Can clinical and MRI findings predict the prognosis of variant and classical type of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)?

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by clinical symptoms that are associated with bilateral and symmetric vasogenic edema in the parietal and occipital lobes. However, this is rarely present with predominant involvement of the brain stem and cerebellum (variant).

Purpose: To evaluate which clinical or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can help to predict the prognosis of variant and classical type of PRES and whether or not there is difference between two types of PRES.

Influence of suction tube noise on hearing in pediatric patients who received ventilation tube insertion.

Background: Myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion is the most frequently used surgical procedure performed on children to treat otitis media with effusion. The risk of acoustic trauma caused by the suctioning noise during the procedure has not been clearly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the suctioning noise during ventilation tube placement procedure damaged children's hearing.

Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry studies on the material surface of extruded Polycel ossicular prostheses.

Background: The cause of ossicular prosthesis extrusion remains an issue of interest to many otologists. This study evaluated the change in material surfaces and chemical elements of extruded total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORPs) and partial ossicular replacement prostheses (PORPs).

Methods: A total of nine extruded Polycel ossicular prostheses (four TORPs, five PORPs) from nine patients was investigated using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX).

Preoperative evaluation of bone destruction using three-dimensional computed tomography in cholesteatoma.

This study investigated the usefulness of three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) in the evaluation of bony defects caused by cholesteatoma. Fifteen patients with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma who showed bony destruction or suspicious destruction in two-dimensional CT were examined using 3DCT. The CT data were transferred to a workstation with a real-time image processor.

Topical vancomycin for chronic suppurative otitis media with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus otorrhoea.

There has been a steady increase in the number of cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) otorrhoea; this is a growing concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical vancomycin treatment in patients with MRSA otorrhoea. Fifty-five patients with MRSA otorrhoea were prospectively enrolled into the study.

Sudden hearing loss in intralabyrinthine haemorrhage in a child.

This paper reports an unusual case in which aseptic meningitis presented with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) associated with intralabyrinthine haemorrhage (ILH). A seven-year-old girl presented with sudden right-sided hearing loss with dizziness. She did not have a previous history of bleeding disorders.

Emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant pseudomonas in chronic suppurative otitis media.

The most frequently isolated organism in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ototopical ciprofloxacin has proven effectiveness against P. aeruginosa.

[Genotypes of hepatitis B virus on Jeju island].

Background/aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was classified into 8 genotypes by a sequence divergence in the entire genome designated from A to H. HBV genotypes have distinct geographic distributions. Recently, HBV genotypes have been partially found as influencing the clinical manifestation of chronic liver disease in hosts.

Expression of mast cell tryptase in pediatric otitis media with effusion.

Objective: To evaluate the possible relationship between allergy and otitis media with effusion (OME), we investigated the presence and level of tryptase, which reflect mast cell activity.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five children with intractable OME were studied. Thirteen patients were confirmed allergy positive by multiallergosorbent test.

Penetration of cefprozil to middle ear effusion in children with chronic otitis media with effusion.

Background: Because of chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) demonstrates pathogenic bacteria, treatment with appropriate antibiotic is reasonable.

Objective: We determined the penetration of cefprozil into the middle ear effusion (MEE) in children with COME.

Materials And Methods: 25 patients 2-13 years of age with COME were eligible for study.

Demonstration of RANTES and eosinophilic cataionic protein in otitis media with effusion with allergy.

Regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and -secreted (RANTES) is a chemokine which is an effective eosinophil and memory T cell chemoattractant and activator, and eosinophil is an important effector cell in allergic disease. It may contribute to the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME). Eosinophil cataionic protein (ECP), one of the major components of basic granules of eosinophils which is identified in middle ear effusion (MEE).

Emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant pseudomonas in pediatric otitis media.

Objective: The widespread use of fluoroquinolone otic drops has resulted in the emergence and subsequent increase of fluoroquinolone resistance, at rates greater than anticipated. To evaluate the patients with recurrent otorrhea that were unresponsive to topical ciprofloxacin.

Methods: Seventeen pediatric patients who were treated with refractory otorrhea between 2000 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively.

Effect of exposure to mitomycin C on cultured tympanic membrane fibroblasts.

Objective: Recently, attempts have been made to prolong the patency of myringotomy site with topical use of mitomycin C (MMC). It has been shown that MMC inhibits mitosis and proliferation of ocular fibroblasts, however, there are no studies of MMC's effect on tympanic membrane fibroblasts. To investigate the effects of MMC on cultured human tympanic membrane fibroblasts and understand the cellular basis of MMC for maintain myringotomy patency, cultured fibroblasts were exposed to various concentrations of MMC for periods of 5-10 min.

Changes in external ear resonance after mastoidectomy: open cavity mastoid versus obliterated mastoid cavity.

The creation of an open mastoid cavity changes the acoustic characteristics of the external ear. The aim of this study was to ascertain the acoustic change in the external auditory canal caused by an open mastoid cavity and to compare it with mastoid obliteration. The external ear resonance characteristics were measured in 40 normal adult ears, 20 ears with an open mastoid cavity and 40 ears with an obliterated mastoid.

Characterization of cytokines present in pediatric otitis media with effusion: comparison of allergy positive and negative.

To investigate the possible relationship between allergy and otitis media with effusion (OME), we investigated the cytokine level in the middle ear effusion (MEE)s of children with persistent OME. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the MEEs were measured by devised sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared allergy positive group with allergy negative group. The mean levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in MEE were significantly higher in allergy positive group than allergy negative group (P<0.