Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness and Engagement Among MSM at High Risk of HIV Infection in China: A Multi-City Cross-Sectional Survey.

This study aimed to explore the awareness, willingness, and engagement with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among high-risk Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) and to investigate the factors influencing its use. A cross-sectional survey of 1800 HIV-negative MSM was conducted in Chengdu, Suzhou, and Wuhan between June 2022 and February 2023 through in-person and online recruitment methods. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of PrEP use.

Shift work, thyroid function and liver function among subway workers.

Background: Shift work is associated with an increased risk of liver injury. However, whether and how shift work alters liver function remains unclear.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the associations between shift work and the liver function parameters, and further explore the mediating roles of thyroid function indicators.

The ecdysone-induced bZIP transcription factor MafB establishes a positive feedback loop to enhance vitellogenesis and reproduction in the mosquito.

Female mosquitoes require a vertebrate blood meal to activate reproduction, transmitting numerous devastating human diseases. Vitellogenesis is a central event of female reproduction that involves the massive production of vitellogenin (Vg) in the fat body and the maturation of ovaries. This process is controlled by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E); however, its molecular regulatory basis remains not completely understood.

piRNA array analysis provide insight into the mechanism of DEHP-induced testicular toxicology in pubertal male rats.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer, could cause male reproductive toxicity by disrupting spermatogenesis. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a small non-coding RNAs specifically highly expressed in the germline and interact with PIWI proteins to regulate spermatogenesis. Accumulating studies have confirmed that environmental poisons could induce male reproductive injury via altering piRNA expression.

Exploring the potential use of Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model for evaluating chemical-induced intestinal dysfunction.

Evaluating intestinal toxicity is crucial for identifying and preventing the harmful effects of environmental chemicals. Owing to the limitations of existing models in evaluating intestinal toxicity, the development of alternative models is urgently needed. This study explored the potential use of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing chemical-induced intestinal dysfunction.

Rapid detection of mutations in the suspected piperaquine resistance gene E415G-exo in Plasmodium falciparum exonuclease via AS‒PCR and RAA with CRISPR/Cas12a.

Malaria remains a major public health concern. The rapid spread of resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major challenge for malaria eradication. Timely and accurate molecular monitoring based on practical detection methods is a critical step toward malaria control and elimination.

[Interpretation of the key points of Regulation for Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-neonatal Tetanus (2024 Edition)].

Non-neonatal tetanus is an acute, specific, toxic disease in patients over 28 days of age, characterized by continuous rigidity and paroxysmal spasms of the skeletal muscles throughout the body caused by the intrusion of Clostridium tetani through skin or mucosal membrane into the body and reproducing in anaerobic environments to produce exotoxins. The mortality rate of severe patients is close to 100% without medical intervention. Even with aggressive comprehensive treatment, the global mortality rate remains at 30%-50%, making it a potentially fatal disease.

Immunogenicity and immune persistence of Zagreb 2-1-1 regimen of rabies vaccine in Chinese healthy individuals: A randomized, parallel-controlled of homologous vaccine with different immune procedure study.

This study was a randomized, parallel-controlled of homologous vaccines with different immune procedure research to evaluate the immunogenicity and immune persistence of Zagreb 2-1-1 regimen of rabies vaccine in Chinese healthy individuals. 240 subjects aged ≤ 20、21-50、≥51 y were randomly divided into 2 groups (1:1), Zagreb 2-1-1 regimen receivers as experimental group and Essen 5 regimen receivers as controlled group. Researchers collected venous blood of each subject before vaccine injection and on the day 7, 14, 42, 180, 365 after first dose.

A Nomogram of Predicting Healthcare-Associated Infections in Burned Children.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a common clinical concern associated with adverse prognosis and mortality in burned children. This study aimed to construct a predictive nomogram of the risk of HAIs in burned children.

Methods: Children admitted to the burn unit of Wuhan Third Hospital between 2020 and 2022 were included.

Adverse Associations of Long-Term Exposure to PM and Its Components with Platelet Traits among Subway Shift-Workers without Air Purifier Use.

Air purifier use, shift work, and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) are linked to platelet abnormality. However, the role of air purifier use and shift work in the individual or joint associations of PM and its components with platelet indices are largely unknown. A total of 8772 participants were recruited from a population of subway workers in China.

Insertion with long target duplication in polymyxin B-induced resistant mutant of Salmonella.

Objectives: A Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae (hereafter S. diarizonae) clinical strain S499 demonstrated unique genomic features.

