Screening of Crucial Cytosolicproteins Interconnecting the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease and the Impact of Anti-Parkinson Drugs in the Preservation of Organelle Connectivity.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is well-established in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its dysfunctions associating with cell organelle connectivity remain unknown. We aimed to establish the crucial cytosolic protein involved in organelle connectivity between mitochondria and the endopalmic reticulum (ER) through a computational approach by constructing an organelle protein network to extract functional clusters presenting the crucial PD protein connecting organelles. Then, we assessed the influence of anti-parkinsonism drugs ( = 35) on the crucial protein through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation and further validated its gene expression in PD participants under, istradefylline ( = 25) and amantadine ( = 25) treatment.

Blood-derived miRNA levels are not correlated with metabolic or anthropometric parameters in obese pre-diabetic subjects but with systemic inflammation.

As blood-derived miRNAs (c-miRNAs) are modulated by exercise and nutrition, we postulated that they might be used to monitor the effects of a lifestyle intervention (LI) to prevent diabetes development. To challenge this hypothesis, obese Asian Indian pre-diabetic patients were submitted to diet modifications and physical activity for 4 months (LI group) and compared to a control group which was given recommendations only. We have considered 2 periods of time to analyze the data, i.

Lower Dietary Intake of Plant Protein Is Associated with Genetic Risk of Diabetes-Related Traits in Urban Asian Indian Adults.

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes among South Asians is caused by a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to examine the impact of dietary and genetic factors on metabolic traits in 1062 Asian Indians. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

Decreased Sestrin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia and their association with the severity of atherogenic index.

Purpose: We earlier reported that Sestrin2 regulates monocyte activation and atherogenic events through AMPK-mTOR nexus under high-glucose and dyslipidemic conditions. However, the statuses of Sestrins in diabetes and dyslipidemia are not known. We report here on the status of Sestrins and their association with diabetic dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Impact of type 2 diabetes variants identified through genome-wide association studies in early-onset type 2 diabetes from South Indian population.

The prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) is increasing in Asian countries. Genome-wide association studies performed in European and various other populations have identified associations of numerous variants with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, the genetic component of EOT2D which is still unexplored could have similarities with late-onset type 2 diabetes.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) accelerates renal cell fibrosis under high glucose condition through NOX4/ROS/ERK signaling pathway.

We previously reported that the circulatory level of Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was increased in diabetic kidney disease patients. However, the mechanism and the role of ADMA in diabetic kidney injury remain unclear. Hence, our principal aim is to investigate the causal role of ADMA in the progression of renal cell fibrosis under high glucose (HG) treatment and to delineate its signaling alterations in kidney cell injury.

Incidence of hypertension among Asian Indians: 10 year follow up of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-153).

Aims: There are very few studies on incidence of hypertension from developing countries. We report on the incidence of hypertension and its risk factors in Chennai city in southern India.

Methods: Participants were 1691 individuals from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) cohorts who did not have hypertension (normotensive n = 878, prehypertension n = 813) at baseline and who were followed for a median of 9.

Reliability and Validity of a Physical Activity Questionnaire for Indian Children and Adolescents.

Background: In low- and middle-income countries, sedentary behavior is widely prevalent in the young. Reliable and valid instruments are essential for evaluating sedentary behavior and physical activity in children and adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of an easy to use physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents from India.

A Nutrigenetic Approach to Investigate the Relationship between Metabolic Traits and Vitamin D Status in an Asian Indian Population.

Studies in Asian Indians have examined the association of metabolic traits with vitamin D status. However, findings have been quite inconsistent. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic traits and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in urban south Indians with different grades of glucose tolerance.

The present study assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban south Indian population in individuals with different grades of glucose tolerance. A total of 1500 individuals (900 normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 300 prediabetes and 300 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) who were not on vitamin D supplementation were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study follow-up study. Anthropometric, clinical examination and biochemical investigations (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and serum lipids) were measured.

Altered circulatory levels of miR-128, BDNF, cortisol and shortened telomeres in patients with type 2 diabetes and depression.

Aims: Several studies have reported the role of biomarkers either in diabetes or depression. The present study is aimed at profiling the circulating levels of miR-128, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol and telomere length in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without depression compared to individuals with normal glucose tolerance.

Methods: Study subjects (n = 160) were recruited from an ongoing epidemiological study in southern India.

Clinical Profile of Elderly Patients (Over 90 Years) with Type 2 Diabetes Seen at a Diabetes Center in South India.

The current life expectancy in India is <70 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to reduce life expectancy by 6-8 years. Hence elderly people with T2DM in India would be rare.

Evidence for the association between gene variants and vitamin B12 concentrations in an Asian Indian population.

Background: Low vitamin B12 concentrations have been associated with major clinical outcomes, including adiposity, in Indian populations. The Fat mass and obesity-associated gene () is an established obesity-susceptibility locus; however, it remains unknown whether it influences vitamin B12 status. Hence, we investigated the association of two previously studied polymorphisms with vitamin B12 concentrations and metabolic disease-related outcomes and examined whether these associations were modified by dietary factors and physical activity.

Use of Telemedicine Technologies in Diabetes Prevention and Control in Resource-Constrained Settings: Lessons Learned from Emerging Economies.

