A deep learning-based segmentation system for rapid onsite cytologic pathology evaluation of pancreatic masses: A retrospective, multicenter, diagnostic study.

Background: We aimed to develop a deep learning-based segmentation system for rapid on-site cytopathology evaluation (ROSE) to improve the diagnostic efficiency of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsy.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, diagnostic study was conducted using 5345 cytopathological slide images from 194 patients who underwent EUS-FNA. These patients were from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (109 patients), Wuxi People's Hospital (30 patients), Wuxi Second People's Hospital (25 patients), and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (30 patients).

HOXC6 impacts epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the immune microenvironment through gene transcription in gliomas.

Background: Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). To improve the prognosis of glioma, it is necessary to identify molecular markers that may be useful for glioma therapy. HOXC6, an important transcription factor, is involved in multiple cancers.

Ribociclib Inhibits P-gp-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells.

The efficacy of cancer chemotherapy can be attenuated or abrogated by multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. In this study, we determined the effect of the CDK4/6 inhibitor, ribociclib (or LEE011), on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated MDR in the human epidermoid carcinoma MDR cell line, KB-C2, which is widely used for studying P-gp-mediated MDR in cancers. The incubation of KB-C2 cells with ribociclib (3-9 µM) increased the efficacy of colchicine, a substrate for P-gp.

Decorin Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells from Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via AMPK-mTOR-Regulated Autophagy.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss among the elderly worldwide with unidentified pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Oxidative stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is central in the development and progression of AMD. Decorin (DCN), a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, possesses powerful antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties.

NCOA4-Mediated Ferroptosis in Bronchial Epithelial Cells Promotes Macrophage M2 Polarization in COPD Emphysema.

Background: Macrophage polarization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD emphysema. Changes in macrophage polarization in COPD remain unclear, while polarization and ferroptosis are essential factors in its pathogenesis. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between macrophage polarization and ferroptosis in COPD emphysema.

No apparent pharmacokinetic interactions were found between henagliflozin: A novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor and glimepiride in healthy Chinese male subjects.

What Is Known And Objective: Henagliflozin is a novel selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with similar inhibitory effect to ertugliflozin. Glimepiride is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with few cardiovascular side effects. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between henagliflozin and glimepiride.

Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on mood symptoms in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: and purpose: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has gained increasing attention in the treatment of psychological disorders, but evidence is required to support practice. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current evidence for CBT's effectiveness in relieving symptoms of anxiety and depression experienced by patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases were systematically searched from inception to March 27, 2020.

Analysis of potential genetic biomarkers using machine learning methods and immune infiltration regulatory mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation.

Objective: We aimed to screen out biomarkers for atrial fibrillation (AF) based on machine learning methods and evaluate the degree of immune infiltration in AF patients in detail.

Methods: Two datasets (GSE41177 and GSE79768) related to AF were downloaded from Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and merged for further analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using "limma" package in R software.

Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Nine Patients with Severe Multiple Injuries Accompanied by Traumatic Aortic Dissection during Emergency Treatment.

Objective: This study is aimed at investigating the early diagnosis and efficacy of emergency treatments of nine patients with severe multiple injuries accompanied by traumatic aortic dissection (TAD).

Methods: Patients who sustained severe multiple injuries accompanied by TAD following a car accident ( = 6) and falls from a height ( = 3) were treated in the emergency department of our hospital from October 2017 to July 2021. Data of these patients, including seven men and two women (average age, 53 ± 15.

Oncolytic therapy with vaccinia virus carrying IL-24 for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly refractory cancer associated with increasing mortality, which currently lacks effective treatment options. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a novel tumor suppressor cytokine that can selectively induce cancer cell apoptosis, and it has been utilized as a cancer gene therapy strategy. The vaccinia virus is a promising strategy for cancer therapy, owing to its direct viral lytic effects, as well as a vehicle to overexpress therapeutic transgenes.

Dishevelled-Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2) Predicts the Immuno-Hot Phenotype in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

DAAM2 participates in the oncogenesis and progression of human cancers. Although the role of DAAM2 in cancers has been preliminarily investigated, its correlations with antitumor immunity are unclear. A pancancer analysis was conducted to explore the immunological role of DAAM2 based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

LINC00630 as a miR-409-3p sponge promotes apoptosis and glycolysis of colon carcinoma cells via regulating HK2.

