Exercise patterns and behaviour in Asian Indians: data from the baseline survey of the Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program (D-CLIP).

Aims: This paper attempts to describe the patterns of exercise and the perceived benefits and barriers to exercise in an urban south Indian population.

Methods: Study participants were recruited from the baseline survey of the D-CLIP (Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program). Frequency, duration, type and location of exercise were assessed using a questionnaire, while a Likert type scale was used to assess perceived benefits of and barriers to exercise.

Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD).

Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is an uncommon form of diabetes that occurs as a result of chronic calcific pancreatitis, in the absence of alcohol abuse. The disease is restricted to tropical regions of the world, and southern India has the highest known prevalence of FCPD. The typical patient with FCPD is a lean adolescent or young adult of either sex, presenting with history of recurrent bouts of abdominal pain and steatorrhea.

Comparison of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance tests done in the non-fasting (random) and fasting states.

Aim: The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) guidelines recommend the non-fasting 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a single-step screening and diagnostic test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to compare the DIPSI criteria with the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for GDM.

Methods: A total of 1,031 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in urban and rural Tamil Nadu, India, underwent a 75-g OGTT in both non-fasting and fasting states, 2-3 days apart.

Association of dietary fiber intake with serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Urban Asian-Indian adults with type 2 diabetes.

Context: There is little data correlating dietary fibre (DF) intake and cardiovascular risk in Asian Indians with diabetes.

Aim: To assess the DF intake and its association with lipid profile (total serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein [LDL] - cholesterol levels) in urban Asian Indians with diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Dietary assessment using validated Food Frequency Questionnaire was conducted in 1191 free-living adults with known diabetes in the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study.

Association of Soluble (Pro) Renin Receptor with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: There is a need to identify biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Recently the soluble pro-renin receptor (s[Pro]RR) has been shown to be associated with GDM. We investigated the association of s(Pro) RR levels in Asian Indians with GDM.

Prevalence, incidence and progression of peripheral arterial disease in Asian Indian type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: To assess the prevalence, incidence, etiology and factors related to progression of peripheral arterial disease [PAD] in Asian Indian type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with multiple Doppler studies done between 2001 and 2011 at a tertiary diabetes center in south India, were included. Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics and ankle brachial index [ABI] measurements were abstracted from the electronic medical records.

Why are clinical trials necessary in India?

Clinical trials are emerging as an important activity in India as it is an essential component of the drug discovery and development program to which India is committed. The only robust way to evaluate a new medicine is by doing properly designed clinical trials. In addition to advancing science, clinical trials offer myriad benefits to the participants.

Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in Asian Indians with young onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in people with young onset type 1 (T1DM-Y) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM-Y).

Methods: T1DM-Y(n=150) and T2DM-Y(n=150) participants, age between 10 and 25 years at diagnosis, had a complete clinical evaluation, biochemical assessment, and four field digital retinal colour photography. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system was used to grade DR.

Association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with glucose intolerance: an indicator of systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been demonstrated to be a better risk factor than total white blood cell count in the prediction of adverse outcomes in various medical conditions. This study analyzed the association of NLR with different grades of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in Asian Indians.

Subjects And Methods: Study subjects were recruited from Phase 3 of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES).

Increased risk of type 2 diabetes with ascending social class in urban South Indians is explained by obesity: The Chennai urban rural epidemiology study (CURES-116).

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors responsible for differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in subjects of different social class in an urban South Indian population.

Materials And Methods: Analyses were based on the cross-sectional data from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study of 1989 individuals, aged ≥20 years. Entered in the analyses were information obtained by self-report on (1) household income; (2) family history of diabetes; (3) physical activity; (4) smoking status; (5) alcohol consumption.

EIF2AK3 mutations in South Indian children with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus associated with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome.

Objective: This study describes the clinical and genetic evaluation of permanent neonatal diabetes due to Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS) in south Indian consanguineous families. We aimed to evaluate the genetic basis of the disease in eight children with WRS from five South Indian families.

Patients And Methods: We studied eight children who presented with permanent neonatal diabetes from five South Indian families.

Comparison of characteristics between nonobese and overweight/obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a South Indian population.

Aims: This study was designed to compare the characteristics of nonobese and overweight/obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an urban South Indian population.

Subjects And Methods: The study group comprises 541 subjects drawn from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), which was carried out on a representative sample of Chennai city in southern India. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography.

Challenges in estimation of glycated hemoglobin in India.

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the most widely accepted index of long-term glycemic control. However, there are some clinical situations that make the accurate measurement of HbA1c difficult. Although some of these situations are general, others are more specific to some parts of the world like India.

