Cellular responses in marine animals to hydrostatic pressure.

Hydrostatic pressure (HP), increasing by 1 atm per 10 m in the ocean, perturbs many cellular processes, for example, by rigidifying membranes and disturbing protein folding and ligand binding. Membranes can be fluidized to work under high HP by increasing unsaturated fatty acids, for example, docosahexaenoic acid. Over generations, some deep-sea proteins have evolved intrinsic resistance to HP, but often incompletely.

Play for success: A novel intervention to boost visual attention in low-socioeconomic-status infants.

Developmental differences in visual attention between infants of low and high socioeconomic status (SES) have been observed as early as 6 months of age. These deficits in low-SES infants may compound into the well-known achievement gap when children enter grade school. The current study implemented a novel intervention designed to boost early visual attention.

Correction: Guideline levels for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water: the role of scientific uncertainty, risk assessment decisions, and social factors.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Operant Conditioning Task to Measure Song Preference in Zebra Finches.

An operant conditioning paradigm is used to test the song preference of female zebra finches. Finches are placed in a two-chambered cage with a connecting opening and indicate their preference for a song by landing on a perch within each chamber. By interrupting the infrared beam from a photoelectric sensor above each perch, the bird activates the playback of a song through a speaker located on each side of the cage.

Exhaustive Cyanation of the Dodecaborate Dianion: Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray Crystal Structure of [B(CN)].

The percyanated dodecaborate anion [B(CN)] was prepared by reacting [BI] with CuCN in the presence of a palladium catalyst at elevated pressure and temperature in a microwave reactor. The fully cyanated cluster was isolated as a tetraethylammonium salt in yields of up to 39% and characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of a copper complex of the percyanated anion, (CHCN)Cu[μ-B(CN)]Cu(NCCH), was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Atmospheric Deposition of Coal-Related Pollutants in the Pacific Northwest of the United States from 1950 to 2016.

Coal-related elements are toxic and persistent pollutants that have spread globally since the industrial revolution, mainly from point-source emissions. A sediment core was collected from Deep Lake in northeastern Washington State (USA) by the Washington State Department of Ecology, with the aim of assessing recent changes in atmospheric deposition in the US Pacific Northwest. The core was divided into depth intervals and dated by lead-210.

High concentrations of trimethylamines in slime glands inhibit skein unraveling in Pacific hagfish.

Hagfish defend themselves from fish predators by producing large volumes of gill-clogging slime when they are attacked. The slime consists of seawater and two major components that are ejected from the slime glands: mucus and threads. The threads are produced within specialized cells and packaged into intricately coiled bundles called skeins.

On the Rise: Experimental and Computational Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy Studies of Pyruvic Acid and Its Surface-Active Oligomer Species at the Air-Water Interface.

It is well known that atmospheric aerosol play important roles in the environment. However, there is still much to learn about the processes that form aerosols, particularly aqueous secondary organic aerosols. While pyruvic acid (PA) is often better known for its biological significance, it is also an abundant atmospheric secondary organic ketoacid.

A comparison of gas stream cooling and plunge cooling of macromolecular crystals.

Cryocooling for macromolecular crystallography is usually performed via plunging the crystal into a liquid cryogen or placing the crystal in a cold gas stream. These two approaches are compared here for the case of nitro-gen cooling. The results show that gas stream cooling, which typically cools the crystal more slowly, yields lower mosaicity and, in some cases, a stronger anomalous signal relative to rapid plunge cooling.

Structural characterization of a prolyl aminodipeptidase (PepX) from Lactobacillus helveticus.

Prolyl aminodipeptidase (PepX) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds from the N-terminus of substrates when the penultimate amino-acid residue is a proline. Prolyl peptidases are of particular interest owing to their ability to hydrolyze food allergens that contain a high percentage of proline residues. PepX from Lactobacillus helveticus was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as an N-terminally His-tagged recombinant construct and was crystallized by hanging-drop vapor diffusion in a phosphate buffer using PEG 3350 as a precipitant.

Unique osmoregulatory morphology in primitive sharks: an intermediate state between holocephalan and derived shark secretory morphology.

Discovery of an unusual rectal gland in the Atlantic sixgill shark Hexanchus vitulus led us to examine the rectal glands of 31 species of sharks to study diversity in rectal-gland morphology. Twenty-four of 31 species of sharks had digitiform glands (mean width-length ratio ± SD = 0.17 ± 0.

Combining Social Science and Environmental Health Research for Community Engagement.

Social science-environmental health (SS-EH) research takes many structural forms and contributes to a wide variety of topical areas. In this article we discuss the general nature of SS-EH contributions and offer a new typology of SS-EH practice that situates this type of research in a larger transdisciplinary sensibility: (1) environmental health science influenced by social science; (2) social science studies of environmental health; and (3) social science-environmental health collaborations. We describe examples from our own and others' work and we discuss the central role that research centers, training programs, and conferences play in furthering SS-EH research.

