475 results match your criteria: "Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute[Affiliation]"
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Background: Vascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation, and neuroinflammation are thought to participate in Alzheimer`s disease (AD) pathogenesis, though the mechanism is poorly understood. Among pathways of interest, AD pathology appears to affect vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) signaling in a bidirectional manner. Higher VEGF levels are thought to have a protective role and slow cognitive decline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Audiol Res
December 2024
Starkey Hearing, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA.
Despite the significant advancements in hearing aid technology, their adoption rates remain low, with stigma continuing to be a major barrier for many. This review aims to assess the origins and current state of hearing aid stigma, as well as explore potential strategies for alleviating it. This review examines the societal perceptions, psychological impacts, and recent technological advancements that can influence hearing aid adoption and reduce stigma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuron
December 2024
Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. Electronic address:
Motor output results from the coordinated activity of neural circuits distributed across multiple brain regions that convey information to the spinal cord via descending motor pathways. Yet the organizational logic through which supraspinal systems target discrete components of spinal motor circuits remains unclear. Here, using viral transsynaptic tracing along with serial two-photon tomography, we have generated a whole-brain map of monosynaptic inputs to spinal V1 interneurons, a major inhibitory population involved in motor control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
Organizing the continuous stream of visual input into categories like places or faces is important for everyday function and social interactions. However, it is unknown when neural representations of these and other visual categories emerge. Here, we used steady-state evoked potential electroencephalography to measure cortical responses in infants at 3-4 months, 4-6 months, 6-8 months, and 12-15 months, when they viewed controlled, gray-level images of faces, limbs, corridors, characters, and cars.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Introduction: The availability of amyloid beta (Aβ) targeting therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing the demand for scalable biomarkers that are sensitive to early cerebral Aβ accumulation.
Methods: We evaluated fully-automated Lumipulse plasma Aβ/Aβ immunoassays for detecting cerebral Aβ in 457 clinically unimpaired (CU) and clinically impaired (CI) Stanford Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (Stanford ADRC) participants and 186 CU in the Stanford Aging and Memory Study (SAMS). Longitudinal change in ADRC plasma Aβ/Aβ and cognition and cross-sectional associations with SAMS memory and tau positron emission tomography (PET) were examined.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.
The rich diversity of synapses facilitates the capacity of neural circuits to transmit, process and store information. Here, we used multiplex super-resolution proteometric imaging through array tomography to define features of single synapses in the adult mouse neocortex. We find that glutamatergic synapses cluster into subclasses that parallel the distinct biochemical and functional categories of receptor subunits: GluA1/4, GluA2/3 and GluN1/GluN2B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Human aging affects the ability to remember new experiences, in part, because of altered neural function during memory formation. One potential contributor to age-related memory decline is diminished neural selectivity -- i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
December 2024
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Old age is associated with a decline in cognitive function and an increase in neurodegenerative disease risk. Brain ageing is complex and is accompanied by many cellular changes. Furthermore, the influence that aged cells have on neighbouring cells and how this contributes to tissue decline is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
The immune system is a key player in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. While brain resident immune cell-mediated neuroinflammation and peripheral immune cell (eg, T cell) infiltration into the brain have been shown to significantly contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, the nature and extent of immune responses in the brain in the context of AD and related dementias (ADRD) remain unclear. Furthermore, the roles of the peripheral immune system in driving ADRD pathology remain incompletely elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
December 2024
Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
Nature
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
As the field of neural organoids and assembloids rapidly expands, there is an emergent need for guidance and advice on designing, conducting and reporting experiments to increase the reproducibility and utility of these models. Here, our consortium- representing specialized laboratories from around the world- presents a framework for the experimental process that ranges from ensuring the quality and integrity of human pluripotent stem cells to characterizing and manipulating neural cells in vitro, and from transplantation techniques to considerations for modeling human development, evolution, and disease. As with all scientific endeavors, we advocate for rigorous experimental designs tailored to explicit scientific questions, and transparent methodologies and data sharing, to provide useful knowledge for both current research practices and for developing regulatory standards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to the motor cortex has revolutionized the study of motor physiology in humans. Despite this, TMS-evoked electrophysiological responses show significant variability, due in part to inconsistencies between TMS pulse timing and ongoing brain oscillations. Variable responses to TMS limit mechanistic insights and clinical efficacy, necessitating the development of methods to precisely coordinate the timing of TMS pulses to the phase of relevant oscillatory activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
January 2025
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Synthetic receptors that mediate antigen-dependent cell responses are transforming therapeutics, drug discovery and basic research. However, established technologies such as chimeric antigen receptors can only detect immobilized antigens, have limited output scope and lack built-in drug control. Here we engineer synthetic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are capable of driving a wide range of native or non-native cellular processes in response to a user-defined antigen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Cell Biol
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nature
November 2024
Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
The inner ear organs responsible for hearing (cochlea) and balance (vestibular system) are susceptible to oxidative stress due to the high metabolic demands of their sensorineural cells. Oxidative stress-induced damage to these cells can cause hearing loss or vestibular dysfunction, yet the precise mechanisms remain unclear due to the limitations of animal models and challenges of obtaining living human inner ear tissue. Therefore, we developed an in vitro oxidative stress model of the pre-natal human inner ear using otic progenitor cells (OPCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotherapeutics
November 2024
Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene encoding a mutant huntingtin (mHtt) protein. mHtt aggregates within neurons causing degeneration primarily in the striatum. There is currently a need for disease-modifying treatments for HD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
November 2024
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Health Sciences Learning Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
The presence of multiple pathologies is the largest predictor of dementia. A major gap in the field is the in vivo detection of mixed pathologies and their antecedents. The Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) are uniquely positioned to address this gap.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
November 2024
Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
Human neural organoids, generated from pluripotent stem cells in vitro, are useful tools to study human brain development, evolution and disease. However, it is unclear which parts of the human brain are covered by existing protocols, and it has been difficult to quantitatively assess organoid variation and fidelity. Here we integrate 36 single-cell transcriptomic datasets spanning 26 protocols into one integrated human neural organoid cell atlas totalling more than 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychophysiology
November 2024
Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Department of Music, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
In music ensemble performance, perception-action coupling enables the processing of auditory feedback from oneself and other players. However, improvised actions may affect this coupling differently from predetermined actions. This study used two-person EEG to examine how pianists responded to altered pitch feedback to their own or their partner's actions while they alternated scores or improvised melodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.
Dynamic interactions between large-scale brain networks underpin human cognitive processes, but their electrophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. The triple network model, encompassing the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and frontoparietal network (FPN), provides a framework for understanding these interactions. We analyzed intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 177 participants across four diverse episodic memory experiments, each involving encoding as well as recall phases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
The ability to control movement and learn new motor skills is one of the fundamental functions of the brain. The basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum (CB) are two key brain regions involved in controlling movement, and neuronal plasticity within these two regions is crucial for acquiring new motor skills. However, how these regions interact to produce a cohesive unified motor output remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell
November 2024
Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; The Phil & Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address:
β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is an abundant ketone body. To date, all known pathways of BHB metabolism involve the interconversion of BHB and primary energy intermediates. Here, we identify a previously undescribed BHB secondary metabolic pathway via CNDP2-dependent enzymatic conjugation of BHB and free amino acids.
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