Recurrent Seizures in an Adolescent Female With Extensive Intracranial Calcifications: A Case Report of Fahr's Syndrome Secondary to Hypoparathyroidism.

Fahr's syndrome is a rare, progressive, neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by bilateral and symmetrical calcifications over the basal ganglia and other parts of the brain, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from neurologic symptoms of movement disorders, seizures, and cerebellar dysfunction to neuropsychiatric symptoms such as dementia, psychosis, and mood disorders. The widespread calcific deposits within the brain tissue that characterize Fahr's syndrome develop secondary to different underlying conditions such as parathyroid disorders, brain infections, and toxic exposures. Hypoparathyroidism, a rare disorder of calcium and phosphate metabolism, is the most commonly identified etiology of Fahr's syndrome.

Current Status of Prostate Biopsy in Africa: Are We Ready for a Targeted Biopsy?

Background: Prostate cancer remains a significant public health issue globally, with considerable disparities in diagnostic and management practices, especially in Africa. Traditional diagnostic methods such as transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies have limitations in accuracy and are associated with potential complications. Emerging targeted biopsy techniques promise improved cancer detection rates and reduced morbidity but face adoption challenges across the African continent due to variable access to advanced imaging technologies and professional expertise.

A rare case of primary unilateral conjunctival small lymphocytic lymphoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Orbital lymphomas, are extranodal lymphomas primarily involving the ocular adnexa, which includes conjunctiva, eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, lacrimal glands, retro-orbital soft tissues, and the extraocular muscles. Ocular adnexal lymphomas can be primary or secondary. This case is important because there are few case reports in the world, and it is among the first case to be reported from Ethiopia.

Conjunctival rhinosporidiosis mimicking pyogenic granuloma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by an infection with the sporulating bacterium rhinosporidium seeberi. It mostly affects the nose and nasopharynx mucous membranes, but it can also affect the conjunctiva uncommonly. Ocular rhinosporidiosis is most commonly shown as a polypoid tumor in the palpebral conjunctiva.

Global viewpoints: proposals for the development of endourology in resource-limited countries in Africa.

Endourology plays an important role in modern urological practice. Compared to open surgery, it offers many advantages. In Africa, endourology is not widely practiced or non-existent in some referral centres.

Self-inflicted penile and testicular amputation: A very rare case report and treatment dilemma in the absence of microsurgical service.

Introduction And Importance: Genital self-mutilation is a rare urologic surgical emergency that is usually encountered in patients with underlying psychiatric illness. Because of shortage of published data and variance in management schemes worldwide, these conditions can present a significant management dilemma.

Case Presentation: In this case report we present this rare phenomenon, where a known schizophrenic patient presented after he amputated both of his testes and penis under the influence of command hallucination.

Nexus between postpartum depression and exclusive breastfeeding practices among lactating mothers in Assosa Town, West Ethiopia.

Background: Across the globe, breastfeeding stands out as a highly effective strategy for reducing infant and child morbidity and mortality. Concurrently, postpartum depression (PPD) emerges as a notable public health issue, adversely affecting both exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices for infants and the fulfillment of parenting roles. Despite the lack of substantial evidence in Ethiopia and the specific study areas, indicating the association between PPD and EBF practices, this study endeavors to fill this gap.

Surgical Advances in Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Africa: What About the Endoscopic Approach?

Objective: To assess the practices, trends, and challenges associated with the use of endoscopic techniques in Africa related to the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia METHODS: The questionnaire, which was based on Google Forms, assessed several points related to the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Results: In 67.4% of the centers, BPH was the primary pathology requiring surgical management.

Neonatal Jaundice: Its Determinants Among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Tigray Region General Hospitals, Northern Ethiopia.

Despite the significant public health impact of neonatal jaundice on neonatal survival, local epidemiologic data are scarce. A multi-centered, unmatched case-control study was conducted among 180 consecutively admitted neonates (60 cases and 120 controls). The independent determinants of newborn jaundice were determined using a multivariable binary logistic regression model, and a -value of <0.

Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Results of Stool and Sputum in Children with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia.

The introduction of stool as a readily obtainable sample and the recently developed simple one-step (SOS) stool processing method on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) offer an opportunity for TB diagnosis in children. We conducted this study in secondary health facilities in Ethiopia, which are the first-level referral facilities for childhood TB diagnosis and treatment, with the aim to determine if stool-based TB diagnosis can be performed with a reasonable level of concordance with sputum tests using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. Eligible children 0-14 years old with presumptive pulmonary TB were asked to provide stools in addition to routinely requested sputum samples.

Management of preexisting pelvic organ prolapse in pregnancy complicated with preterm premature rupture of membrane: a case report.

Background: Pregnancy management is difficult when pelvic organ prolapse already exists. During pregnancy, childbirth, and the days following, clinicians may come across situations that present management dilemmas. Here, we present conservative management of preexisting pelvic organ prolapse in pregnancy complicated with preterm premature rupture of membrane up to term.

Determinants of pneumonia among children attending public health facilities in Worabe town.

Childhood pneumonia is common in developing countries, with significant morbidity and mortality. Taking the significance of the problem and variability of risk factors into account, a study was needed to identify the potential determinants of pneumonia in under-five children. A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 435 children (145 cases and 290 controls) aged 2-59 months at public health facilities in Worabe town from December 28, 2016, to January 30, 2017.

Prevalence and factors associated with failed induction of labor in Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

Background: Induction of labor is one of the most used obstetric procedures in the world. It is performed in around 20% of all pregnancies. Failed induction of labor, on the other hand, has been associated with poorer mother and newborn health outcomes.

Epistaxis and Its Associated Factors Among Precollege Students in Southern Ethiopia.

Background: Epistaxis is one of the most common otorhinolaryngological emergencies affecting the majority of the population in their lifetime, with some of them requiring serious medical attention. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of epistaxis among pre-college students in Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers working in food establishment at Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella, antibiotic susceptibility profile and associated factors among food handlers working in food establishment from June to December 2018 at Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia.

Results: Out of the 236 food handlers screened for stool culture, 5 (2.12%) were positive for Salmonella species and all of them were negative for Shigella species.

The magnitude and correlates of common mental disorder among outpatient medical patients in Ethiopia: an institution based cross-sectional study.

Objective: Common mental disorder has a high prevalence in the general population worldwide. One in four patients visiting any health services has at least one mental disorders and negatively impacts quality of life, physical wellbeing, poor level of functioning, and poor medication adherence. However, research into common mental illness and associated factors among people with outpatient medical patients in low and meddle-income countries is limited.