Genome-wide association study of anterior uveitis.

Background/aims: The purpose of this study is to define genetic factors associated with anterior uveitis through genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Methods: In this GWAS meta-analysis, we combined data from the FinnGen, Estonian Biobank and UK Biobank with a total of 12 205 anterior uveitis cases and 917 145 controls. We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to investigate associations across phenotypes and traits.

Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) in Treating Osteoarthritis.

Despite osteoarthritis (OA) being recognised for over a century as a debilitating disease that affects millions, there are huge gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology that drives this disease. Present day studies that focussed on ubiquitination (Ub) and ubiquitylation-like (Ubl) modification related mechanisms have brought light into the possibility of attenuating OA development by targeting these specific proteins in chondrocytes. In the present review, we discuss recent advances in studies involving Ub ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) which are of importance in the development of OA, and may offer potential therapeutic strategies for OA.

Nanopore Sequencing as a Cutting-Edge Technology for Medulloblastoma Classification.

Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most prevalent embryonal malignant brain tumors. Current classification organizes these tumors into four molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 MB). Recently, a comprehensive classification has been established, identifying numerous subtypes, some of which exhibit a poor prognosis.

Latent Tuberculosis Infection Amongst Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: The Impact of Routine Pretransplant Review by a Transplant Infectious Diseases Physician.

Background: Identifying patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is challenging. This is particularly true amongst immunocompromised hosts, in whom the diagnostic accuracy of available tests is limited. The authors evaluated the impact of routine pretransplant review by a transplant infectious diseases (TID) physician on LTBI screening in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) recipients.

Repositioning the Posterior Septal Angle in Rhinoplasty: Methods and Outcomes.

Objective: Repositioning and fixation of the posterior septal angle (PSA) relative to the anterior nasal spine (ANS) is a well-known maneuver performed during rhinoplasty. Suture techniques through the periosteum along with transosseous drilling through the spine are the two most common fixation methods. We report on how nasal airway patency varies as a function of technique and patient demographic factors.

Incidental finding of intravascular large B cell lymphoma in a multinodular goiter.

No abstract available.

ICAM-1 expression is upregulated in the umbilical vein endothelial cells in acute chorioamnionitis with foetal inflammatory response.

Introduction: ICAM-1 is an adhesion molecule expressed on the endothelial cells and is involved in regulating leukocyte recruitment to the site of inflammation. Elevated ICAM-1 mRNA expression was found in the serum of mothers with chorioamnionitis. This study aimed to determine the expression of ICAM-1 in the placenta and umbilical cord of pregnancy with chorioamnionitis, and its association with adverse neonatal outcome.

Beyond platelet production: Megakaryocytes' emerging roles in immunity and infection.

Conventionally, megakaryocytes (MKs) are regarded as platelet-producing cells and their platelet-related functions in haemostasis have been well documented. However, it is increasingly evident that MKs have functions beyond platelet production. Convincing findings suggest that MKs are active participants in immunity and infections.

The Burden of Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across the United Kingdom: Results From a National Snapshot Study.

Background: To investigate the management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) and describe survival outcomes.

Methods: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a retrospective national observational cohort was conducted. All patients with rHNSCC who received a definitive treatment decision between September 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021 were included.

Fully-automated segmentation of muscle and inter-/intra-muscular fat from magnetic resonance images of calves and thighs: an open-source workflow in Python.

Background: INTER- and INTRAmuscular fat (IMF) is elevated in high metabolic states and can promote inflammation. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) excels in depicting IMF, the lack of reproducible tools prevents the ability to measure change and track intervention success.

Methods: We detail an open-source fully-automated iterative threshold-seeking algorithm (ITSA) for segmenting IMF from T1-weighted MRI of the calf and thigh within three cohorts (CaMos Hamilton (N = 54), AMBERS (N = 280), OAI (N = 105)) selecting adults 45-85 years of age.

The moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms.

Loneliness has been recognized as a pressing global health threat. Research shows that loneliness is associated with depressive symptoms, but less is known about what factors might influence this relationship. This study tested the hypothesis that mindfulness would buffer the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms.

Direct detection of 4-dimensions of SARS-CoV-2: infection (vRNA), infectivity (antigen), binding antibody, and functional neutralizing antibody in saliva.

