A Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Multicenter Validation Study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Objective: This study aimed to establish and validate predictive models for AKI in hospitalized patients with CAP based on machine learning algorithms.

Methods: We trained and externally validated 5 machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and deep forest (DF).

Smooth Muscle Ythdf2 Abrogation Ameliorates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Regulating Myadm Transcript Stability.

Background: The N6-methyladenosine (mA) modification of RNA and its regulators have important roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). (YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2) is best known for its role in degrading mA-modified mRNAs such as mRNA, which leads to alternative activation of macrophages in PH. Recent studies have also linked to the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).

YAP/TAZ activation mediates PQ-induced lung fibrosis by sustaining senescent pulmonary epithelial cells.

Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide and a common cause of poisoning that leads to pulmonary fibrosis with a high mortality rate. However, the underlying mechanisms of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis and whether pulmonary epithelial cell senescence is involved in the process remain elusive. In this study, PQ-induced pulmonary epithelial cell senescence and Hippo-YAP/TAZ activation were observed in both C57BL/6 mice and human epithelial cells.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation study of etomidate: a randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study in healthy Chinese subjects.

Etomidate is a sedative and hypnotic drug through intravenous administration that act on the central nervous system through GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) receptors, which is widely used in anesthesia induction and maintenance and long-term sedation in severe patients. The study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two etomidate fat emulsions after administration through the intravenous infusion pump in healthy Chinese subjects. A randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study was performed in 52 healthy subjects.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of esomeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablets 20 mg in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and safety properties between a new generic and a brand reference formulation of esomeprazole enteric-coated tablets 20 mg in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. The fasting study was an open-label, randomized, two-period crossover study conducted in 32 healthy Chinese volunteers, and the fed study was a four-period crossover study conducted in 40 healthy Chinese volunteers. Blood samples were collected at the specified time points and determined to obtain the plasma concentrations of esomeprazole.

Bioequivalence study of ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol using PBPK modelling.

Aims: Systemic pharmacokinetic (PK) studies can reflect the overall exposure of orally inhaled drug Products (OIDPs) in the blood after inhalation into the lung and can be used to evaluate the bioequivalence of test and reference products. The aim of this article is: (1) to study the PK characteristics and bioequivalence of ipratropium bromide (IB) inhalation aerosol, reference and test products in healthy Chinese subjects; (2) to establish a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and verify the accuracy of the model in predicting bioequivalence; (3) attempt to use the model to predict the regional distribution of particles in the lung after inhalation, and discuss the effect of gastrointestinal drug absorption of IB on systemic exposure.

Methods: The study involved two clinical studies.

Ythdf2 promotes pulmonary hypertension by suppressing Hmox1-dependent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant function in alveolar macrophages.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease characterized by irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) that causes right ventricular failure and death. The early alternative activation of macrophages is a critical event in the development of PVR and PH, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Previously we have shown that N-methyladenosine (mA) modifications of RNA contribute to phenotypic switching of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and PH.

Silybin induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation via TRPV4 channels in mouse mesenteric arteries.

Silybin is a flavonolignan extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum that has been used as a dietary supplement for treating hepatic diseases and components of metabolic syndrome such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are Ca-permeable, nonselective cation channels that regulate vascular endothelial function and blood flow. However, the relationship between silybin and TRPV4 channels in small mesenteric arteries remains unknown.

Heterotopic lung transplant: a feasible approach to compensate for organ shortages.

Lung transplants are still limited by the shortage of suitable donor lungs, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A heterotopic lung transplant (HLTx), as a flexible surgical procedure, can maximize the potential of donor lungs in an emergency, but its widespread use is hindered by difficulties in anastomosis and paucity of outcome data. We performed a retrospective review of 4 patients, each of whom received an HLTxs over 1 year, including 1 left-to-right single HLTx, 2 right-to-left single HLTxs and 1 lobar HLTx (right upper lobe-to-left).

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Study of 101BHG-D01 Nasal Spray, a Novel Long-Acting and Selective Cholinergic M Receptor Antagonist, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Dose Escalation, First-In-Human Study.

