The biodiversity of ice-free Antarctica database.

Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice-free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity-related studies.

Promoting Health Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Medical and Scientific Writing and Publishing of Research: A Statement from the Inaugural Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Advocacy Team of the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

The Journal of General Internal Medicine (JGIM) has a long-standing history of publishing manuscripts focused on health equity and is committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in scientific writing and publishing. This is extremely important in the current climate where false narratives and attacks on DEI and health equity are rampant. To demonstrate their commitment to DEI and health equity, the JGIM Editors-in-Chief created an inaugural DEI Advocacy Team.

Machine learning meta-analysis identifies individual characteristics moderating cognitive intervention efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Cognitive training is a promising intervention for psychological distress; however, its effectiveness has yielded inconsistent outcomes across studies. This research is a pre-registered individual-level meta-analysis to identify factors contributing to cognitive training efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms. Machine learning methods, alongside traditional statistical approaches, were employed to analyze 22 datasets with 1544 participants who underwent working memory training, attention bias modification, interpretation bias modification, or inhibitory control training.

Patients with neurological or psychiatric complications of COVID-19 have worse long-term functional outcomes: COVID-CNS-A multicentre case-control study.

It is established that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 often have ongoing morbidity affecting activity of daily living (ADL), employment, and mental health. However, little is known about the relative outcomes in patients with COVID-19 neurological or psychiatric complications. We conducted a UK multicentre case-control study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (controls) and those who developed COVID-19 associated acute neurological or psychiatric complications (cases).

Factors influencing participation in clinical supervision: a qualitative study reflecting physiotherapist and manager perspectives.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore physiotherapist and manager perceptions of factors that influence physiotherapist participation in clinical supervision.MethodsIndividual semi-structured interviews were conducted with physiotherapists (n = 15) and managers (n = 10) from a publicly funded health network. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim.

Impact of Immunotherapy on the Care Patterns and Outcomes of Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Modern immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors revolutionized cancer treatment and outcomes. This study aims to demonstrate how immunotherapy has impacted the national landscape of systemic treatment and palliative care in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Retrospective cohort selecting patients from the U.

Maternal obesity associates with altered humoral immunity in blood and colostrum.

Maternal obesity is a condition with increasing prevalence worldwide, that correlates with negative infant outcomes. Here we performed an observational cross-sectional study, where peripheral blood and colostrum samples from 37 mothers with BMI between 18.5-25 or > 30 kg/m (21 and 16 mothers, respectively) were collected 24-48 h postpartum.

Exome sequencing identifies existing and novel variants in a South African cohort presenting with anterior segment dysgenesis.

Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) defines a collection of congenital eye disorders that affect structures within the anterior segment of the eye. Mutations in genes that initiate and regulate the complex pathways involved in eye development can cause a spectrum of disorders such as ASD, congenital cataracts and corneal opacity. In South Africa, causes of ASD are poorly understood with few studies looking at the possible genetic basis for these disorders.

Identification and quantification of soybean 11S and 7S globulins using RP-UPLC.

Variations in the proportions of the two major soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed globulins, glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S), significantly affect the nutritional and functional properties of soy-based products, but comprehensive methods for the identification and quantification of individual subunits of these proteins are currently lacking.

Understanding the Topology Freezing Temperature of Vitrimer-Like Materials through Complementary Structural and Rheological Analyses for Phase-Separated Network.

Vitrimers are sustainable cross-linked polymers characterized by an associative bond exchange mechanism within their network. A well-known feature of vitrimers is the Arrhenius dependence of the viscosity or relaxation time. Another important aspect is the existence of a topology-freezing temperature (), which represents a transition between the viscoelastic solid state and the malleable viscoelastic liquid state.

Designing the First Pregnancy Guaranteed Income Program in the United States: Qualitative Needs Assessment and Human-Centered Design to Develop the Abundant Birth Project.

Background: Racial inequities in pregnancy outcomes persist despite investments in clinical, educational, and behavioral interventions, indicating that a new approach is needed to address the root causes of health disparities. Guaranteed income during pregnancy has the potential to narrow racial health inequities for birthing people and infants by alleviating financial stress.

Objective: We describe community-driven formative research to design the first pregnancy-guaranteed income program in the United States-the Abundant Birth Project (ABP).

Trithorax regulates long-term memory in Drosophila through epigenetic maintenance of mushroom body metabolic state and translation capacity.

The role of epigenetics and chromatin in the maintenance of postmitotic neuronal cell identities is not well understood. Here, we show that the histone methyltransferase Trithorax (Trx) is required in postmitotic memory neurons of the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) to enable their capacity for long-term memory (LTM), but not short-term memory (STM). Using MB-specific RNA-, ChIP-, and ATAC-sequencing, we find that Trx maintains homeostatic expression of several non-canonical MB-enriched transcripts, including the orphan nuclear receptor Hr51, and the metabolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh).

SiO-Mediated Hydrothermal Synthesis of Spiroffite-Type CoTeO.

