Sweet Taste Preference as a Moderator of Links Between Internalizing Symptoms and Alcohol Craving.

Objective: Strong positive links exist between mood, alcohol craving, and sweet taste preference. During alcohol abstinence, individuals have increased cravings for alcohol and sweets, in association with anxiety and depression symptoms. Research also suggests a substitution effect of alcohol with sweets.

Indocyanine green angiography guidance for vascular preservation in skin and nipple sparing mastectomy.

Purpose: The skin and/or nipple-sparing approach has become an oncologically sound and desirable choice for women choosing mastectomy. Indocyanine green (ICG) perfusion imaging has been shown to reduce ischemic complications in mastectomy skin flaps. Immediate reconstruction requires a well-vascularized skin flap capable of tolerating full expansion.

Fetal neuroimaging applications for diagnosis and counseling of brain anomalies: Current practice and future diagnostic strategies.

Advances in fetal brain neuroimaging, especially fetal neurosonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow safe and accurate anatomical assessments of fetal brain structures that serve as a foundation for prenatal diagnosis and counseling regarding fetal brain anomalies. Fetal neurosonography strategically assesses fetal brain anomalies suspected by screening ultrasound. Fetal brain MRI has unique technological features that overcome the anatomical limits of smaller fetal brain size and the unpredictable variable of intrauterine motion artifact.

Antibiotic Duration and UTI Outcomes in Recurrent UTI Patients.

Importance: Little evidence is available to inform management of acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women with recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI).

Objective: This study aimed to compare the proportion of acute UTIs with persistence/relapse or recurrence based on duration of treatment antibiotics (acute UTI guideline-consistent versus extended).

Study Design: A retrospective noninferiority study of women with rUTI was performed at an academic tertiary referral center from January 2016 to December 2020.

Immunohistochemical findings and clinicopathological features of breast cancers with pathogenic germline mutations in Non-BRCA genes.

Deleterious germline mutations in multiple genes confer an increased breast cancer (BC) risk. Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of protein products of mutated high-risk genes has not been investigated in BC. We hypothesized that pathogenic mutations may lead to an abnormal IHC expression pattern in the tumor cells.

High-risk neighbourhoods and behaviour outcomes in children born extremely preterm.

Aim: Study the association between neighbourhood risk and behaviour in extreme preterm (EPT) children. We hypothesised that EPT children living in high-risk neighbourhoods have increased risk of clinical range behaviour problems at age 30-36 months.

Methods: Retrospective analyses of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)scores for 739 EPTs born 2005-2016.

Identifying ChatGPT-Written Patient Education Materials Using Text Analysis and Readability.

Objective:  Artificial intelligence (AI)-based text generators such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) have come into the forefront of modern medicine. Given the similarity between AI-generated and human-composed text, tools need to be developed to quickly differentiate the two. Previous work has shown that simple grammatical analysis can reliably differentiate AI-generated text from human-written text.

An evaluation of the utility of computed tomography in high-risk endometrial cancer surveillance.

Objectives: Endometrial cancer is a collection of heterogeneous histologies and molecular subtypes with different risk profiles. High-risk endometrial cancer surveillance regimens vary amongst providers. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends symptom and exam-based surveillance for all endometrial cancers after remission, regardless of cancer stage and histology.

Novel forms of ventilation in neonates: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and proportional assist ventilation.

Patient-triggered modes of ventilation are currently the standard of practice in the care of term and preterm infants. Maintaining spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation promotes earlier weaning and possibly reduces ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. A further development of assisted ventilation provides support in proportion to the respiratory effort and enables the patient to have full control of their ventilatory cycle.

Mobile solutions to Empower reproductive life planning for women living with HIV in Kenya (MWACh EMPOWER): Protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Women living with HIV (WLWH) face unique reproductive health (RH) barriers which increase their risks of unmet need for contraception, contraceptive failure, unintended pregnancy, and pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality and may prevent them from achieving their reproductive goals. Patient-centered counseling interventions that support health care workers (HCWs) in providing high-quality RH counseling, tailored to the needs of WLWH, may improve reproductive health outcomes.