We developed a 4-parameter clinical assay using Electric Field Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM) technology to simultaneously assess SARS-CoV-2 RNA (vRNA), nucleocapsid antigen, host binding (BAb) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels from a drop of saliva with performance that equals or surpasses current EUA-approved tests. The vRNA and antigen assays achieved lower limit of detection (LOD) of 100 copies/reaction and 3.5 TCID₅₀/mL, respectively.

Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody durability in Puerto Rico.

Understanding the dynamics of antibody responses following vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for informing effective vaccination strategies and other public health interventions. This study investigates SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics in a Puerto Rican cohort, analyzing how IgG levels vary by vaccination status and previous infection. We assess waning immunity and the distribution of hybrid immunity with the aim to inform public health strategies and vaccination programs in Puerto Rico and similar settings.

The association between baseline viral load and long-term risk in patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a territory-wide study.

COVID-19 can increase the long-term risk of multiorgan dysfunction. Few studies investigated the long-term risk in Asian populations or investigated the association between viral load and long-term risk. We aimed to investigate the post-discharge rates of hospitalization and association with baseline viral load in all patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong.

Integrated computational biophysics approach for drug discovery against Nipah virus.

The Nipah virus (NiV) poses a pressing global threat to public health due to its high mortality rate, multiple modes of transmission, and lack of effective treatments. NiV glycoprotein G (NiV-G) emerges as a promising target for the discovery of NiV drugs because of its essential role in viral entry and membrane fusion. Therefore, in this study, we applied an integrated computational and biophysics approach to identify potential inhibitors of NiV-G within a curated dataset of Peruvian phytochemicals.

Correction: Mapping of UK Biobank clinical codes: Challenges and possible solutions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Potential use of salivary TNF-α as a vaccine-induced pain biomarker in people with cerebral palsy and communication disorders.

Background: Pain in people with cerebral palsy (CP) has been classically underestimated and poorly treated, particularly in individuals with impaired communication skills.

Objective: To analyze changes in different salivary metabolites and pain behavior scales after a painful procedure in adults with CP and adults with typical development.

Methods: Salivary levels of sTNF-α, sIgA, Cortisol, FRAP, ADA and Alpha Amylase, as well as 3 observational pain scales (Wong-Baker, Non-Communicating Adults Pain Checklist and Facial Action Coding System) were assessed before and after an intramuscular injection in 30 Individuals with CP and 30 healthy controls.

Anti-VEGF therapy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

Purpose: Multiple mitochondrial syndromes, such as Kearns-Sayre, involve the concurrence of diabetes mellitus and inherited pigmentary retinopathy. It is rare, however, for proliferative disease to develop in these patients as existing inner retinal dysfunction is thought to be protective.

Methods: To our knowledge this is the first description of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

Enhanced Specificity in Colorimetric LAMP Assay for Detection Using a Combination of Two Additives.

The genus comprises fungal species closely related to , with and being medically important. These species can cause infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The current detection methods are limited, prompting the need for rapid and specific diagnostic tools.

Breaking Barriers: Empowering Cervical Cancer Screening with HPV Self-Sampling for Sex Workers and Formerly Incarcerated Women in Toronto.

Background: Although cervical cancer (CC) is highly preventable through appropriate screening methods like the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, which enables early detection of malignant and precancerous lesions, access to such screening has not been equitable across social groups. Sex workers and people with records of incarceration are among the most under-screened populations in Ontario. Little is known about the acceptability and feasibility of HPV self-sampling (HPV-SS) as an alternative cervical cancer screening method for these groups.

The Role of Frailty and Myosteatosis in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cancer.

Frailty and myosteatosis are each prognostic of all-cause mortality (ACM) in patients with cancer. However, it is unclear whether myosteatosis adds value to frailty for predicting ACM. We assessed whether myosteatosis improves the predictive ability of frailty for ACM in older adults undergoing chemotherapy.

Anatomical, behavioral, and cognitive teratogenicity associated with valproic acid: a systematic review.

Background: Recent guidance from UK health authorities strongly cautions against the use of valproic acid (VPA) in persons under 55 because of reevaluated risk of teratogenicity.

Objective: To summarize the extant literature documenting VPA-associated anatomical, behavioral, and cognitive teratogenicity.

Method: Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane Library, PsychInfo, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Maternal and pregnancy factors contributing to the association between area deprivation and infant mortality in England: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in the UK is rising. This study aims to identify contributory maternal and pregnancy factors that can explain the known association between area deprivation and infant mortality.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care data between 2004 and 2019 linked to the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), and infant mortality from the Office for National Statistics death data.