Diverse microbiome functions, limited temporal variation and substantial genomic conservation within sedimentary and granite rock deep underground research laboratories.

Background: Underground research laboratories (URLs) provide a window on the deep biosphere and enable investigation of potential microbial impacts on nuclear waste, CO and H stored in the subsurface. We carried out the first multi-year study of groundwater microbiomes sampled from defined intervals between 140 and 400 m below the surface of the Horonobe and Mizunami URLs, Japan.

Results: We reconstructed draft genomes for > 90% of all organisms detected over a four year period.

Reproductive outcomes of lactating dairy cows submitted to first timed artificial insemination protocols with different strategies to induce final ovulation.

The study evaluated strategies for induction of ovulation at the end of timed AI (TAI) protocols initiated after a novel presynchronization strategy. A total of 909 lactating dairy cows from 6 dairy herds initiated a presynchronization protocol on d -15 with an intravaginal progesterone (P4) implant and 7 d later (d -8) were treated with 1.0 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC) and 0.

Late-gestation heat stress alters placental structure and function in multiparous dairy cows.

The placenta plays a pivotal role in fetal development and the dam's subsequent lactation performance, because it facilitates nutrient transfer, heat dissipation, and gas exchange with the growing fetus, and regulates key hormones essential for mammary gland development. Heat stress experienced during gestation and lactation can significantly reduce the placenta's capacity to perform these critical functions. To investigate the impact of heat stress, trials were conducted over the summer months of 2020, 2022, and 2023 in Florida.

Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in the United States: Operations, revenue, and the impact of scale.

An analysis was conducted using nationwide survey data to evaluate how material recovery facilities (MRFs) operations vary regionally and with scale. The survey characterized materials, processes, and energy use involved with operations, and revenue for recyclables. This is the first nationwide analysis of MRFs in the US that accounts for mass processed, energy consumed, and revenue.

Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Splicing Modulators on Hsh155/SF3B1 through Chemical Synthesis and Yeast Genetics.

Meayamycins are synthetic analogs of the natural product FR901464 and exhibit potent anticancer activity against human cancers. They bind SF3B1 and PHF5A, components of the human spliceosome, and they alter pre-mRNA splicing. Detailed analysis of the active site led us to investigate a narrow pocket within the binding site that surrounds the α,β-unsaturated amide portion of meayamycin.

Influence of Biological Sex and Congenital Iron Deficiency on Neonatal Cytokine Responses.

Background/objectives: Stimulated cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) cytokine responses were previously shown to predict the risk of childhood atopic disease. Iron deficiency (ID) at birth may also program atopic disease. Males are at a higher risk of pediatric atopic disease, but it is not known whether congenital ID impacts CBMC immune responses differentially by sex.

Lipidomic Signature of Healthy Diet Adherence and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk in American Adults.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the blood lipidomic profile associated with a healthy eating pattern in a middle-aged US population sample and to determine its relationship with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk (CVR).

Methodology: Self-reported information about diet and blood samples were obtained from 2114 adult participants in the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS). Food intake data were used to design a Healthy Diet Index (MIDUS-HEI) and to evaluate the predictive value by examining its association with health variables.

Effect of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Different Feed Additives on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Enteric Methane Emissions, and Physiological Responses in Feedlot Beef Cattle Fed a High-Concentrate Finishing Diet.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) in combination with different feed additives on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, enteric methane (CH) emissions, nutrient intake and digestibility, and blood parameters in feedlot beef cattle. In experiment (Exp.) 1, one hundred sixty-eight Nellore bulls (initial bodyweight (BW) 410 ± 8 kg) were allocated to 24 pens in a completely randomized block design.

Elucidating the Mechanism of Electrooxidative Allene Dioxygenation: Dual Role of Tetramethylpiperidine -Oxyl (TEMPO).

The cumulated π system of a nonsymmetric allene contains three distinct unsaturated carbons that imbue it with unique reactivity toward radicals as compared to its alkene and alkyne counterparts. Despite the synthetic potential of these versatile building blocks, electrochemical transformations of allenes have been historically underexplored. Myriad strategies for easy access to allenes, coupled with the resurgence of interest in sustainable oxidative transformations of hydrocarbons, prompted our efforts to conduct an in-depth investigation of a rare example of an electrochemical TEMPO-mediated allene dioxygenation.

A chromosome-level genome of the giant vinegaroon Mastigoproctus giganteus exhibits the signature of pre-Silurian whole genome duplication.

Within the arachnids, chromosome-level genome assemblies have greatly accelerated the understanding of gene family evolution and developmental genomics in key groups, such as spiders (Araneae), mites and ticks (Acariformes and Parasitiformes). Among other poorly studied arachnid orders that lack genome assemblies altogether are the clade Pedipalpi, which is comprised of three orders that form the sister group of spiders, which diverged over 400 Mya. We close this gap by generating the first chromosome-level assembly from a single specimen of the vinegaroon Mastigoproctus giganteus (Uropygi).

An improved CapsNet based on data augmentation for driver vigilance estimation with forehead single-channel EEG.

Various studies have shown that it is necessary to estimate the drivers' vigilance to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. Most existing EEG-based vigilance estimation studies have been performed on intra-subject and multi-channel signals, and these methods are too costly and complicated to implement in practice. Hence, aiming at the problem of cross-subject vigilance estimation of single-channel EEG signals, an estimation algorithm based on capsule network (CapsNet) is proposed.

