Intelligent in-cell electrophysiology: Reconstructing intracellular action potentials using a physics-informed deep learning model trained on nanoelectrode array recordings.

Intracellular electrophysiology is essential in neuroscience, cardiology, and pharmacology for studying cells' electrical properties. Traditional methods like patch-clamp are precise but low-throughput and invasive. Nanoelectrode Arrays (NEAs) offer a promising alternative by enabling simultaneous intracellular and extracellular action potential (iAP and eAP) recordings with high throughput.

Personalized theta-burst stimulation enhances social skills in young minimally verbal children with autism: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Minimally verbal children with autism are understudied and lack effective treatment options. Personalized continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) targeting the amygdala and its circuitry may be a potential therapeutic approach for this population.

Methods: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, minimally verbal children with autism (ages 2-8 years) received 4 weeks of cTBS.

F-PI-2620 Tau PET is associated with cognitive and motor impairment in Lewy body disease.

Co-pathology is frequent in Lewy body disease, which includes clinical diagnoses of both Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Measuring concomitant pathology can improve clinical and research diagnoses and prediction of cognitive trajectories. Tau PET imaging may serve a dual role in Lewy body disease by measuring cortical tau aggregation as well as assessing dopaminergic loss attributed to binding to neuromelanin within substantia nigra.

Generating human neural diversity with a multiplexed morphogen screen in organoids.

Morphogens choreograph the generation of remarkable cellular diversity in the developing nervous system. Differentiation of stem cells in vitro often relies upon the combinatorial modulation of these signaling pathways. However, the lack of a systematic approach to understand morphogen-directed differentiation has precluded the generation of many neural cell populations, and the general principles of regional specification and maturation remain incomplete.

Contrastive Functional Connectivity Defines Neurophysiology-informed Symptom Dimensions in Major Depression.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder characterized by substantial clinical and neurobiological heterogeneity. Conventional studies that solely focus on clinical symptoms or neuroimaging metrics often fail to capture the intricate relationship between these modalities, limiting their ability to disentangle the complexity in MDD. Moreover, patient neuroimaging data typically contains normal sources of variance shared with healthy controls, which can obscure disorder-specific variance and complicate the delineation of disease heterogeneity.

Discriminative functional connectivity signature of cocaine use disorder links to rTMS treatment response.

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is prevalent, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows promise in reducing cravings. However, the association between a consistent CUD-specific functional connectivity signature and treatment response remains unclear. Here we identify a validated functional connectivity signature from functional magnetic resonance imaging to discriminate CUD, with successful independent replication.

Neuroelectrophysiology-compatible electrolytic lesioning.

Lesion studies have historically been instrumental for establishing causal connections between brain and behavior. They stand to provide additional insight if integrated with multielectrode techniques common in systems neuroscience. Here, we present and test a platform for creating electrolytic lesions through chronically implanted, intracortical multielectrode probes without compromising the ability to acquire neuroelectrophysiology.

Membrane Curvature Promotes ER-PM Contact Formation via Junctophilin-EHD Interactions.

Contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM) play a crucial role in governing calcium regulation and lipid homeostasis. Despite their significance, the factors regulating their spatial distribution on the PM remain elusive. Inspired by observations in cardiomyocytes, where ER-PM contact sites concentrate on tubular PM invaginations known as transverse tubules (T-tubules), we hypothesize that the PM curvature plays a role in ER-PM contact formation.

Florbetaben amyloid PET acquisition time: Influence on Centiloids and interpretation.

Introduction: Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) acquisition timing impacts quantification.

Methods: In florbetaben (FBB) PET scans of 245 adults with and without cognitive impairment, we investigated the impact of post-injection acquisition time on Centiloids (CLs) across five reference regions. CL equations for FBB were derived using standard methods, using FBB data collected between 90 and 110 min with paired Pittsburgh compound B data.

Reduced temporal and spatial stability of neural activity patterns predict cognitive control deficits in children with ADHD.

This study explores the neural underpinnings of cognitive control deficits in ADHD, focusing on overlooked aspects of trial-level variability of neural coding. We employed a novel computational approach to neural decoding on a single-trial basis alongside a cued stop-signal task which allowed us to distinctly probe both proactive and reactive cognitive control. Typically developing (TD) children exhibited stable neural response patterns for efficient proactive and reactive dual control mechanisms.

