Effect of a national antibiotic stewardship intervention in China targeting carbapenem overuse: An interrupted time-series analysis.

Objectives: To assess trends and patterns of carbapenem use and to evaluate the effects of a nationwide antibiotic stewardship policy to reduce carbapenem overuse.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, using longitudinal data from the national drug procurement database and interrupted time-series analyses with carbapenems as the intervention group and possible carbapenem substitutes as the comparison group, we evaluated the effects of a national stewardship policy on carbapenem consumption and expenditures, by region and types of healthcare institutions.

Results: The carbapenem procurement volume declined by -28.

Maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with twin pregnancies based on gestational weight gain: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies based on the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines of gestational weight gain (GWG).

Methods: PubMED, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched up to 30 July 2022. All studies evaluating maternal and/or neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancies based on the IOM guidelines of gestational weight gain were included.

Exploring the molecular and clinical spectrum of COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy in three pediatric cases.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare disease that predominantly affects children and is associated with a high mortality rate. Here we report three cases of COVID-19-related ANE in children, with the mutation detection in two genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The cases exhibited common ANE symptoms, such as fever, impaired consciousness, positive pathological reflex, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein, and multifocal and symmetric brain lesions identified through MRI.

Mesenchymal stem cells therapy improves ovarian function in premature ovarian failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on preclinical studies.

Background: Studies have revealed that the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might be a potential star candidate for premature ovarian failure (POF) in animal experiments. However, individual studies with a small sample size cannot be used to draw a clear conclusion. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the potential of using MSCs in the treatment of POF in animals.

Nephropathy in a Child with Severe Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Treated with Cyclophosphamide: A Case Report.

Long-term inflammation and recurrent skin infection in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) are associated with the presence of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-containing immune complexes in the glomerulus. Only eight pediatric RDEB cases with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have been documented in English-language literature. Most RDEB patients with IgAN progress to kidney failure within 5 years of diagnosis, indicating that these patients may require more intensive early treatment compared to those with primary IgAN.

Performance of noninvasive prenatal testing for twin pregnancies in South China.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for the detection of chromosomal aneuploidies and copy number variations (CNVs) in twin pregnancies.

Method: A cohort of 2010 women with twin pregnancies was recruited. 1331 patients opted for NIPT, and 679 patients opted for expanded NIPT (NIPT-plus).

Association between serum LH levels on hCG trigger day and live birth rate after fresh embryo transfer with GnRH antagonist regimen in different populations.

Objective: To investigate whether serum LH levels on hCG trigger day are associated with live birth rate (LBR) after fresh embryo transfer with GnRH antagonist regimen in different populations.

Methods: This study was a retrospective study. A total of 3059 fresh embryo transfers were divided into three populations: predicted normal ovarian responders (NOR) (n=2049), patients with PCOS (n=533), and predicted poor ovarian responders (POR) (n=477).

Dose-response study of prophylactic nitroglycerin for prevention of pituitrin-induced hypertension during laparoscopic myomectomy: a prospective, randomized study.

Objective: To determine the dose-response of nitroglycerin in preventing pituitrin-induced hypertension in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy.

Methods: Hundred patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic myomectomy were randomly allocated into one of five groups ( = 20) to receive intravenous bolus of prophylactic nitroglycerin at 0, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μg one minute following administration of 3 IU of pituitrin into the myometrium. The patients were monitored for pituitrin-induced hypertension with the primary outcome to determine the effective dose of prophylactic nitroglycerin, defined as complete prevention of pituitrin-induced hypertension during the study period.

Selective activation of AKAP150/TRPV1 in ventrolateral periaqueductal gray GABAergic neurons facilitates conditioned place aversion in male mice.

Aversion refers to feelings of strong dislike or avoidance toward particular stimuli or situations. Aversion can be caused by pain stimuli and has a long-term negative impact on physical and mental health. Aversion can also be caused by drug abuse withdrawal, resulting in people with substance use disorder to relapse.

PABPN1 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by suppressing the alternative polyadenylation of SGPL1 and CREG1.

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in cancer development and progression. Poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) is a gene that encodes abundant nuclear protein, binds with high affinity to nascent poly(A) tails, and is crucial for 3'-UTR (3'-untranslated region) APA. Although PABPN1 has been recently reported as a dominant master APA regulator in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the underlying functional mechanism remain unclear and the genes subject to PABPN1 regulation that contribute to ccRCC progression have not been identified.

Association between cell-free DNA fetal fraction and pregnant character: a retrospective cohort study of 27,793 maternal plasmas.

To determine the association between cell-free DNA fetal fraction (cffDNA) and various prenatal characters to better guide the clinical application of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS), a retrospective cohort study of 27,793 women with singleton pregnancies was conducted. Results indicated that no significant difference on cffDNA between trisomy/sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) and non-trisomy groups was found. However, the fetal fraction (FF) in the T18 and T13 subgroups were significantly lower than that in the non-trisomy group, while the FF in the T21 group was significantly higher than the non-trisomy group.

A study examining the correlation between serum 25-OH-VitD levels, CD3-CD19+ B lymphocytes, and the risk of early spontaneous abortion in pregnant women.

