Systematic review and meta-analysis of the pelvic organ prolapse and vaginal prolapse among the global population.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when one or more pelvic organs (uterus, bowel, bladder or top of the vagina) descend from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. Symptoms include pelvic discomfort, fullness, and changes in bladder or bowel function. Treatment ranges from conservative approaches to surgery, depending on symptom severity.

SPIRIT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials protocols.

Unlabelled: Transparent and accurate reporting in early phase dose-finding (EPDF) clinical trials is crucial for informing subsequent larger trials. The SPIRIT statement, designed for trial protocol content, does not adequately cover the distinctive features of EPDF trials. Recent findings indicate that the protocol contents in past EPDF trials frequently lacked completeness and clarity.

CONSORT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing reporting quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials.

Unlabelled: Early phase dose-finding (EPDF) trials are key in the development of novel therapies, with their findings directly informing subsequent clinical development phases and providing valuable insights for reverse translation. Comprehensive and transparent reporting of these studies is critical for their accurate and critical interpretation, which may improve and expedite therapeutic development. However, quality of reporting of design characteristics and results from EPDF trials is often variable and incomplete.

Noninferiority of single-incision laparoscopy vs conventional laparoscopy in salpingectomy or salpingotomy for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency frequently requiring laparoscopic intervention. This study aimed to determine whether single-incision laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective treatment method compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery with multiple ports.

Data Sources: This study searched 6 databases from their inception to May 15, 2024, for articles comparing the safety outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic surgery with conventional laparoscopic surgery in managing women with ectopic pregnancy.

Hydrocephalus, healing, and disrupted daily living: exploring maternal experiences at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi.

Background: Each year, nearly 400,000 new cases of paediatric hydrocephalus are estimated to occur worldwide, and almost half of these cases are expected to affect children in Africa. At Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), an urban tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, located in south-east Africa, around 200 children received neurosurgical treatment for hydrocephalus in 2023. These children require lifelong follow-up and care, which places significant demands on their caregivers.

Acute transient choroidal elevation induced by hyperpermeability of asymmetrical pachyvessel over-crossed watershed zone.

Purpose: To describe a case of an elderly woman who presented with acute choroidal elevation, and the elevation disappeared without any treatment a month after the onset.

Observation: A 64-year-old woman presented to the clinic with complaint of blurred vision in her left eye. Her left visual acuity was 20/32 and choroidal elevation in the macular and subretinal fluid of the left eye was observed with optical coherence tomography (OCT), and no abnormalities in her right eye.

Serous retinal detachment secondary to bilateral choroidal osteoma successfully treated with subscleral sclerectomy: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral choroidal osteoma successfully treated with subscleral sclerectomy for secondary serous retinal detachment (SRD).

Observations: A 52-year-old Japanese woman first diagnosed with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and treated with steroids for 9 years was referred to our clinic. SRD in both eyes recurred frequently and was uncontrolled with adalimumab subcutaneous injections and oral cyclosporine, in addition to steroids.

Prevalence and perception of disrespect and abuse during childbirth in public healthcare facilities in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: There is increasing awareness of disrespect and abuse (DAA) during childbirth. Globally, DAA during delivery is a common cause of suffering and violation of the human rights of birthing mothers. Respectful maternal care is necessary to improve the quality of care and uptake of institutional delivery services to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Comparison of Papanicolaou Smear Tests Among HIV Negative and HIV Positive Pregnant Women on HAART at a Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, causing morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. It develops from premalignant lesions of the cervix. Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of dysplastic changes in the cervix.

Comparison Of Risk Factors and Clinicopathological Features Between Pre- and Post-Menopausal Patients with Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women globally with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2020. In Nigeria, it constitutes about 12% of all new cancers and 25% of all cancers in women.

Patient-Related and Health System Factors, and Experiences of Women with a History of Stillbirth in Port-Harcourt.

Background: Nigeria makes a substantial contribution to the global burden of stillbirths. However, data on women's experiences and care received at the time of stillbirth are limited. This study aimed to investigate the experiences and patient-related and health system factors in women who had a stillbirth in a previous pregnancy in the past 15 years.

Otorhinological disorders among pregnant women attending the obstetric clinic at Benjamin Mkapa Hospital, Tanzania.

Background: Pregnancy leads to physiological changes primarily driven by hormones like oestrogen and progesterone. Such changes are multi-systemic in nature including involvement of the ear, nose and throat. Such changes impair the quality of the life of pregnant women and thus requires prompt intervention during pregnancy.

The Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype is Associated with an Adverse Cardiometabolic Profile in this Cohort of Nigerians.

