Time-resolved and theoretical analysis of Mo-carbene transformations in metathesis of ethylene with 2-butene.

Although supported Mo-containing catalysts have been extensively investigated in the metathesis of ethylene with 2-butene to propene, the mechanisms of the formation and transformation of catalytically active Mo-carbenes in the course of the reaction are still not fully understood. The difficulties arise because only a tiny fraction of MoO species can form Mo-carbenes , making the detection of the latter by spectroscopic means very unlikely. Herein, purposefully designed steady-state and transient experiments including their kinetic evaluation and density functional theory calculations enabled us to elucidate mechanistic and kinetic details of the above reaction-induced processes in the metathesis reaction over a Mo/P/SiO catalyst at 50 °C.

The effect of a general practitioner's perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: secondary analysis of a point prevalence audit survey in 18 European countries.

Background: Illness severity, comorbidity, fever, age and symptom duration influence antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTI). Non-medical determinants, such as patient expectations, also impact prescribing.

Aim: To quantify the effect of general practitioners' (GPs') perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for RTI and investigate effect modification by medical determinants and country.

Rationale and Design of the HERZCHECK trial: Detection of Early Heart Failure Using Telemedicine and CMR in Structurally Weak Regions (NCT05122793).

Background And Aims: Heart failure (HF) is an imminent global health problem. Yet established screening algorithms for asymptomatic pre-HF, allowing for early and effective preventive interventions, are largely lacking. The HERZCHECK trial, conducted in structurally underserved rural regions of North-Eastern Germany, aims to close this gap by evaluating the feasibility, diagnostic efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of a fully mobile, telemedically-supervised screening approach, combining cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and laboratory testing as central elements.

Long-term recurrence after parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism-do predictors exist?

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the third most common endocrine disease, affecting predominantly postmenopausal women. About 85% of cases are caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma which leads to a hypersecretion of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and consequently to elevated serum calcium concentrations. Parathyroidectomy is the only curative treatment.

Secondary full thickness macular holes following complete vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: rare occurrence with good closure rate.

Purpose: Formation of a full thickness macular hole (FTMH) after vitrectomy is rare. The aim of this study was to describe risk factors, clinical course, anatomical and functional prognosis of secondary FTMH development following surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: Retrospective study.

Cohort profile: Swedish families of the 1990s (SWIFT90).

Purpose: The Swedish Families of the 1990s (SWIFT90) is a population-based national register cohort that follows everyone born between 1990 and 1999, their parents and siblings. The cohort was set up primarily to investigate factors associated with biological parents' involvement with child welfare services and their outcomes following child(ren) placement in out-of-home care (OHC) under the research project 'Drivers of inequalities of families involved in child welfare services (DRIVERS)'.

Participants: This cohort is defined as families consisting of parents and their children, of which at least one was born between 1990 and 1999 in Sweden, which totals 1 075 037 children.

Reduced contribution of sulfur to the mass extinction associated with the Chicxulub impact event.

The Chicxulub asteroid impact event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary ~66 Myr ago is widely considered responsible for the mass extinction event leading to the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs. Short-term cooling due to massive release of climate-active agents is hypothesized to have been crucial, with S-bearing gases originating from the target rock vaporization considered an important driving force. Yet, the magnitude of the S release remains poorly constrained.

Timing of risk factors, prodromal features, and comorbidities of dementia from a large health claims case-control study.

Background: Many risk factors for dementia have been identified, but the timing of risk is less well understood. Here, we analyzed risk factors in a case-control study covering 10 years before an incident dementia diagnosis.

Methods: We designed a case-control study using insurance claims of outpatient consultations of patients with German statutory health insurance between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022.

Methane emissions from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks.

The amount of methane released to the atmosphere from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks remains uncertain, as reflected in a wide range of estimates. A lack of information regarding the temporal variation in atmospheric emissions has made it challenging to reconcile pipeline volumetric (bottom-up) estimates with measurement-based (top-down) estimates. Here we simulate pipeline rupture emission rates and integrate these with methane dissolution and sea-surface outgassing estimates to model the evolution of atmospheric emissions from the leaks.

Airborne observations reveal the fate of the methane from the Nord Stream pipelines.

The Nord Stream pipeline leaks on 26 September 2022 released 465 ± 20 kt of methane into the atmosphere, which is the largest recorded transient anthropogenic methane emission event. While most of the gas escaped directly to the atmosphere, a fraction dissolved in the water. So far, studies on the fate of this dissolved methane rely on pipeline volumetric estimates or spatially sparse concentration measurements and ocean models.

Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters.

A suspected 443-486 kt of methane escaped from the Nord Stream pipelines in September 2022 at four explosion sites across three pipelines. Much of this methane rapidly escaped to the atmosphere, while an unknown amount was dissolved. We use sustained high-resolution observations of methane concentrations from autonomous gliders and an instrumented ship of opportunity to reveal the timing and spread of dissolved methane across different Baltic regions and marine protected areas.

Photo-Driven Direct Construction of Imidazolidines from Anilines and Paraformaldehyde and Its Application in Polyoxymethylene Plastics Usage.

