response and epidemics: A study based on COVID-19.

During epidemic outbreaks, human behavior is highly influential on the disease transmission and hence affects the course, duration and outcome of the epidemics. In order to examine the feedback effect between the dynamics of the behavioral response and disease outbreak, a simple SIR- type model is established by introducing the independent variable of effective contact rate, characterizing how human behavior interacts with disease transmission dynamics and allowing for the feedback changing over time along the progress of epidemic and population's perception of risk. By a particle swarm optimization algorithm in the solution procedures and time series of COVID-19 data with different shapes of infection peaks, we show that the proposed model, together with such behavioral change mechanism, is capable of capturing the trend of the selected data and can give rise to oscillatory prevalence of different magnitude over time, revealing how different levels of behavioral response affect the waves of infection as well as the evolution of the disease.

Exploring Tetra-/Penta-/Hexavalent Ion Substitution in Yttrium-Based Halide Solid-State Electrolytes.

Although aliovalent ion substitution is an important strategy for enhancing ionic conductivity in halide electrolytes, the choice of doping ions is often restricted to tetravalent ions, and investigations into the intrinsic origin of the doping mechanism are lacking. In this work, we investigated the effects of Zr, Ta and W doping on the crystal structure and ionic conductivity of yttrium-based rare-earth halides. Only Zr achieves fast ion diffusion in both the (001) and (002) crystal planes by affecting the volume of the octahedron and the tetrahedral interstitial space, whereas Ta significantly enhances the ion diffusion rate in the (001) crystal plane while suppressing it in the (002) plane, and W does the opposite.

Numerical Simulation Study on Fish Habitats in the Downstream Section of Yangqu Hydropower Station.

To promote the coordinated and sustainable development of hydropower exploitation and ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, a fine simulation of the downstream riverway of Yangqu Hydropower Station was carried out to analyze the impact of the changes in water depth and flow velocity on fish habitats after the impoundment of Yangqu Hydropower Station. In this paper, was selected as the target fish species. The fish habitat model was constructed using MIKE21.

Assessment of different U-Net backbones in segmenting colorectal adenocarcinoma from H&E histopathology.

Adenocarcinoma, the most prevalent type of colorectal cancer, makes up roughly 95 % of all cases and is associated with a notably high mortality rate. Owing to the various risk factors which might include personal choices and habits or genetic factors, the risk of developing the cancer for every individual might vary. However, given the statistics, the rate of acquiring the disease is pretty high.

Defective boron nitride aerogels by salt template synthesis: A green adsorbent for tetracycline removal.

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) exhibits unique application potential in water purification due to its large specific surface area, high porosity, and chemical inertness. Designing adsorbents with highly active adsorption sites is one effective method to improve their adsorption capacities. In this study, porous h-BN aerogels containing multiple defect types (DP-BN) were synthesized by using salt templates.

Modulating Interface of Ni-Embedded Hollow Porous TiCT MXene Film Toward Efficient EMI Shielding.

Since the explosive growth of state-of-the-art electronics and devices raises concerns about electromagnetic pollution, exploring novel and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials is desirable and crucial. TiCT MXenes hold significant EMI shielding potential due to their inherent characteristics, including lightweight, metal-like conductivities, unique layered structure, and facile processing. Nonetheless, it remains challenging to fabricate TiCT MXenes-based EMI shielding materials with efficient shielding capability and low reflection.

Assessment of mechanical properties and durability of compressed mud bricks stabilized with stone dust, wheat straw, and cement.

For millennia mud has been utilized to make brick for the construction of both residential as well as architectural purposes. However, concerns regarding their vulnerability to different kinds of hazards due to their weak mechanical properties and durability have emerged. This study addressed the global challenge of developing sustainable and affordable construction materials, particularly in resource-constrained regions.

Two-Step Reshaping of Acicular Gold Nanoparticles.

Anisometric plasmonic nanoparticles find applications in various fields, from photocatalysis to biosensing. However, exposure to heat or to specific chemical environments can induce their reshaping, leading to loss of function. Understanding this process is therefore relevant both for the fundamental understanding of such nano-objects and for their practical applications.

3D printing hydrogel with homogeneous structural color induced by ZnS colloidal spheres for customized multi-channel spatial information encryption.

The utilization of structural colors in 3D printing was anticipated due to their eco-friendliness and sustainability. However, the manufacturing of homogeneous structural colors with intricate 3D architectures remains a great challenge, particularly in hydrogels. Herein, we added 0.

Assembly of soil multitrophic community regulates multifunctionality via multifaceted biotic factors in subtropical ecosystems.