Immunogenicity of 4-dose Essen intramuscular regimen for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis: A multi-center cross-sectional study in China.

Background: The 4-dose Essen intramuscular (IM) regimen for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has been recommended by Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and World Health Organization (WHO), but the large-sample clinical evidence is still limited.

Method: Rabies virus neutralizing antibodies of 11,752 patients were detected from 409 rabies prevention clinics in 27 provinces in China. Patients with serum collected before or no later than 1 h after injection on the day of the fifth dose (day 28) of 5-dose Essen regimen were included in Group A to observe the immune efficacy of 4-dose Essen IM regimen, and patients with serum collected 14-28 days after injection of the fifth dose were included in Group B to observe the immune efficacy of 5-dose Essen IM regimen.

Surveillance for rhabdomyolysis after the consumption of crayfish in Wuhan, China, 2016-2022.

Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of crayfish-related rhabdomyolysis.

Methods: Cases of crayfish-related rhabdomyolysis in Wuhan were monitored, and professional training of city's surveillance personnel was conducted. Unified questionnaires were used to collect data.

Defective ferritinophagy and imbalanced iron metabolism in PBDE-47-triggered neuronal ferroptosis and salvage by Canolol.

The brominated flame retardant 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that causes neurotoxicity. However, incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms has hampered the development of effective intervention strategies. Oxidative stress and related cell death are the modes of action for PBDE-47 neurotoxicity, which are also the characteristics of ferroptosis.

Association Between ACE2 and Lung Diseases.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). Additionally, it has been identified as a functional receptor for the Coronavirus. Research indicates that ACE2 plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular systems by modulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

Survey of species in hematophagous arthropods from endemic areas for Japanese spotted fever in China.

Japanese spotted fever (JSF) is caused by , mainly vectored by hard ticks. However, whether can be transmitted by other arthropods remains unknown. Moreover, it is of interest to investigate whether other species cause spotted fever in endemic areas.

Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter is associated with prognosis in people living with HIV/AIDS: Evidence from a longitudinal study.

Background: Evidence on the association between particulate matter (PM) exposure and prognosis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) is scarce. We aim to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to PM with AIDS-related deaths and complications.

Methods: We collected follow-up information on 7444 PWHAs from 2000 to 2021 from the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System of the Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Entomopathogenic fungi-based silver nanoparticles: a potential substitute of synthetic insecticides to counter behavioral and physiological immunity in Aedes aegypti mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae).

Excessive use of synthetic insecticides has resulted in environmental contamination and adverse effects on humans and other non-target organisms. Entomopathogenic fungi offer eco-friendly alternatives; however, their application for pest control requires significant advancement owing to limitations like slow killing time and effectiveness only when applied in higher amounts, whereas exposure to UV radiation, high temperature, and humidity can also reduce their viability and shelf-life. The nanoparticles synthesized using fungal extracellular extracts provide a new approach to use fungal pathogens.

Antibiotic-Resistance Profiles and Genetic Diversity of Isolates in China: Implications for Control Strategies.

The urgent need for comprehensive and systematic analyses of as the key pathogen led us to meticulously explore the epidemiology and molecular attributes of isolates. Accordingly, we procured 24 isolates (10 from Xinjiang and 14 from Wuhan, China) and performed serotype identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance gene detection and homology analysis by polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), respectively, were performed for genetic diversity analysis.

Metagenomic analysis of individual mosquito viromes reveals the geographical patterns and drivers of viral diversity.

Mosquito transmitted viruses are responsible for an increasing burden of human disease. Despite this, little is known about the diversity and ecology of viruses within individual mosquito hosts. Here, using a meta-transcriptomic approach, we determined the viromes of 2,438 individual mosquitoes (81 species), spanning ~4,000 km along latitudes and longitudes in China.

Feasibility of a Mobile Health Intervention for Providing a Continuum of HIV Services for MSM: Pilot Study of the WeTest Program in 3 Cities in China.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) in China have a high risk for HIV infection but experience suboptimal rates of HIV testing and service engagement due to various social and structural barriers. We developed a mobile health (mHealth) intervention entitled "WeTest-Plus" (WeTest+) as a user-centered "one-stop service" approach for delivering access to comprehensive information about HIV risk, HIV self-testing, behavioral and biomedical prevention, confirmatory testing, treatment, and care.

Objective: The goal of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of WeTest+ to provide continuous HIV services to high-risk MSM.