Non-invasive assessment of intracranial compliance in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an MRI-ICP study.

Background/objectives: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease which threatens vision and causes disabling headaches, affecting women of childbearing age with obesity. It is characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP), measured invasively either with lumbar punctures or intracranially-inserted monitors. There is an unmet clinical need to develop non-invasive means to assess ICP.

Genome-wide association analysis of composite sleep health scores in 413,904 individuals.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of several individual sleep traits have identified hundreds of genetic loci, suggesting diverse mechanisms. Moreover, sleep traits are moderately correlated, so together may provide a more complete picture of sleep health, while illuminating distinct domains. Here we construct novel sleep health scores (SHSs) incorporating five core self-report measures: sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, chronotype, snoring, and daytime sleepiness, using additive (SHS-ADD) and five principal components-based (SHS-PCs) approaches.

Aetiology of chronic liver disease is a valuable factor for stratifying adverse outcomes of acute decompensation: prospective observational study.

Background/aims: Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies.

Unraveling complexity and leveraging opportunities in uncommon breast cancer subtypes.

Special histologic subtypes of breast cancer (BC) exhibit unique phenotypes and molecular profiles with diagnostic and therapeutic implications, often differing in behavior and clinical trajectory from common BC forms. Novel methodologies, such as artificial intelligence may improve classification. Genetic predisposition plays roles in a subset of cases.

Best practices for including sex as a variable in appetite research.

Despite increasing recognition that sex is a critical variable in appetite research, many studies fail to include participants of both sexes, fail to consider reproductive physiology in participant selection, or include both sexes but fail to test for sex differences in outcomes. To help remedy this situation, this article seeks to engender enthusiasm for including sex as a variable in appetite research. We first illustrate some sex differences in healthy and disordered eating, including both male-female differences and differences across the menstrual cycle.

A Call for a Neoadjuvant Kidney Cancer Consortium: Lessons Learned from Other Cancer Types.

Neoadjuvant systemic treatment strategies have improved outcomes in several solid tumour types. This success has not yet been replicated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A consensus and international collaboration are urgently needed for the development of adaptive perioperative immunotherapy strategies for patients with RCC at high risk of recurrence.

Assessment of Organ Donation Knowledge and Attitudes Among Patients Visiting the Nephrology Outpatient Clinic at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility.

This study aims to assess the knowledge levels, attitudes, and influencing factors related to organ donation among patients who visited the Nephrology outpatient clinic. This descriptive and cross-sectional research had 269 participants. Research data were collected utilizing a three-part questionnaire.

Age Self Care-Resilience, a medical group visit program targeting pre-frailty: A mixed methods pilot clinical trial.

Background: Pre-frailty is highly prevalent and multimodal lifestyle interventions are effective for preventing transition to frailty. However, little is known about the potential for medical group visits (MGV) to prevent frailty progression.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of the MGV Age Self Care-Resilience.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Clinical outcomes of patients with unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy versus best medical management of medium vessel occlusion stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory.

Background: Current randomized controlled trials are investigating the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke. Whether best medical management (MM) is more efficient than unsuccessful vessel recanalization during MT remains unknown.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from 37 academic centers across North America, Asia, and Europe between September 2017 and July 2021.

Obstetric and pregnancy-related factors associated with caesarean delivery in Bangladesh: a survey in Rajshahi district.

Objectives: Caesarean section (CS) delivery is the most common operative obstetric procedure globally. The increasing trend of CS deliveries poses a significant threat to both child and maternal health. The adverse maternal outcomes associated with caesarean delivery represent a substantial public health concern worldwide.

Factors associated with cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Moshi municipality, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Screening for cervical cancer has been a globally advocated preventive strategy to reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and barriers of cervical cancer screening, and to determine factors associated with cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Moshi municipality, northern Tanzania.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study between August and September 2020.

At mid gestation, markers of placental function rather than maternal cardiac function are stronger determinants of birthweight.

Background: The role of maternal cardiac and hemodynamic assessment during normal and complicated pregnancies has gained attention during the last few years. Some researchers suggested that the manifestation of complications in pregnancy suffering from impaired placentation is mainly driven by pre-existing cardiac changes, identifiable at an early stage by echocardiographic and hemodynamic assessment. It is therefore of great importance to determine the link between placental perfusion and maternal cardiac function and hemodynamics.

Therapeutic strategies: Bioactive hydrogels oxidized sodium alginate/strontium/betamethasone for preventing intrauterine adhesion.

