2,566 results match your criteria: "Wildlife Institute of India; Chandrabani; Dehra Dun; Uttarakhand; India.. skg@wii.gov.in.[Affiliation]"

Wing spot in a tropical and a temperate drosophilid: C = C enrichment and conserved thermal response.

BMC Ecol Evol

January 2025

Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Commerce Six Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.

Wings are primarily used in flight but also play a role in mating behaviour in many insects. Drosophila species exhibit a variety of pigmentation patterns on their wings. In some sexually dimorphic Drosophilids, a pigmented spot pattern is found at the top-right edge of the male wings.

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During the evolution of parasites, co-speciation and host-range expansion are thought to play roles in establishing associations with hosts, while sorting events can lead to dissolution of those associations. To address the roles of these processes, we focus on avian haemosporidian parasites infecting hosts of the intensively studied great tit species complex. We estimated the phylogeography of lineages detected in the species complex, and quantified their transition probabilities among hosts.

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Grasslands cover approximately a third of the Earth's land surface and account for about a third of terrestrial carbon storage. Yet, we lack strong predictive models of grassland plant biomass, the primary source of carbon in grasslands. This lack of predictive ability may arise from the assumption of linear relationships between plant biomass and the environment and an underestimation of interactions of environmental variables.

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Wild solitary bees face a host of challenges from the simplification of landscapes and biodiversity loss to invasive species and urbanization. Pollinator researchers and restoration workers thus far gave much attention to increase flower cover to reduce the impact of these anthropogenic pressures. Over 30% of bee species need nonfloral resources such as leaves and resin for their survival and reproduction.

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Background: The endangered Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus), native to high-altitude Himalayas, is an ecological significant and endangered ungulate, threatened by habitat loss and poaching for musk pod distributed in western Himalayan ranges of India, Nepal and Afghanistan. Despite its critical conservation status and ecological importance in regulating vegetation dynamics, knowledge gaps persist regarding its population structure and genetic diversity, hindering effective management strategies.

Methods And Results: We aimed to understand the population genetics of Kashmir musk deer in north-western Himalayas using two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions and 11 microsatellite loci.

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Background: Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) is a tick-borne flavivirus causing debilitating and potentially fatal disease in people in the Western Ghats region of India. The transmission cycle is complex, involving multiple vector and host species, but there are significant gaps in ecological knowledge. Empirical data on pathogen-vector-host interactions and incrimination have not been updated since the last century, despite significant local changes in land use and the expansion of KFD to new areas.

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Polysaccharides, found universally in all living-species, exhibit diverse biochemical structures and play crucial roles in microorganisms, animals, and plants to defend against pathogens, environmental stress and climate-changing. Microbial exopolysaccharides are essential for cell adhesion and stress resilience and using them has notable advantages over synthetic polysaccharides. Exopolysaccharides have versatile structures and physicochemical properties, used in food systems, therapeutics, cosmetics, agriculture, and polymer industries.

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Betulinic acid (BA) has been shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities and it has shown the protective effect on acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF); however, no reports are available on its effect on ARF-CRF transition. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of BA on ARF-CRF transition. A single dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) intraperitoneal injection of folic acid was given in mice for inducing ARF-CRF transition (injury group; I) on day 1.

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This research aimed to characterize the mitochondrial genome of the Ghoongroo (GH) pig, a notable breed in India, along with its crossbred varieties, to elucidate their matrilineal components, evolutionary history, and implications for conservation. Seven pigs (5 GH, 2 crossbred, namely Rani and Asha) were sequenced for complete mitochondrial genome, while 24 pigs (11 GH, 6 Rani, and 7 Asha) were sequenced for the complete D-loop of the mitochondrial genome. The genome size of these pigs was determined to be 16,690 bp.

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How do red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) explore their environment? Characteristics of movement patterns in time and space.

Mov Ecol

January 2025

Wildlife Research Unit Baden-Württemberg, LAZBW, Atzenberger Weg 99, 88326, Aulendorf, Germany.

Background: Many animals must adapt their movements to different conditions encountered during different life phases, such as when exploring extraterritorial areas for dispersal, foraging or breeding. To better understand how animals move in different movement phases, we asked whether movement patterns differ between one way directed movements, such as during the transient phase of dispersal or two way exploratory-like movements such as during extraterritorial excursions or stationary movements.

Methods: We GPS collared red foxes in a rural area in southern Germany between 2020 and 2023.

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Unveiling Cryptic Diversity in Hylomys: A Commentary on Recent Taxonomic Revisions.

Integr Zool

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.

The genus Hylomys now comprises seven species instead of two; the Hylomys species in China should be classified as Hylomys peguensis.

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Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) supports a plethora of biodiversity with a unique assemblage of many charismatic and endemic species. We assessed the genetic diversity, demographic history, and habitat suitability of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in the IHR through the analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) and Cytochrome b gene, and 14 ecological predictor variables. We observed high genetic divergence and designated them into two genetic lineage groups, i.