Methods And Design: We are conducting a non-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) of a digital health intervention for WLWH (clinicaltrials.

Mechanical ventilation in special populations.

Optimal respiratory support can only be achieved if the ventilator strategy utilized for each individual patient at any given point in the evolution of their disease process is tailored to the underlying pathophysiology. The critically ill newborn infant requires individualized patient care when it comes to mechanical ventilation. This can only occur if the clinician has a good understanding of the different pathophysiologies of a variety of conditions that can lead to respiratory failure.

Volume-targeted ventilation.

Despite strong evidence of important benefits of volume-targeted ventilation, many high-risk extremely preterm infants continue to receive traditional pressure-controlled ventilation in the United States and elesewhere. Reluctance to abandon one's comfort zone, lack of suitable equipment and a lack of understanding of the subtleties of volume-targeted ventilation appear to contribute to the relatively slow uptake of volume-targeted ventilation. This review will underscore the benefits of using tidal volume as the primary control variable, to improve clinicians' understanding of the way volume-targeted ventilation interacts with the awake, breathing infant and to provide information about evidence-based tidal volume targets in various circmstances.

Equity, inclusion and cultural humility: contemporizing the neonatal intensive care unit family-centered care model.

Existing NICU family centered care models lack the key elements of equity, inclusion and cultural humility. These models were conceived to support families during the stressful life event of an infant's NICU admission. Their development, however, occurred prior to recognition of the medical field's systematic shortcomings in providing equitable care and their impact on outcome disparities for marginalized communities; thus, they do not include cultural or equitable healthcare considerations.

Risk of Autism after Prenatal Topiramate, Valproate, or Lamotrigine Exposure.

Background: Maternal use of valproate during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Although most studies of other antiseizure medications have not shown increased risks of these disorders, there are limited and conflicting data regarding the risk of autism spectrum disorder associated with maternal topiramate use.

Methods: We identified a population-based cohort of pregnant women and their children within two health care utilization databases in the United States, with data from 2000 through 2020.

Ovarian Cancer Risk-Reduction and Screening in Mutation Carriers.

To determine the utilization of risk-reducing strategies and screening protocols for ovarian cancer in female carriers. This study was a sub-analysis of female participants from a larger multicenter, cross-sectional survey of mutation carriers unaffected by cancer. The questionnaire was administered electronically email at four institutions located in the northeast United States.

Cardiovascular and obstetrical outcomes among delivering patients with Marfan or Loeys-Dietz syndrome: a retrospective analysis by hospital delivery setting.

Background: Pregnancy is a high-risk time for patients with Marfan syndrome or Loeys-Dietz syndrome because of the risk for cardiovascular complications, including the risk for aortic dissection. Little is known about the differences in obstetrical and cardiac outcomes based on delivery hospital setting (academic or academic-affiliated vs community medical centers).

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the obstetrical and cardiac outcomes of patients with Marfan syndrome or Loeys-Dietz syndrome based on delivery hospital setting.

Higher fluid and lower caloric intakes: associated risk of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ELBW infants.

Objective: To examine nutritional intake profiles and growth trajectories of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants who develop severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Study Design: Case-control study using multiple logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equations (GEE) to adjust for matching.

Results: Cumulative and mean fluid intakes were higher (p = 0.

Neuroprotective efficacy of hypothermia and Inter-alpha Inhibitor Proteins after hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats.

Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care for hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy. Inter-alpha Inhibitor Proteins (IAIPs) attenuate brain injury after HI in neonatal rats. Human (h) IAIPs (60 ​mg/kg) or placebo (PL) were given 15 ​min, 24 and 48 ​h to postnatal (P) day-7 rats after carotid ligation and 8% oxygen for 90 ​min with (30 ​°C) and without (36 ​°C) exposure to hypothermia 1.