Telemedicine is a promising strategy that utilizes telecommunication to provide health care in remote areas, facilitating beneficial interaction between the health care provider and people in rural areas and making affordable and accessible medical care available to remote, inaccessible areas of the world. This article provides an overview of some of the ways telemedicine is improving diabetes care outcomes at the community level. Telemedicine can play a number of roles in moving quality diabetes care forward.

Periodontal therapy as an adjunctive modality for HbA1c reduction in type-2 diabetic patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in improving glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Materials And Methods: Adult T2DM patients with mild-to-moderate periodontal disease, reporting to a tertiary care diabetes center in South India, from January to June 2014, were enrolled in the study. Medical management of T2DM along with diet and physical exercise was an inclusion criterion.

In silico identification and wet lab validation of novel cryptic B cell epitopes in ZnT8 zinc transporter autoantigen.

Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is a novel immunodominant autoantigen, associated with Type-1 diabetes. A non-synonymous polymorphism (R325W) in its gene is associated with Type-2 diabetes. In this study, we performed an in silico B cell epitope prediction followed by wetlab validation of ZnT8.

1,5 Anhydroglucitol in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: 1,5 Anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) is reported to be a more sensitive marker of glucose variability and short-term glycemic control (1-2 weeks) in patients with type1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the role of 1,5 AG in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not clear. We estimated the serum levels of 1,5 AG in pregnant women with and without GDM.

Prevalence of vitamin B deficiency in South Indians with different grades of glucose tolerance.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of vitamin B deficiency in an urban south Indian population in individuals with different grades of glucose tolerance.

Methods: A total of 1500 individuals [900 normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 300 prediabetes and 300 type 2 diabetes (T2DM)] who were not on vitamin B supplementation were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES) follow-up study. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical investigations, which included vitamin B, insulin, homocysteine, HbA1c and serum lipids, were measured.

MicroRNAs from urinary extracellular vesicles are non-invasive early biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients with the 'Asian Indian phenotype'.

Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) from extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as promising biomarkers for a number of diseases. In this study, their potential as urine-based biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy (DN) was assessed.

Methods: MiRNAs were profiled in urinary EVs from 160 fasting subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and in T2DM patients with either microalbumininuria (MIC) or macroalbuminuria (MAC).

Causes and predictors of mortality in Asian Indians with and without diabetes-10 year follow-up of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES - 150).

Background: The incidence and prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide and it is the fifth leading cause of mortality accounting for over 3.8 million deaths annually. Despite the enormity of the diabetes-related health burdens, very few studies have evaluated the factors associated with mortality among people with diabetes in India.

Interaction between TCF7L2 polymorphism and dietary fat intake on high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Recent evidence suggests that lifestyle factors influence the association between the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 (TCF7L2) gene variants and cardio-metabolic traits in several populations; however, the available research is limited among the Asian Indian population. Hence, the present study examined whether the association between the MC4R single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs17782313) and two SNPs of the TCF7L2 gene (rs12255372 and rs7903146) and cardio-metabolic traits is modified by dietary factors and physical activity. This cross sectional study included a random sample of normal glucose tolerant (NGT) (n = 821) and participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 861) recruited from the urban part of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES).

TLR-induced secretion of novel cytokine IL-27 is defective in newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic subjects.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the innate immune receptors, act as sentinels bridging both innate and adaptive arms of immunity. In the present study, we estimated TLR-induced secretion of IL-27, IL-12, IL-23, IL-8, IP-10, IL-17, IL-6 and TNF-α (by ELISA) and expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen- (Human Leukocyte Antigen - antigen D Related (HLA-DR), CD69, CD80 (also known asB7-1) (by flowcytometry) and Activating Transcription Factor 3(ATF3) (by qRT-PCR) in whole blood cultures of control and type-2 diabetic (both newly diagnosed/NDD and known/KDM) subjects. TLR-induced secretion of IL-27 was significantly reduced in the NDD group compared to the control (Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT)) and KDM groups.

The 1h post glucose value best predicts future dysglycemia among normal glucose tolerance subjects.

Aim: To analyse the OGTT glycemic parameters - fasting, 1h and 2h plasma glucose values singly and in various combinations; with respect to their prediction of future dysglycemia in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: Electronic medical records of individuals who underwent an OGTT between 1991 and 2016 at a tertiary diabetes centre were analysed. NGT subjects who had at least one more follow up OGTT (n=1356) were selected for the study.

Challenges in diagnosis and management of diabetes in the young.

The prevalence of diabetes in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide, with profound implications on the long-term health of individuals, societies, and nations. The diagnosis and management of diabetes in youth presents several unique challenges. Although type 1 diabetes is more common among children and adolescents, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in youth is also on the rise, particularly among certain ethnic groups.

Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in 15 states of India: results from the ICMR-INDIAB population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies have not adequately captured the heterogeneous nature of the diabetes epidemic in India. The aim of the ongoing national Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes study is to estimate the national prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in India by estimating the prevalence by state.

Methods: We used a stratified multistage design to obtain a community-based sample of 57 117 individuals aged 20 years or older.