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Trichophyton indotineae, first identified in India, has increasingly been reported in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and recently in the USA. The global spread of terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae underscores the urgency of the issue.

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Intra-specific interactions among top carnivores are among the most intriguing behavioural aspects and essential components of population dynamics. Static interactions pertain to space use, while dynamic interactions involve spatio-temporal patterns influenced by social structure, distribution, mate selection, and density. Previous studies have focused on static interactions, successfully estimating spatial overlap but leading to a knowledge gap of dynamic interaction to be able to compute attraction and avoidance on similar spatio-temporal scales.

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Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse and important for livelihoods and economic development, but are under substantial stress. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods are used to guide environmental policy and conservation prioritization, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors.

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This study presents the first movement analysis of snow leopards () using satellite telemetry data, focusing on the northeastern Himalayas of Nepal. By examining GPS-based satellite collar data between 2013 and 2017 from five collared snow leopards (effectively three individuals), the research uncovered distinct movement patterns, activity budgeting and home range utilisation from one adult male and two sub adult females. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) revealed three behavioural states based on the movement patterns-slow (indicative of resting), moderate and fast (associated with travelling) and demonstrated that the time of day influenced their behavioural state.

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Eurybiomic big cats are facing significant threats from poaching, which is driven by recreation, taxidermy and wildlife trade. Species identification and age estimation are important for effective conservation management and enforcement of wildlife protection regulations. In this study, we present novel comprehensive morphometric methods for species identification and age estimation in leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) using canine and claw, the major trade articles.

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Plants defend against chewing herbivores by up-regulating jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, which activates downstream signaling cascades and produces numerous secondary metabolites that act as defense molecules against the herbivores. Although secondary metabolism always remains a focus of research, primary metabolism is also reported to be realigned upon herbivory. However, JA signaling-mediated modulation of primary metabolites and their metabolic pathways in plants are mostly unexplored.

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Purpose: Henneguya sp. is a crucial myxosporean parasite known to cause milky flesh or tapioca disease in the freshwater fish population, leading to heavy mortality. Studies to investigate its host range and to monitor their prevalence in wild and aquacultured fish are necessary.

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Animal translocations provide striking examples of the human footprint on biodiversity. Combining continental-wide genomic and DNA-barcoding analyses, we reconstructed the historical biogeography of the Asian black-spined toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), a toxic commensal amphibian that currently threatens two biodiversity hotspots through biological invasions (Wallacea and Madagascar). The results emphasize a complex diversification shaped by speciation and mitochondrial introgression that comprises two distinct species.

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Pandemic-Proofing: Intercepting Zoonotic Spillover Events.

Pathogens

December 2024

Molecular and Translational Virology, Centre for Virus Research, Vaccines and Therapeutics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India.

Zoonotic spillover events pose a significant and growing threat to global health. By focusing on preventing these cross-species transmissions, we can significantly mitigate pandemic risks. This review aims to analyze the mechanisms of zoonotic spillover events, identify key risk factors, and propose evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce future pandemic threats.

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Unraveling the degradation mechanism of multiple pyrethroid insecticides by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its environmental bioremediation potential.

Environ Int

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address:

Extensive use of pyrethroid insecticides poses significant risks to both ecological ecosystems and human beings. Herein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exhibited exceptional degradation capabilities towards a range of pyrethroid family insecticides including etofenprox, bifenthrin, tetramethrin, D-cypermethrin, allethrin, and permethrin, with a degradation efficiency reaching over 84 % within 36 h (50 mg·L). Strain PAO1 demonstrated effective soil bioremediation by removing etofenprox across different concentrations (25-100 mg·kg), with a degradation efficiency over 77 % within 15 days.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the unusual mounting behavior of Japanese macaques towards Sika deer, contributing to our understanding of interspecies interactions.
  • Using video data from two locations in Japan, researchers documented and analyzed 45 instances of macaque-deer interactions, revealing four primary activities—sexual, play, grooming, and resting—with resting being the most common.
  • The study evaluates six hypotheses about the functions of these behaviors, finding significant differences in behavior duration across species and age, indicating a need for further research on the ecological and social implications of these interactions.
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This article investigates the escalating occurrence of zoonotic diseases in Africa, attributing their spread to climate change and human activities. Africa's unique combination of biodiversity, reliance on animal husbandry, and swift urbanization heightens its susceptibility. Climate change disrupts ecosystems and animal habitats, intensifying human-wildlife interactions.

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Genetic load.

Curr Biol

December 2024

Senior Fellow, DBT Wellcome Trust India Alliance, National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Genetic variation in a population is often viewed positively, seen as a way to enhance survival and adaptability.
  • However, not all genetic variants are beneficial; some can be neutral or harmful, creating what is known as 'genetic load'.
  • Advances in technology are now allowing scientists to gain deeper insights into how this genetic load affects the health and survival of wild species.
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