Approaches for measuring cumulative childhood adversity: A study of youth from 5 sub-Saharan African countries.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include forms of abuse, neglect, and household stressors that are potentially early life traumatic experiences. A summed integer count of ACEs is often used to examine cumulative childhood adversity (CCA) but has limitations.

Objectives: The current study tests two additional methods for measuring CCA using large samples of youth in low- and middle-income countries.

Parental absence as an adverse childhood experience among young adults in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Parental absence in childhood has been associated with multiple negative consequences, such as depression and anxiety in young adulthood.

Objective: To assess whether parental absence for six months or more in childhood is associated with poor mental health and substance use in young adulthood and whether parental absence accounts for additional variance beyond those explained by other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among youth in sub-Saharan Africa.

Participants And Settings: We used combined Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) data from Cote d'Ivoire (2018), Lesotho (2018), Kenya (2019), Namibia (2019), and Mozambique (2019).

UNC-82/NUAK kinase is required by myosin A, but not myosin B, to assemble and function in the thick filament arms of C. elegans striated muscle.

The mechanisms that ensure proper assembly, activity, and turnover of myosin II filaments are fundamental to a diverse range of cellular processes. In Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscle, thick filaments contain two myosins that are functionally distinct and spatially segregated. Using transgenic double mutants, we demonstrate that the ability of increased myosin A expression to restore muscle structure and movement in myosin B mutants requires UNC-82/NUAK kinase activity.

Financing community partnerships for health equity: Findings and insights from cross-sector professionals.

Objective: To enhance understanding of financial alignment challenges facing cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) pursuing health equity and offer insights to guide research and practice.

Data Sources And Study Setting: We collected data through surveys and interviews with cross-sector professionals in 16 states, 2020-2021.

Study Design: We surveyed 51 CSP leaders and received 26 responses.

Increasing access to psychiatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic through mental health clinical pharmacy specialist services.

Introduction: Higher rates of mental health conditions, increased incidence of psychiatric diagnoses, and symptom relapse with minimal access to psychotherapeutic services are reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. A local area clinic in the United States that exists to serve underprivileged patients helps to combat poor psychiatric outcomes by offering psychiatric clinics, pharmacotherapy management, and medications at reduced or no cost.

Methods: Recruitment and data collection were conducted from May 3, 2021, to March 3, 2022.

Screening and therapeutic recommendations for patients with alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder worldwide. Early screening can identify patients at risk for developing AUD, creating opportunities for prevention and early intervention. This article encourages the use of AUD screening tools, explores AUD treatments, and aims to equip clinicians with evidence-based strategies to prevent and manage AUD.

An Exploration of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Antiracism in Standardized Patient Simulations.

A trending topic in pharmacy education is the importance of educating and exposing student pharmacists to topics of diversity, equity, inclusion, and antiracism (DEIA). Incorporation of diverse patient populations is one emerging learning opportunity for students in the DEIA space. This commentary presents the findings of seven pharmacy programs reporting similarities and differences in standardized patient (SP) recruitment and training, and their use in DEIA simulation learning activities.

Adolescents' and Adults' Perceptions of Sensory-Based Interventions: A Qualitative Analysis.

Importance: Adolescents and adults report that their sensory integration and processing differences affect their occupational performance and quality of life, thus requiring effective sensory-focused interventions. Researchers have yet to investigate this population's experience of occupational therapy interventions designed to remediate these challenges.

Objective: To explore the perceived experience of adolescents and adults with respect to (1) response to intervention, (2) strategies offered to manage sensory differences, and (3) need for services on completion of an intervention.

Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for the treatment of inferior vena cava thrombus.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to warfarin in patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus.

Methods: This was a single-system, retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adult patients with IVC thrombus treated with a DOAC or warfarin therapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was the thrombus resolution on imaging, and the primary safety endpoint was major bleeding, both assessed within 6 months of hospital discharge.

Quality Control of 11 Cannabinoids by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Objective: Cannabinoid extraction from L. (hemp) for nonmedical purposes has become popular in the United States. Concerns, however, have been raised regarding the accuracy of the labels for cannabinoid levels in the commercial products.

What are the unsupervised exercise adherence rates in clinical trials for knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review.

Background: Exercise is an effective intervention for knee osteoarthritis (OA), and unsupervised exercise programs should be a common adjunct to most treatments. However, it is unknown if current clinical trials are capturing information regarding adherence.

Objective: To summarize the extent and quality of reporting of unsupervised exercise adherence in clinical trials for knee OA.

Childhood verbal abuse as a child maltreatment subtype: A systematic review of the current evidence.

Background: In recent years, the prevalence of childhood emotional abuse has surpassed other forms of maltreatment. Childhood verbal abuse (CVA) is a key attribute of emotional abuse, yet CVA is not recognized as its own form of maltreatment and thus, has not received adequate attention. Clear terminology, definitions, and measures are needed to aid in assessing the occurrence and impact of CVA for its recognition and prevention.

Evaluating the perceptions of a required didactic Mental Health First Aid training course among first-year pharmacy students.

Background And Purpose: Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training was designed to help participants identify mental health challenges and provide support to those in need. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of a required first-year didactic MHFA course and to determine if MHFA reduces stigma and increases confidence in first-year pharmacy students' abilities to offer help to those experiencing a mental health challenge or a crisis.