Serum adiponectin helps to differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes among young Asian Indians.

Objective: This study assessed whether serum adiponectin could be used as a biochemical marker to differentiate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young Asian Indians.

Research Design And Methods: We recruited age- and sex-matched individuals with physician-diagnosed T1DM (n=70) and T2DM (n=72). All were 12-27 years of age with a duration of diabetes of >2 years, at a large tertiary-care diabetes center in Chennai, southern India.

The prevalence of presarcopenia in Asian Indian individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.

Objective: This study compared the skeletal muscle mass and prevalence of presarcopenia between Asian Indian individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes (n=76) and age- and sex-matched controls without diabetes (n=76) were drawn from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES), which was carried out on a representative sample of Chennai City in South India. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle mass by the square of the individual's height in meters and expressed as kg/m(2).

Associations of β-cell function and insulin resistance with youth-onset type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among Asian Indians.

Aim: This study examined β-cell function and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) in Asian Indian youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-Y) and prediabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Eighty-two subjects with non-insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes and age of onset below 25 years were recruited within 18 months of diagnosis and compared with age- and sex-matched subjects with prediabetes (n=31) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 83). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured, and blood samples were taken in the fasting state and after 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of an oral glucose load for assessment of plasma glucose and insulin levels.

Accelerated fat cell aging links oxidative stress and insulin resistance in adipocytes.

Telomere shortening is emerging as a biological indicator of accelerated aging and aging-related diseases including type 2 diabetes. While telomere length measurements were largely done in white blood cells, there is lack of studies on telomere length in relation to oxidative stress in target tissues affected in diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to induct oxidative stress in adipocytes and to test whether these adipocytes exhibit shortened telomeres, senescence and functional impairment.

A simple Indian diabetes risk score could help identify nondiabetic individuals at high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (CURES-117).

Objective: We aim to determine whether a simple Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) is associated with individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among nondiabetic Asian Indians.

Methods: Nondiabetic participants (n = 409) were selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study. Mean age was 40 ± 11.

Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: Standpoint of an experts' committee (India hypoglycemia study group).

The epidemic of type 2 diabetes and the recognition that achieving specific glycemic goals can substantially reduce morbidity have made the effective treatment of hyperglycemia a top priority. Despite compelling evidence that tight glycemic control is crucial for delaying disease progression, increased risk of hypoglycemia associated with such control underscore the complexity of diabetes management. In most cases, hypoglycemia results from an excess of insulin, either absolute or relative to the available glucose substrate and the factors perhaps exacerbating the risk are pharmacokinetic imperfections, behavioral, co-morbidities etc.

Prevalence of glucose intolerance among children and adolescents in urban South India (ORANGE-2).

Aim: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of glucose intolerance (prediabetes or diabetes) in children and adolescents in urban South India.

Subjects And Methods: Children (6-11 years old) and adolescents (12-19 years old) (n=1,519; 777 boys and 742 girls) were randomly selected from residential apartments representing the 10 corporation zones of Chennai city. Height, weight, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and blood pressure were measured using standardized techniques.

Noninvasive type 2 diabetes screening: clinical evaluation of SCOUT DS in an Asian Indian cohort.

Objective: This study evaluated the noninvasive, point-of-care diabetes screening device, Scout DS (VeraLight Inc., Albuquerque, NM) (SCOUT), in a native Asian Indian cohort.

Research Design And Methods: SCOUT is a tabletop, skin fluorescence spectrometer that reports a risk score following a 3-4-min noninvasive measurement of a subject's left volar forearm.

Circulating levels of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and total adiponectin in relation to fat distribution, oxidative stress and inflammation in Asian Indians.

Aim: To look at the association of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin with markers of fat distribution, oxidative stress and inflammation in Asian Indians.

Methods: A total of 120 subjects were chosen randomly from Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study. Fasting HMW adiponectin levels, TNF-alpha and oxidized LDL were measured using ELISA.

Association of glycated hemoglobin with carotid intimal medial thickness in Asian Indians with normal glucose tolerance.

Aim: To assess the association of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) in Asian Indians with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: Subjects with NGT were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study carried out on a representative population of Chennai, South India. All subjects had fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dl (5.

Accelerated aging as evidenced by increased telomere shortening and mitochondrial DNA depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Although shortened telomeres were shown associated with several risk factors of diabetes, there is lack of data on their relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, we compared the relationship between telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 145) and in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 145). Subjects were randomly recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study.