Long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to the family of non-coding RNAs and contain more than 200 nucleotides. They are involved in the growth, apoptosis, and glycolysis of carcinoma cells. A newly discovered lncRNA, LINC00630, has been reported in colon carcinoma.

Real-Time Flash Glucose Monitoring Had Better Effects on Daily Glycemic Control Compared With Retrospective Flash Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Premix Insulin Therapy.

Background And Aims: To compare the effects of real-time and retrospective flash glucose monitoring (FGM) on daily glycemic control and lifestyle in patients with type 2 diabetes on premix insulin therapy.

Methods And Results: A total of 172 patients using premix insulin, with HbA1c ≥ 7.0% (56 mmol/mol), or the time below the target (TBR) ≥ 4%, or the coefficient of variation (CV) ≥36% during the screening period, were randomly assigned to retrospective FGM (n = 89) or real-time FGM group (n = 83).

Co-deficiency of B7-H3 and B7-H4 identifies high CD8 + T cell infiltration and better prognosis in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy is a novel hotspot for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). However, potential biomarkers which could identify the inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) are urgently required.

Methods: In the present study, we measured the levels of B7-H3, B7-H4, and major tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) using bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on PAAD samples represented in the tissue microarray (TMA) format.

Recreating the natural evolutionary trend in key microdomains provides an effective strategy for engineering of a thermomicrobial N-demethylase.

N-demethylases have been reported to remove the methyl groups on primary or secondary amines, which could further affect the properties and functions of biomacromolecules or chemical compounds; however, the substrate scope and the robustness of N-demethylases have not been systematically investigated. Here we report the recreation of natural evolution in key microdomains of the Thermomicrobium roseum sarcosine oxidase (TrSOX), an N-demethylase with marked stability (melting temperature over 100 °C) and enantioselectivity, for enhanced substrate scope and catalytic efficiency on -C-N- bonds. We obtained the structure of TrSOX by crystallization and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the initial framework.

Long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific 5 is downregulated in sepsis-ALI and inhibits apoptosis by up-regulating miR-146a.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) and microRNA (miR)-146a both have inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammation, suggesting the crosstalk between them. In this study, the expression of GAS5 and miR-146a in patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury (sepsis-ALI), sepsis patients without obvious complications (sepsis) and healthy controls were studied by RT-qPCR. The role of GAS5 in the expression and methylation of miR-146a in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were studied by RT-qPCR and methylation-specific PCR (MSP), respectively.

Risk factors for polymyxin B-associated acute kidney injury.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the current incidence and risk factors for polymyxin B-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in Chinese hospitals for a more effective clinical use for polymyxin B.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included patients from 14 Chinese teaching hospitals who received polymyxin B therapy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with polymyxin B-associated incident AKI.

Calcified aortic valve disease complicated with and without diabetes mellitus: the underlying pathogenesis.

As the most prevalent valvular heart disease, calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major health problem with risk of severe morbidity and mortality in the absence of effective medical treatment beyond surgical or interventional aortic valve replacement. The pathology involved in CAVD is multifactorial, including valvular endothelial cells damage, valvular interstitial cells differentiation, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, fibrosis and calcification. Various risk factors for CAVD have been reported, such as age, gender, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity and bicuspid aortic valves.

ABCB1 limits the cytotoxic activity of TAK-243, an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1.

Background: One of the major concerns of cancer therapy is the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). The MDR-associated ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) transporter is established to mediate resistance against numerous anticancer drugs. In this study, we demonstrated that the Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) inhibitor TAK-243 is transported by the ABCB1.

LDLR dysfunction induces LDL accumulation and promotes pulmonary fibrosis.

Treatments for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) are ineffective because its molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic targets are unclear. Here, we show that the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was significantly decreased in alveolar type II (ATII) and fibroblast cells, whereas it was increased in endothelial cells from systemic sclerosis-related PF (SSc-PF) patients and idiopathic PF (IPF) patients compared with healthy controls. However, the plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increased in SSc-PF and IPF patients.

The novel HLA-B*51:328 allele identified by sequencing-based typing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-B*51:328 differs from HLA-B*51:01:01:01 in exon 2 at position 241 by a single non-synonymous mutation.