Educational Activity And Setting: Participants were first-year doctor of pharmacy students at a single site in the United States.

Anatomic donor surgeries increase self-efficacy in physical therapy education: Use of live versus recorded viewing.

Anatomy serves as a foundational course in physical therapy education, but, due to its early placement in the curriculum, may have limited clinical application at that point of a student's education. Thus, augmenting a standard dissection course with surgical procedures can enhance the clinical relevance and knowledge of the anatomical structures involved in those surgeries. Doctor of Physical Therapy students viewed a variety of cadaveric orthopedic and cardiothoracic surgeries performed by a surgeon.

Medical Spanish in Pharmacy Education: A Call to Action.

The Spanish-speaking population in the United States is large, growing, and diverse. There is an increasing need for pharmacists to be linguistically and culturally equipped to provide safe and effective care to this population. Therefore, pharmacy educators should help prepare and train students for this responsibility.

Childhood Asthma-Management Practices in Rural Nigeria: Exploring the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Caregivers in Oyo State.

Caregivers of asthmatic children have a poor knowledge of proper asthma-management practices in Nigeria. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors of caregivers in the management of asthma in children under 5 years of age in Oyo State, Nigeria. While a mixed method was used in the original research, this brief describes the quantitative method used in this study to evaluate caregivers' asthma-management practices.

Incorporation of yoga in pharmacy education.

Background: The well-being of pharmacists is critical to support personal and professional health. Identifying and integrating a variety of practices that promote wellness is prudent for schools/colleges of pharmacy so students may form habits before entering the profession as practitioners. Yoga, a practice that combines muscular activity with mindfulness, can be incorporated with minimal resources via numerous mechanisms within and outside of the curriculum.

A Follow-Up Study on Delivery of Pharmacy Law Education Across Doctor of Pharmacy Programs.

Objective: To present 2018-2019 data from an expanded investigation after an inaugural 2016 pilot survey, which previously reported on the delivery of pharmacy law education in doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs in the US.

Methods: Due to the limited scope of responses in the 2016 pilot study, the earlier survey was refined and readministered (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) utilizing branching logic to specifically identify characteristics of the pharmacy law content and its delivery in PharmD curricula. The follow-up study received an exempt status from the Institutional Review Board of Keck Graduate Institute.

Faculty Preparation for Teaching in Occupational Therapy: Current State and Future Needs.

Importance: Results of this study are helpful for the development of new faculty members who may have been trained as clinicians but not necessarily as academicians.

Objective: To determine occupational therapy faculty perceptions of their preparation for a teaching role, evaluate professional development activities in which educators currently engage, and identify teaching and learning topics most needed in future training activities.

Design: Quantitative, descriptive survey.

Gait Device Treatment Using Telehealth for Individuals With Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Nonrandomized Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, rehabilitation providers and consumers adopted telehealth practices at unprecedented rates. Multiple prepandemic studies demonstrate the feasibility and comparable efficacy between in-clinic and remote treatment for certain impairments caused by stroke, such as upper extremity weakness and impaired motor function. However, less guidance has been available regarding gait assessment and treatment.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Consensus Statement: Addressing Stigma and Bias in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Obesity/Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease and Assessing Bias and Stigmatization as Determinants of Disease Severity.

Objective: To focus on the intersection of perception, diagnosis, stigma, and weight bias in the management of obesity and obtain consensus on actionable steps to improve care provided for persons with obesity.

Methods: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) convened a consensus conference of interdisciplinary health care professionals to discuss the interplay between the diagnosis of obesity using adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD) nomenclature and staging, weight stigma, and internalized weight bias (IWB) with development of actionable guidance to aid clinicians in mitigating IWB and stigma in that context.

Results: The following affirmed and emergent concepts were proposed: (1) obesity is ABCD, and these terms can be used in differing ways to communicate; (2) classification categories of obesity should have improved nomenclature across the spectrum of body mass index (BMI) using ethnic-specific BMI ranges and waist circumference (WC); (3) staging the clinical severity of obesity based on the presence and severity of ABCD complications may reduce weight-centric contribution to weight stigma and IWB; (4) weight stigma and internalized bias are both drivers and complications of ABCD and can impair quality of life, predispose to psychological disorders, and compromise the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions; (5) the presence and of stigmatization and IWB should be assessed in all patients and be incorporated into the staging of ABCD severity; and (6) optimal care will necessitate increased awareness and the development of educational and interventional tools for health care professionals that address IWB and stigma.

Physical therapy students' application of an imaging decision rule for acute knee pain.

Background: Evidence supports direct referral for imaging by physical therapists. Accuracy and self-efficacy for imaging decisions have not been investigated in entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between entry-level DPT instruction and accuracy and self-efficacy for imaging referral due to acute knee trauma.

Utilizing Flip® as a platform to facilitate a group project in a socially distanced environment.

Background And Purpose: This study evaluated the perceived impact of using Flip (Microsoft Corp.) to facilitate a group project in a socially distanced environment.

Educational Activity And Setting: Student groups were assigned a self-care scenario, and students independently traveled to local pharmacies to identify a pertinent nonprescription product.