Regulated resource reallocation is transcriptionally hard wired into the yeast stress response.

Many organisms maintain generalized stress responses activated by adverse conditions. Although details vary, a common theme is the redirection of transcriptional and translational capacity away from growth-promoting genes and toward defense genes. Yet the precise roles of these coupled programs are difficult to dissect.

Use of Digital Health and Digital Therapeutics to Treat SUD in Criminal Justice Settings: a Review.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to investigate the use of digital health technologies and/or digital therapeutics (DTx) products in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) in the general population and among criminal justice-involved individuals.

Recent Findings: Despite an expanding evidence base, only three SUD DTxs have received federal regulatory approval. Across studies, DTx products have proven successful in engaging patients in SUD treatment and reducing healthcare costs and resource utilizations.

Large Area Near-Field Thermophotovoltaics for Low Temperature Applications.

Thermophotovoltaics, devices that convert thermal infrared photons to electricity, offer a key pathway for a variety of critical renewable energy technologies including thermal energy storage, waste heat recovery, and direct solar-thermal power generation. However, conventional far-field devices struggle to generate reasonable powers at lower temperatures. Near-field thermophotovoltaics provide a pathway to substantially higher powers by leveraging photon tunneling effects.

Divergent Effects of Ketamine and the Serotoninergic Psychedelic 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Iodoamphetamine on Hippocampal Plasticity and Metaplasticity.

Introduction: Serotonergic psychedelics and ketamine produce rapid and long-lasting symptomatic relief in multiple psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests that despite having distinct molecular targets, both drugs may exert therapeutic benefit via their pro-neuroplastic effects. Following treatment with ketamine or serotonergic psychedelics, patients are reported to be more open to behavioral change, which is leveraged for psychotherapy-assisted reframing of narratives of the self.

Alkene Carboxy-Alkylation via CO

Herein, we introduce a new platform for alkene carboxy-alkylation. This reaction is designed around CO addition to alkenes followed by radical polar crossover, which enables alkylation through carbanion attack on carbonyl electrophiles. We discovered that CO adds to alkenes faster than it reduces carbonyl electrophiles and that this reactivity can be exploited by accessing CO via hydrogen atom transfer from formate.

Advanced Piezoelectric Materials, Devices, and Systems for Orthopedic Medicine.

Harnessing the robust electromechanical couplings, piezoelectric materials not only enable efficient bio-energy harvesting, physiological sensing and actuating but also open enormous opportunities for therapeutic treatments through surface polarization directly interacting with electroactive cells, tissues, and organs. Known for its highly oriented and hierarchical structure, collagen in natural bones produces local electrical signals to stimulate osteoblasts and promote bone formation, inspiring the application of piezoelectric materials in orthopedic medicine. Recent studies showed that piezoelectricity can impact microenvironments by regulating molecular sensors including ion channels, cytoskeletal elements, cell adhesion proteins, and other signaling pathways.

The economic impact of purulent vaginal discharge in dairy herds within a single lactation.

The goal of this study was to calculate the cost of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) in dairy cows. The data set included 11,051 cows from 16 dairy herds located in 4 regions of the US. Purulent vaginal discharge was characterized as a mucopurulent, purulent, or reddish-brownish vaginal discharge collected at 28 ± 7 d in milk.

Multiple ovulation was positively associated with milk yield independently of circulating progesterone concentrations in multiparous high-producing Holstein cows submitted to Double-Ovsynch.

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations and milk yield during the ovulatory follicular wave on the proportion of multiple ovulation (MOV) in multiparous high-producing Holstein cows (n = 1,345). The study used first-service multiparous cows submitted to a Double-Ovsynch program (GnRH; 7 d later, PGF; 3 d later, GnRH; 7 d later, GnRH [G1]; 7 d later, PGF [PG1]; 1 d later, PGF; ∼32 h later, GnRH [G2]; ∼16 h later, timed AI [TAI]). To assess ovulatory response and proportion of MOV, ovarian ultrasonography examinations were performed at G1 (n = 1,215) and G2 (n = 1,345) and from 40 to 48 h after each GnRH.

Separate sites of action for cry1 and phot1 blue-light receptors in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl.

Rapid cell expansion pushes the Arabidopsis hypocotyl (juvenile stem) through the soil until blue light, acting first through phototropin 1 (phot1) and then through cryptochrome 1 (cry1), suppresses elongation to produce a length characteristic of established, photosynthetically capable seedlings. To determine where these two different blue-light receptors act to suppress hypocotyl elongation, we measured relative elemental growth rate, specifically along the hypocotyl midline at 5-min intervals before and during blue light, using a machine-learning-based image analysis pipeline designed specifically for this kinematic analysis of growth. In darkness, hypocotyl material expanded most rapidly (approximately 4% h) in a broad zone approximately 1 mm below the apical terminus of the hypocotyl (cotyledonary node).

Intact Mass Proteomics Using a Proteoform Atlas.

Top-down proteomics, the characterization of intact proteoforms by tandem mass spectrometry, is the principal method for proteoform characterization in complex samples. Top-down proteomics relies on precursor isolation and subsequent gas-phase fragmentation to make proteoform identifications. While this strategy can produce highly detailed molecular information, the reliance on time-intensive tandem MS limits the speed with which proteoforms can be identified.