The hydrothermal synthesis of novel materials typically relies on both knowledge of the redox activities of all cations present in the reaction solution and a small toolset of so-called mineralizers to tune the solution's overall chemical potential. Upon the use of a less conventional mineralizer species, SiO, we show the stabilization of spiroffite-type CoTeO under less forceful hydrothermal conditions than those in previous reports. When synthesized in the presence of both SiO and each respective alkali carbonate as a secondary mineralizer, silicon substitution in place of tellurium in the host structure becomes apparent, and the corresponding disorder introduced gives rise to enhanced low-temperature ferromagnetism.

Negative Pressure Dressings to Prevent Surgical Site Infection After Emergency Laparotomy: The SUNRRISE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients undergoing unplanned abdominal surgical procedures are at increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI). It is not known if incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) can reduce SSI rates in this setting.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of iNPWT in reducing the rate of SSI in adults undergoing emergency laparotomy with primary skin closure.

Comparative Efficacy of Nonsteroid Immunosuppressive Medications in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

Importance: Cyclophosphamide and calcineurin inhibitors are the most used nonsteroid immunosuppressive medications globally for children with various chronic inflammatory conditions. Their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain, leading to worldwide practice variation. Nephrotic syndrome is the most common kidney disease managed by pediatricians globally and suboptimal treatment is associated with high morbidity.

Automated High-Throughput Affinity Capture-Mass Spectrometry Platform with Data-Independent Acquisition.

Affinity capture (AC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is highly utilized throughout the drug discovery pipeline to determine small-molecule target selectivity and engagement. However, the tedious sample preparation steps and time-consuming MS acquisition process have limited its use in a high-throughput format. Here, we report an automated workflow employing biotinylated probes and streptavidin magnetic beads for small-molecule target enrichment in the 96-well plate format, ending with direct sampling from EvoSep Solid Phase Extraction tips for liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis.

An IgM Cleaving Enzyme for Clearance of Anti-Pig Xenoreactive Antibodies in a Nonhuman Primate Model.

Background: The removal of preformed antibodies with cleaving enzyme like IdeS (Imlifidase) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in organ transplantation for sensitized recipients. However, preformed xenoreactive antibodies (XAbs) against porcine glycans are predominantly IgM and considered detrimental in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.

Methods: Recombinant IceM, an endopeptidase cleaving IgM, was generated in Escherichia coli.

Phenotypical Characterization of Gastroenterological and Metabolic Manifestations in Patients With Williams-Beuren Syndrome.

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), but their prevalence and possible causes are not yet fully known. This study assessed GI symptoms' prevalence and their possible origin by performing a predefined set of tests in adult WBS patients. Laboratory tests and a questionnaire were administered to assess GI symptoms and dietary habits.

Platelet Concentration Explains Variability in Outcomes of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Lateral Epicondylitis: A High Dose Is Critical for a Positive Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Meta-regression.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the management of lateral epicondylitis (LE) have been characterized by substantial variability in reported outcomes. The source of this heterogeneity is uncertain.

Purpose: To determine the effect of estimated platelet concentration on the efficacy of PRP for the management of LE.

Genetic insights into the first detection of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Australia.

Species spread in a new environment is often associated with founders' effect, and reduced effective population size and genetic diversity. However, reduced genetic diversity does not necessarily translate to low establishment and spread potential. Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink is a polyphagous pest that has invaded 4 continents in around 34 years.

Are Randomized Trials Better? Comparison of Baseline Covariate Balance of a Propensity Score-Balanced Lumbar Spine IDE Trial and Comparable RCTs.

Study Design: Prospective Observational Propensity Score.

Objectives: Randomization may lead to bias when the treatment is unblinded and there is a strong patient preference for treatment arms (such as in spinal device trials). This report describes the rationale and methods utilized to develop a propensity score (PS) model for an investigational device exemption (IDE) trial (NCT03115983) to evaluate decompression and stabilization with an investigational dynamic sagittal tether (DST) vs decompression and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) for patients with symptomatic grade I lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis.

Compositional brain scores capture Alzheimer's disease-specific structural brain patterns along the disease continuum.

Introduction: Traditional multivariate methods for neuroimaging studies overlook the interdependent relationship between brain features. This study addresses this gap by analyzing relative brain volumetric patterns to capture how Alzheimer's disease (AD) and genetics influence brain structure along the disease continuum.

Methods: This study analyzed data from participants across the AD continuum from the Alzheimer's and Families (ALFA) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) studies.

Use of digital image analysis to improve rigor and efficiency of physeal bone growth measurements.

In larger, translational animal models, manual measurements of longitudinal bone growth using fluorochrome labels is tedious and may be prone to less rigor due to variations in reader experience, sampling differences, and photobleaching that limits the repeatability of measurements. This study assesses the reliability of three different digital methods to assist in measurement of distance between pulsed fluorochrome labels. Forty-five tibial physes from skeletally immature New Zealand White rabbits were pulsed with fluorochrome labels and measured using Fully Manual Technique (FMT), Manual Digital Measurement (MDM), Computer Assisted Image Processing (AIP), and Fully Automated Measurement (FAM).