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is an endometrial damage repair disorder that leads to menstrual loss, amenorrhea, and infertility in women; therefore, addressing this dilemma is a critical challenge. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel, comprising oxidized sodium alginate (OSA), strontium carbonate (SrCO), and betamethasone 21-phosphate sodium (BSP), was formulated to facilitate angiogenesis, reduce fibrosis, and support tissue repair in the treatment of IUA. The composite hydrogels showed significant bioactivity on human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), promoting the injured HESCs repair, reversing the degree of fibrosis to a certain extent, and enhancing the proliferation and migration of HUVECs.

Machine learning prediction of in-hospital mortality and external validation in patients with cardiogenic shock: the RESCUE score.

Introduction And Objectives: Despite advances in mechanical circulatory support, mortality rates in cardiogenic shock (CS) remain high. A reliable risk stratification system could serve as a valuable guide in the clinical management of patients with CS. This study aimed to develop and externally validate a risk prediction model for in-hospital mortality in CS patients using machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Molecular allergy diagnosis enabling personalized medicine.

Allergic patients are characterized by complex and patient-specific IgE sensitization profiles to various allergens, which are accompanied by different phenotypes of allergic disease. Molecular allergy (MA) diagnosis establishes the patient's IgE reactivity profile at a molecular allergen level and has moved allergology into the "Precision Medicine" era. Molecular allergology started in the late 1980s with the isolation of the first allergen-encoding DNA sequences.

Thalassemia genetic screening of pregnant women with anemia in Northern China through comprehensive analysis of thalassemia alleles (CATSA).

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder and traditionally considered more prevalent in Southern China. However, with increased migration and intermarriage, more and more thalassemia carriers had been reported in Northern China. The lack of screening for thalassemia carriers may also result in missed diagnosis in Northern China.

Predicting a strongly positive fluid balance in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A multicentre, international study.

Background: In critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), a fluid balance (FB) > 2 L at 72 h after AKI diagnosis is associated with adverse outcomes. Identification of patients at high-risk for such fluid accumulation may help prevent it.

Methods: We used Australian electronic medical record (EMR)-based clinical data to develop the "AKI-FB risk score", validated it in a British cohort and used it to predict a positive FB >2 L at 72 h after AKI diagnosis.

Global, regional and national burden of neuroblastoma and other peripheral nervous system tumors, 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2035: visualizing epidemiological characteristics based on GBD 2021.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children, accounting for >15 % of cancer-related deaths in children. We analyzed the epidemiological statistical indicators of neuroblastoma and other peripheral nervous system tumors patients from 1990 to 2021 in Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, aiming to provide valuable insights for public health interventions and clinical practices.

Methods: Based on the GBD 2021 database, this study analyzed the incidence, mortality, prevalence, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) of neuroblastoma and other peripheral nervous system tumors from 1990 to 2021, stratified by sociodemographic development index (SDI) and geographic regions.

Exploring Microbial Signatures in Endometrial Tissues with Endometriosis.

Objective: The endometrial microbiota exerts a crucial role in maintaining the health of the female reproductive system. As such, in this study, we have examined the composition of the microbiota in endometrium tissues with and without endometriosis, with the objective of identifying key species that may potentially contribute to the progression of endometriosis.

Methods: We obtained endometrial tissues from 43 women diagnosed as either having endometriosis or not.

Hydrogen sulfide sustains mitochondria functions via targeting mitochondria fission regulator 1 like protein to restore human cytotrophoblast invasion and migration.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is bioactive in mammals. Reduced HS was observe in pregnancy complications, pre-eclampsia (PE). Our previous data demonstrated that low dose of H2S enhanced cytotrophoblast (CTB) invasion and migration via mitochondria dynamics without knowing the mechanisms.

Safety of topical estrogen therapy during adjuvant endocrine treatment among patients with breast cancer: A meta-analysis based expert panel discussion.

Importance: Endocrine treatments, such as Tamoxifen (TAM) and/or Aromatase inhibitors (AI), are the adjuvant therapy of choice for hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. These agents are associated with menopausal symptoms, adversely affecting drug compliance. Topical estrogen (TE) has been proposed for symptom management, given its' local application and presumed reduced bioavailability, however its oncological safety remains uncertain.

Direct and indirect association of domestic violence against women and severe maternal morbidity: A case-control study.

This study aimed to investigate the direct association between domestic violence and the indirect association of exposure through pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal risk factors with severe maternal morbidity (SMM). The target population of this case-control study included all women who gave birth in the hospitals of the Torbat Heidarieh University of Medical Science from June 2018 to May 2020. A total of 123 mothers with SMM according to the World Health Organization criteria were selected as cases, and 127 mothers who did not meet the World Health Organization criteria were included in the control group.