Imidazolines play pivotal roles in numerous fields. However, the direct construction of imidazolines from primary amines involves precise C-C and C-N bond formations, rendering this area still underdeveloped to this day. Herein, a photo-driven metal-free catalytic system has been successfully applied to a novel coupling-cyclization reaction between arylamines and formaldehyde, enabling the direct synthesis of various 1,3-diarylimidazolines from primary amines.

Long-term cultivation of retinal pigment epithelium cells on nanofiber scaffolds.

Purpose: The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other retinal degenerative diseases. The introduction of healthy RPE cell cultures into the subretinal space offers a potential treatment strategy. The aim of this study was the long-term culture and characterisation of RPE cells on nanofiber scaffolds.

Age-specific effects of a sustained cognitive activity on perceived cognitive fatigue as well as single- and dual-task treadmill walking performance.

During their daily lives humans are often confronted with sustained cognitive activities (SCA) leading to state fatigue, a psychobiological state characterized by a decrease in cognitive and/or motor performance and/or an increase in perception of fatigue. It was recently shown that performing SCA can impair overground dual-task gait performance in older adults, but it is currently unknown whether there is a task- and/or age-specific modulation in gait performance during treadmill walking. Therefore, the effect of a SCA on single- and dual-task treadmill walking performance was investigated in young and old adults.

Repeatability of radiomic features in myocardial T1 and T2 mapping.

Purpose: To investigate the test-retest repeatability of radiomic features in myocardial native T1 and T2 mapping.

Methods: In this prospective study, 50 healthy volunteers (29 women and 21 men, mean age 39.4 ± 13.

Modifiable risk factors and symptom progression in dementia over up to 8 years-Results of the DelpHi-MV trial.

Introduction: This study investigated the association between modifiable factors and symptom progression in dementia over up to 8 years.

Methods: Multilevel growth curve models assessed the role of modifiable risk factors (low education, hearing impairment and its treatment, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes and its treatment, smoking, hypertension and its treatment, obesity, alcohol consumption, social isolation, and visual impairment) on cognitive and functional trajectories in 353 people with dementia.

Results: Higher education was associated with higher initial cognitive status but faster decline.

Synergistic effects of temperature and light on photoprotection in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Diatoms dominate phytoplankton communities in turbulent waters, where light fluctuations can be frequent and intense. Due to this complex environment, these heterokont microalgae display remarkable photoprotection strategies, including a fast Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ). However, in nature, several abiotic parameters (such as temperature) can influence the response of photosynthetic organisms to light stress in a synergistic or antagonistic manner.

High genomic connectivity within Anatoma at hydrothermal vents along the Central and Southeast Indian Ridge.

Hydrothermal vents are ecosystems inhabited by a highly specialized fauna. To date, more than 30 gastropod species have been recorded from vent fields along the Central and Southeast Indian Ridge and all of them are assumed to be vent-endemic. During the INDEX project, 701 representatives of the genus Anatoma (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda) were sampled from six abyssal hydrothermal vent fields.

Protein abundance of drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes in paired healthy and tumor tissue from colorectal cancer patients.

The widespread prevalence of colorectal cancer and its high mortality rate emphasize the urgent need for more effective therapies. When developing new drug products, a key aspect is ensuring that sufficiently high concentrations of the active drug are reached at the site of action. Drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes can significantly influence the absorption and local accumulation of drugs in intestinal tissue.

[Ophthalmic oncology in a warmer world: climate-related increase in the prevalence of eyelid cancer].

Background: Damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a decisive role in the carcinogenesis of malignant tumors of the eyelids.

Methods: A selective literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar.

Results: Large epidemiological studies show an increase in the prevalence of eyelid tumors in recent decades.

Low Temperature Emissive Cyclometalated Cobalt(III) Complexes.

A series of Co complexes [Co(ImP)][PF], with HImP = 1,1'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(3-methyl-1-imidazole-2-ylidene)) and R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, is presented in this work. The influence of the strong donor ligand on the ground and excited-state photophysical properties was investigated in the context of different alkyl substituents at the imidazole nitrogen. X-ray diffraction revealed no significant alterations of the structures and all differences in the series emerge from the electronic structures.

Evaluation of a content-based image retrieval system for radiologists in high-resolution CT of interstitial lung diseases.

Background: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the impact of a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) application on diagnostic accuracy and confidence in interstitial lung disease (ILD) assessment using high-resolution computed tomography CT (HRCT).

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with verified pattern-based ILD diagnoses were split into two equal datasets (1 and 2). The images were assessed by two radiology residents (3rd and 5th year) and one expert radiologist in four sessions.

Probing Biomolecular Interactions with Paramagnetic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Recent advances in computational methods like AlphaFold have transformed structural biology, enabling accurate modeling of protein complexes and driving applications in drug discovery and protein engineering. However, predicting the structure of systems involving weak, transient, or dynamic interactions, or of complexes with disordered regions, remains challenging. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers atomic-level insights into biomolecular complexes, even in weakly interacting and dynamic systems.