Background And Objective: 101BHG-D01 nasal spray is the first novel long-acting cholinergic M receptor antagonist under development to treat rhinorrhea in rhinitis. This first-in-human study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of 101BHG-D01 nasal spray following single intranasal doses in healthy Chinese subjects.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose escalation study was conducted in healthy Chinese volunteers after intranasal doses of 101BHG-D01 nasal spray or placebo ranging from 40 µg to 960 µg (total of six doses).

Bioequivalence Study of Palbociclib Capsules in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions.

Background And Objective: Palbociclib is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 used for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. This study compared the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles between a new generic and a branded reference formulation of palbociclib capsules in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions and evaluated the bioequivalence of two palbociclib products to obtain sufficient evidence for the marketing approval of the new generic drug.

Methods: A randomized, open-label, two-period crossover study was conducted in healthy Chinese volunteers under both fasting and fed conditions (30 subjects/condition).

The Low Utilization Rate of Donor Lungs in China: A Single-Center Experience.

BACKGROUND Despite the increasing number of organ donations, the utilization rate of donor lungs in China is much lower than that in many other countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS The donor lungs were evaluated before departure (stage 1), after on-site management (stage 2), and after harvesting (stage 3). Variables of donor lungs from medical institutions with lung transplant qualification (group A) and those without qualification (group B) were compared.

Dynamic evolution of emphysema and airway remodeling in two mouse models of COPD.

Background: Establishment of a mouse model is important for investigating the mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we observed and compared the evolution of the pathology in two mouse models of COPD induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods: One hundred eight wild-type C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into three groups: the (1) control group, (2) CS-exposed group (CS group), and (3) CS + LPS-exposed group (CS + LPS group).

Correlation between Serum Bone Turnover Markers and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chinese Patients with Diabetes.

Objective: Diabetes is a growing global public health concern with many significant disease complications. Multiple studies show that bone turnover markers (BTMs) are decreased in diabetes patients, indicating impaired bone metabolism in diabetes patients. A recent study also showed that in diabetes patients, BTMs are correlated with urine albumin to creatinine ratio, an indicator of nephropathy.

Multi-omics study of silicosis reveals the potential therapeutic targets PGD and TXA.

: Silicosis is a severe occupational lung disease. Current treatments for silicosis have highly limited availability ( lung transplantation) or, do not effectively prolong patient survival time ( lung lavage). There is thus an urgent clinical need for effective drugs to retard the progression of silicosis.

YTHDF1 Regulates Pulmonary Hypertension through Translational Control of MAGED1.

Posttranscriptional modifications are implicated in vascular remodeling of pulmonary hypertension (PH). mA (N-methyladenosine) is an abundant RNA modification that is involved in various biological processes. Whether mA RNA modification and mA effector proteins play a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH has not been demonstrated.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Blood to Distinguish Lung Cancer Patients from Healthy Subjects.

Objective: Inflammation-driven markers play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in blood are systemic inflammatory response markers. Some reports have showed that NLR and PLR are related to a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer.

Novel insight from the first lung transplant of a COVID-19 patient.

Background: To reveal detailed histopathological changes, virus distributions, immunologic properties and multi-omic features caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the explanted lungs from the world's first successful lung transplantation of a COVID-19 patient.

Materials And Methods: A total of 36 samples were collected from the lungs. Histopathological features and virus distribution were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Absolute Neutrophil Count and Mean Platelet Volume in the Blood as Biomarkers to Detect Lung Cancer.

Objective: Inflammation plays an extremely considerable role in the development and progression of malignancies. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in blood are associated with various inflammatory conditions and resulted in independent prognostic factors for lung cancer. However, whether ANC and MPV can be diagnostic markers for lung cancer remains unknown.

and activity of chelerythrine against and underlying mechanisms.

To evaluate whether chelerythrine (CHT) exhibited antifungal activity against and and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Broth microdilution assay and model were used to evaluate the antifungal effect and , respectively. Mechanism studies were investigated by morphogenesis observation, Fluo-3/AM, DCFH-DA and rhodamine6G assay, respectively.