Toward a Developmental Science of Politics.

In this monograph, we argue for the establishment of a developmental science of politics that describes, explains, and predicts the formation and change of individuals' political knowledge, attitudes, and behavior beginning in childhood and continuing across the life course. Reflecting our goal of contributing both theoretical conceptualizations and empirical data, we have organized the monograph into two broad sections. In the first section, we outline theoretical contributions that the study of politics may make to developmental science and provide practical reasons that empirical research in the domain of politics is important (e.

A Case of an Acutely Ill Adult Athlete with Previously Undiagnosed Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a genetic condition most commonly characterized by hypertrophy of the ventricular septum, which leads to left ventricle outflow obstruction. Due to the severity of the condition, it is often diagnosed in adolescents, especially in those who exercise. We describe the case of a 53-year-old male, previously undiagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), who became dyspneic during a bike race.

Tests of General Relativity with GW170817.

The recent discovery by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo of a gravitational wave signal from a binary neutron star inspiral has enabled tests of general relativity (GR) with this new type of source. This source, for the first time, permits tests of strong-field dynamics of compact binaries in the presence of matter. In this Letter, we place constraints on the dipole radiation and possible deviations from GR in the post-Newtonian coefficients that govern the inspiral regime.

Whitman Teaches the Movement: Bridging Campus and Community Through Dialogue.

This chapter showcases a program that involves college student leaders to teach about the civil rights movement to K-12 students in local public schools. Voices of a student leader and high school teacher speak to the program's impact on them personally and professionally, and provide broader lessons for cultivating student leadership through the lived practice of community action.

Accelerating structure-function mapping using the ViVa webtool to mine natural variation.

Thousands of sequenced genomes are now publicly available capturing a significant amount of natural variation within plant species; yet, much of these data remain inaccessible to researchers without significant bioinformatics experience. Here, we present a webtool called ViVa (Visualizing Variation) which aims to empower any researcher to take advantage of the amazing genetic resource collected in the 1001 Genomes Project (http://1001genomes.org).

Interleukin-1 receptor accessory proteins are required for normal homeostatic responses to sleep deprivation.

Interleukin-1β (IL1) is a sleep regulatory substance. The IL1/IL1 type 1 receptor complex requires a receptor accessory protein (AcP) to signal. There are three isoforms of AcP.

Mandarin tone recognition in English speakers with normal hearing and with cochlear implants.

Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant users have difficulty perceiving tonal changes in speech with current signal processing strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether English-speaking cochlear implant and normal hearing listeners can be trained to recognise closed-set Mandarin tones. The validity of using native-English speakers to evaluate Mandarin tone perception in cochlear implants was tested.

Successful Management of Two Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage due to Carpet Viper (Echis ocellatus) Envenomation in a Limited-Resource Environment.

The West African carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) causes more deaths than any other snake in sub-Saharan Africa. Carpet viper envenomations are characterized by a venom-induced consumption coagulopathy and systemic bleeding syndrome, in addition to local symptoms of painful progressive swelling and tissue destruction. The highest mortality rate is seen in the final stages of the syndrome, which typically ends with fatal internal bleeding or hemorrhagic shock.

Progesterone decreases gut permeability through upregulating occludin expression in primary human gut tissues and Caco-2 cells.

Progesterone plays a protective role in preventing inflammation and preterm delivery during pregnancy. However, the mechanism involved is unknown. Microbial product translocation from a permeable mucosa is demonstrated as a driver of inflammation.

Risky Business? Manufacturer and Retailer Action to Remove Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemicals From Consumer Products.

In the absence of comprehensive environmental regulation, under what conditions can social movement pressure on the private sector generate substantive change? We explore this question in relation to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals that are widely used in consumer products and industrial processes yet remain largely understudied and weakly regulated. This paper focuses on the strengths and limitations of one high-profile shame campaign by Greenpeace that has called for clothing and outdoor brands to eliminate PFAS from their products. We find that while the campaign appears to have spurred widespread awareness of PFAS in the apparel industry, corporate action remains fragmented and leaves broader environmental and social justice concerns unaddressed.

The role of halogen substituents and substrate pK in defining the substrate specificity of 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase (PcpA).

2,6-Dichlorohydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase (PcpA) is a non-heme Fe(II) enzyme that is specific for ortho-dihalohydroquinones. Here we deconvolute the role of halogen polarizability vs. substrate pK in defining this specificity, and show how substrate binding compares to the structurally homologous catechol extradiol dioxygenases.