Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Hemorrhagic shock is a common condition that may lead to hemodynamic instability, decreased oxygen delivery, cellular hypoxia, organ damage, and ultimately death.

Clinical Importance: This review addresses the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock can be rapidly fatal and is the leading cause of death in human trauma patients.

Adjuvant Sirolimus Does Not Improve Outcome in Pet Dogs Receiving Standard-of-Care Therapy for Appendicular Osteosarcoma: A Prospective, Randomized Trial of 324 Dogs.

Purpose: The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key nutrient signaling hub that participates in metastatic progression of high-grade osteosarcoma. Inhibition of mTOR signaling is biologically achievable with sirolimus, and might slow the outgrowth of distant metastases. In this study, pet dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were leveraged as high-value biologic models for pediatric osteosarcoma, to assess mTOR inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for attenuating metastatic disease progression.

Pharmacokinetics of multivesicular liposomal encapsulated cytarabine when administered subcutaneously in dogs.

Background: Prolonged cytotoxic concentrations of cytarabine (CA) are required for maximum cytotoxicity. DepoCyt is a human liposomal cytarabine (LC) product that lasts longer in plasma and CSF compared with free CA (FC). The use of LC has not been evaluated in dogs.

Response rate to a single dose of vinblastine administered to dogs with treatment-naive multicentric lymphoma.

Vincristine is included in vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy protocols, which are the gold-standard treatment for high-grade canine lymphoma. Vincristine can result in relatively high rates of gastrointestinal toxicity, whereas vinblastine is generally well tolerated and thus may represent an under-utilized and minimally toxic alternative to vincristine. Our objective was to determine the response rate and toxicity associated with a single dose of vinblastine administered to dogs with treatment-naïve, intermediate to large-cell, multicentric lymphoma.

Biomechanical comparison of two ostectomy configurations for partial mandibulectomy.

Objective: To determine the stiffness and load to failure of two different ostectomy configurations using canine mandibles.

Study Design: Cadaveric biomechanical assessment.

Animals: Paired mandibles (n = 30).

Current concepts in hepatobiliary surgery.

The most common hepatic procedures performed in companion animals are liver biopsies and partial hepatectomies. Surgery of the biliary tract most often involves the gallbladder, although surgical intervention of the bile duct may also be performed. Hepatobiliary surgery is often challenging, being performed in patients with significant systemic illness and associated with potentially life-threatening complications.