Naturalistic acute pain states decoded from neural and facial dynamics.

Pain is a complex experience that remains largely unexplored in naturalistic contexts, hindering our understanding of its neurobehavioral representation in ecologically valid settings. To address this, we employed a multimodal, data-driven approach integrating intracranial electroencephalography, pain self-reports, and facial expression quantification to characterize the neural and behavioral correlates of naturalistic acute pain in twelve epilepsy patients undergoing continuous monitoring with neural and audiovisual recordings. High self-reported pain states were associated with elevated blood pressure, increased pain medication use, and distinct facial muscle activations.

Temporal tau asymmetry spectrum influences divergent behavior and language patterns in Alzheimer's disease.

Understanding the psychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer s disease (AD) is crucial for advancing precision medicine and therapeutic strategies. The relationship between AD behavioral symptoms and asymmetry in spatial tau PET patterns is not well-known. Braak tau progression implicates the temporal lobes early.

Translational modulator ISRIB alleviates synaptic and behavioral phenotypes in Fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), a translational regulator that binds the transcripts of proteins involved in synaptic function and plasticity. Dysregulated protein synthesis is a central effect of FMRP loss, however, direct translational modulation has not been leveraged in the treatment of FXS. Thus, we examined the effect of the translational modulator integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) in treating synaptic and behavioral symptoms of FXS.

Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model.

The delivery of intravenously administered cancer therapeutics to brain tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier. A method to directly image the accumulation and distribution of macromolecules in brain tumors in vivo would greatly enhance our ability to understand and optimize drug delivery in preclinical models. This protocol describes a method for real-time in vivo tracking of intravenously administered fluorescent-labeled nanoparticles with two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GBM).

A multi-demand operating system underlying diverse cognitive tasks.

The existence of a multiple-demand cortical system with an adaptive, domain-general, role in cognition has been proposed, but the underlying dynamic mechanisms and their links to cognitive control abilities are poorly understood. Here we use a probabilistic generative Bayesian model of brain circuit dynamics to determine dynamic brain states across multiple cognitive domains, independent datasets, and participant groups, including task fMRI data from Human Connectome Project, Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control study and a neurodevelopment study. We discover a shared brain state across seven distinct cognitive tasks and found that the dynamics of this shared brain state predicted cognitive control abilities in each task.

Correction: Natarajan et al. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. 2023, , 2347.

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The intersection of sleep and synaptic translation in synaptic plasticity deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders experience persistent sleep deficits, and there is increasing evidence that sleep dysregulation is an underlying cause, rather than merely an effect, of the synaptic and behavioral defects observed in these disorders. At the molecular level, dysregulation of the synaptic proteome is a common feature of neurodevelopmental disorders, though the mechanism connecting these molecular and behavioral phenotypes is an ongoing area of investigation. A role for eIF2α in shifting the local proteome in response to changes in the conditions at the synapse has emerged.

Speech patterns during memory recall relates to early tau burden across adulthood.

Introduction: Early cognitive decline may manifest in subtle differences in speech.

Methods: We examined 238 cognitively unimpaired adults from the Framingham Heart Study (32-75 years) who completed amyloid and tau PET imaging. Speech patterns during delayed recall of a story memory task were quantified via five speech markers, and their associations with global amyloid status and regional tau signal were examined.

Tinnitus prevalence, associated characteristics, and related healthcare use in the United States: a population-level analysis.

Background: Tinnitus is a potentially disabling condition with few treatments. We examined the prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus among demographic groups in the United States (US) and assessed associated factors and tinnitus-related healthcare.

Methods: We included adults with and without bothersome tinnitus from the nationally representative 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS; raw n = 36,697), the latest year with tinnitus data.

An electroencephalographic signature predicts craving for methamphetamine.

Craving is central to methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and both characterizes the disease and predicts relapse. However, there is currently a lack of robust and reliable biomarkers for monitoring craving and diagnosing MUD. Here, we seek to identify a neurobiological signature of craving based on individual-level functional connectivity pattern differences between healthy control and MUD subjects.