The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the correlation between serum 25-OH-VitD levels, coagulation function, immune factors, and the risk of spontaneous abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, independent risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy were identified. A total of 412 pregnant women who attended Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between October 2021 and February 2022 were included in the study.

ALPK1 Expressed in IB4-Positive Neurons of Mice Trigeminal Ganglions Promotes MIA-Induced TMJ pain.

Pain is one of the main reasons for patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders seeking medical care. However, there is no effective treatment yet as its mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we found that the injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) into mice TMJs can induce typical joint pain as early as 3 days, accompanied by an increased percentage of calcitonin gene-related peptide positive (CGRP) neurons and isolectin B4 positive (IB4) in the trigeminal ganglions (TGs).

The role of placental aging in adverse pregnancy outcomes: A mitochondrial perspective.

Premature placental aging is associated with placental insufficiency, which reduces the functional capacity of the placenta, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placental mitochondria are vital organelles that provide energy and play essential roles in placental development and functional maintenance. In response to oxidative stress, damage, and senescence, an adaptive response is induced to selectively remove mitochondria through the mitochondrial equivalent of autophagy.

Comparison and development of machine learning for thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy prediction of refractory Crohn's disease in Chinese population.

Background: Thalidomide is an effective treatment for refractory Crohn's disease (CD). However, thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy (TiPN), which has a large individual variation, is a major cause of treatment failure. TiPN is rarely predictable and recognized, especially in CD.

Case report: Bilateral parotid abscess in a 54-day-old infant.

Acute parotid abscess (PA) is rare in children and is prone to occur in neonates or preterm infants with high-risk factors. Sporadic cases of unilateral PA have been reported in older children. Here, we report a case of a 54-day-old child who developed bilateral PA due to infection.

Pediatric peritoneal dialysis training program and its relationship to peritonitis: a study of the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network.

Background: The guidelines for training of patients and caregivers to perform home peritoneal dialysis (PD) uniformly include recommendations pertaining to the prevention of peritonitis. The objective of this study conducted by the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network (IPPN) was to investigate the training practices for pediatric PD and to evaluate the impact of these practices on the peritonitis and exit-site infection (ESI) rate.

Methods: A questionnaire regarding details of the PD program and training practices was distributed to IPPN member centers, while peritonitis and ESI rates were either derived from the IPPN registry or obtained directly from the centers.

High anti-Mullerian hormone level is adversely associated with cumulative live birth rates of two embryo transfers after the first initiated cycle in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been recently identified as a potential predictor of live birth rates (LBRs) following assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. This study aimed to investigate the association between AMH levels and the outcomes of fertilization (IVF) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: Patients with PCOS initiating their first ovarian stimulation under the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol at the Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, China, were enrolled from November 2014 to September 2018.

Infantile fibrosarcoma of the perineum with dorsal metastasis in a neonate: a case report original.

Background: Infantile fibrosarcoma is a rare pediatric soft tissue tumor and usually appears in children before one year of age. Distal extremities constitute the most frequently affected locations, and other tissues such as the trunk, head and neck, gut, sacrococcygeal region, and viscera are uncommon sites.

Case Presentation: We describe a rare case of infantile fibrosarcoma arising from the perineum.

Triglyceride glucose index is a significant predictor of severe disturbance of consciousness and all-cause mortality in critical cerebrovascular disease patients.

Objective: The association of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with severe consciousness disturbance and in-hospital mortality in patients with cerebrovascular disease in the intensive care unit (ICU) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the TyG index's predictive ability on the severity of impaired consciousness and in-hospital mortality in patients with cerebrovascular disease in the ICU.

Method: Patients diagnosed with non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction were extracted from the MIMIC-IV database and analyzed as two cohorts.

Expression of PGRMC1 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its molecular mechanism for regulating ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and glucolipid metabolism.

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in women with reproductive age, which is associated with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and ovulatory dysfunction. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) can mediate progesterone to inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and the growth of follicles, and to induce glucolipid metabolism disorder in ovarian granulosa cells, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of PCOS. This study aims to determine the expression of PGRMC1 in serum, ovarian tissue, ovarian granulosa cells, and follicular fluid in PCOS patients and non-PCOS patients, analyze the value of PGRMC1 in diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of PCOS, and investigate its molecular mechanism on ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and glucolipid metabolism.

Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity and Pathogenic Potential of Haemophilus seminalis and Emended Description of Haemophilus seminalis.

Haemophilus seminalis is a newly proposed species that is phylogenetically related to Haemophilus haemolyticus. The distribution of in the human population, its genomic diversity, and its pathogenic potential are still unclear. This study reports the finding of our comparative genomic analyses of four newly isolated Haemophilus strains (SZY H8, SZY H35, SZY H36, and SZY H68) from human sputum specimens (Guangzhou, China) along with the publicly available genomes of other phylogenetically related Haemophilus species.

The trends in death of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies worldwide: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and implications for liver cancer management.

Background: Over past decades, epidemiological patterns of liver cancer (LC) have changed dramatically. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study provides an opportunity for tracking the progress in cancer control with its annual updated reports at national, regional and global level, which can facilitate the health decision-making and the allocation of health resources. Therefore, we aim to estimate the global, regional and national trends of death caused by liver cancer due to specific etiologies and attributable risks from 1990 to 2019.