Background: The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype was introduced as a means of identifying individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome as well as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. However, studies surrounding the prevalence of the phenotype and its relationship with established markers of cardiometabolic risk, especially in the Nigerian population, remain sparse. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the HTGW phenotype and explore its relationship with cardiovascular risk markers, namely Castelli Risk Indices I and II (CRI-I and CRI-II), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and serum triglyceride-HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL).

Factors Associated with the Place of Delivery among Women in Ogun East Senatorial District Nigeria: A Rural-Urban Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Choosing the appropriate place for delivery has a significant impact on the outcome of labour and childbirth. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the place of delivery among women in Ogun East senatorial district, Nigeria.

Methodology: Using a multistage sampling technique, a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 women in Ogun East Senatorial District.

Hypophosphatemia in pregnancy: A case report.

Autosomal hypophosphatemic rickets though a rare genetic disorder can lead to significant discomfort to the patient resulting in clinical deterioration and a poor quality of life. We describe a case of a 33-year-old woman G2P1001 at 6 weeks of gestation with complaints of myalgia and bony pains. Keeping her history of bony pains and fractures in mind, she was further evaluated.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Feto-Maternal Outcomes in Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State-A Comparative Study of Two Diagnostic Criteria.

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is dependent on the diagnostic criteria used and there is no consensus on screening methods and diagnostic criteria. The International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) recently put forward new diagnostic criteria and encourages its adoption worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of GDM and to compare the foeto-maternal outcomes of women diagnosed with GDM in the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa using the WHO 1999 and IADPSG criteria.

Fallopian Tube Papilloma: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.

Fallopian tube papilloma (FTP) is one of the benign lesions of the oviduct and is a rare proliferative epithelial lesion. Low incidence and underreporting of the disease limit our knowledge of these lesions. These lesions cause a diagnostic dilemma and need to be differentiated from several other conditions of the fallopian tubes both benign and malignant.

Geospatial Distribution, Accessibility and Utilization of Basic Emergency Obstetric and New-born Care in Jigawa State, Northwest Nigeria.

Background: High maternal mortality has remained a problem, especially in developing countries. Ensuring availability and utilization of Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care services (BEmONC) reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to determine the geospatial distribution, accessibility and utilization of BEmONC services in Jigawa State.

Assessing response to stressful emotions: a controlled crossover study using pupillometry.

Background: Fear and horror induce autonomic protective responses, acting as "survival intelligence." Pupillometry is an innovative method that captures real-time autonomic nervous system reactions to stress.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of pupillometry to assess the acute response to a passive real-life stressor-viewing a truthful war scene.

Growth Hormone Increase Induced by Oral Administration of Melatonin in a Young Woman With Sleep Disturbances.

Growth hormone (GH) secretion by the pituitary is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory pathways such as growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin, respectively, being also modulated by different neurotransmitters acting at the hypothalamic/pituitary level. The pineal gland hormone melatonin regulates GH secretion in many mammals, including humans, although its role in modulating GH secretion has been debated. We describe the case of a young woman chronically taking melatonin for sleep disturbances, referring to her general practitioner for flushing that appeared just after starting melatonin intake.

COVID-19 Stress is Associated with Increased Smoking among People with HIV in Western Washington: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: People living with HIV (PWH) frequently have co-morbid substance use disorders that may have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined associations between COVID-related stress and increased substance use among PWH in Washington State.

Methods: Between August 2020 and March 2021, we conducted an online survey of 397 PWH in Western Washington.

Cost-effective analysis focused on hypoglycemia of intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes adults: a ISCHIA randomized clinical trial.

Background: This study aimed to compare the economic value of intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Participants were placed on either an isCGM or SMBG arm for 84 days, in a randomized, crossover setup with a 28-day washout period. Clinically relevant hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dL) and severe hypoglycemia (SH) risks were calculated by analyzing the data from isCGM.

Depression in pregnant non-diabetic women and women with gestational diabetes in Bangladesh-a comparative study based on multiple logistic regression.

Background: Depression and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pose significant challenges during pregnancy. Limited literature exists on depression in women with GDM, with most studies focusing on pre-pregnancy diabetes or postpartum depression. This study fills a crucial gap by specifically investigating and comparing antenatal depression among subjects with and without GDM in Bangladesh, utilizing data from the gestational period.

Prevalence and risk factors for skeletal muscle mass loss in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

This study aimed to the investigate prevalence and factors associated with reduced skeletal muscle mass in non-elderly adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ninety-nine patients (65 women, mean age: 43 ± 11 years, range 20-65 years) with acute-onset T1D who underwent body component analysis between October 2016 and April 2018 were studied. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to calculate the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of the limbs.