Soil biodiversity underpins multiple ecosystem functions and services essential for human well-being. Understanding the determinants of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships (BEFr) is critical for the conservation and management of soil ecosystems. Community assembly processes determine community diversity and structure.

Spillover of active oxygen intermediates of binary RuO/NbO nanowires for highly active and robust acidic oxygen evolution.

Over-oxidation of surface ruthenium active sites of RuO-based electrocatalysts leads to the formation of soluble high-valent Ru species and subsequent structural collapse of electrocatalysts, which results in their low stability for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a binary RuO/NbO electrocatalyst with abundant and intimate interfaces has been rationally designed and synthesized to enhance its OER activity in acidic electrolyte, delivering a low overpotential of 179 mV at 10 mA cm, a small Tafel slope of 73 mV dec, and a stabilized catalytic durability over a period of 750 h. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that the spillover of active oxygen intermediates from RuO to NbO and the subsequent participation of lattice oxygen of NbO instead of RuO for the acidic OER suppressed the over-oxidation of surface ruthenium species and thereby improved the catalytic stability of the binary electrocatalysts.

Deep Learning for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection and Severity Assessment: A Multimodal Signals Fusion Multiscale Transformer Model.

Purpose: To develop a deep learning (DL) model for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) detection and severity assessment and provide a new approach for convenient, economical, and accurate disease detection.

Methods: Considering medical reliability and acquisition simplicity, we used electrocardiogram (ECG) and oxygen saturation (SpO) signals to develop a multimodal signal fusion multiscale Transformer model for OSA detection and severity assessment. The proposed model comprises signal preprocessing, feature extraction, cross-modal interaction, and classification modules.

Intelligent antibacterial coatings based on sensitive response and periodic fast drug release for long-term defense against corrosion induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Pitting corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) significantly shortens the lifespan of metallic pipelines. Antibacterial coatings containing S-responsive drug-loaded nanocontainers represent a promising method to mitigate SRB corrosion. However, the challenge of balancing rapid bactericide release with continuous antibacterial effect limits their practical application.

Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Surface Roughness in BTA Deep Hole Drilling with Vibration Assisted.

The surface roughness of hole machining greatly influences the mechanical properties of parts, such as early fatigue failure and corrosion resistance. The boring and trepanning association (BTA) deep hole drilling with axial vibration assistance is a compound machining process of the tool cutting and the guide block extrusion. At the same time, the surface of the hole wall is also ironed by the axial large amplitude and low-frequency vibration of the guide block.

Investigation of the photoelectric properties of nanostructured CeO/CuO heterojunction: Photocatalytic degradation of sulfadiazine in water.

The rapid complexation of photogenerated electrons-holes with copper (Cu) greatly limits the large-scale application of cuprous oxide (CuO) as a photocatalyst. Therefore, using a hydrothermal method, a type Ⅱ heterojunction structure was constructed by modifying CuO with cerium (IV) oxide (CeO). The CeO/CuO heterojunction photocatalyst effectively increased the photogenerated electron density and reduced the surface transfer impedance.

Gold nanoparticle-modified single-walled carbon nanotube terahertz metasurface for ultrasensitive sensing of trace proteins.

Research on metasurface sensors with high sensitivity, strong specificity, good biocompatibility and strong integration is the key to promote the application of terahertz waves in the field of biomedical detection. However, traditional metallic terahertz metasurfaces have shortcomings such as poor biocompatibility and large ohmic loss in the terahertz frequency band, impeding their further application and integration in the field of biosensing detection. Here, we overcome this challenge by proposing a high-performance terahertz metasurface based on gold nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes composite film.

Recent progresses and perspectives of polyethylene biodegradation by bacteria and fungi: A review.

Plastics pollution has become a serious threat to the people and environment due to the mass production, unreasonable disposal and continuous pollution. Polyethylene (PE), one of the most utilized plastics all over the world, is considered as a highly recalcitrant environmental destruction problem on account of strong hydrophobicity and high molecular weight. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to seek economical and efficient treatment and disposal methods for PE.

Modeling of Accumulator in Roll-to-Roll Coating Equipment and Tension Control with Nonlinear PID.

This paper addresses the issue of the high-precision control of substrate tension in an accumulator during the roll-to-roll coating process. First, a coupling model for tension errors in the substrate within the accumulator is established, along with dynamic models for the input-output rollers, carriage, and the thrust model of the ball screw. Based on these models, a simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the main causes of substrate tension errors in the accumulator under uncontrolled conditions.