Profiles of cardiometabolic risk and acculturation indicators among South Asians in the US: latent class analysis of the MASALA study.

Background: South Asians (SA) represent the fastest growing US immigrant group, and previous studies have indicated that they face disproportionately high burden of cardiometabolic disease. Cardiometabolic disease manifests as a syndemic or synergistic epidemic encompassing multiple disease clusters influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors stemming from the acculturative process. This process may exacerbate morbidity within immigrant subgroups.

Spin-Coupled Electron Densities of Iron-Sulfur Cluster Imaged by Serial Laue Diffraction.

Iron-sulfur clusters are inorganic cofactors found in many proteins involved in fundamental biological processes. The prokaryotic DNA repair photolyase PhrB carries a four-iron-four-sulfur cluster ([4Fe4S]) in addition to the catalytic flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a second cofactor ribolumazine. Our recent study suggested that the [4Fe4S] cluster functions as an electron cache to coordinate two interdependent photoreactions of the FAD and ribolumazine.

Optimizing clinical outcomes with stellate ganglion block and trauma-informed care: A review article.

Background: For decades, thousands of active-duty service members have sought treatment for trauma exposure. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is a fast-acting nerve block documented in medical literature for nearly a century that has shown promise as a potentially life-altering treatment for post-traumatic stress (PTS).

Objective: This review aims to answer the practical questions of those who support individuals suffering from trauma: (1) SGB's safety profile (2) efficacy data (3) potential advantages and limitations, (4) a cross-cultural application example, (5) and the use of SGB in combination with talk therapy to optimize clinical outcomes.

Concentrations of Fluoxetine Enantiomers Decline During Pregnancy and Increase After Birth.

Rationale: Few studies of the effect of the dynamic physiologic changes during pregnancy on plasma concentrations of fluoxetine (FLX) have been published.

Objectives: We determined the change in concentration to dose (C/D) ratios of R- and S-FLX and R- and S-norfluoxetine monthly during pregnancy and postpartum, assessed their relationships to cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP2C9 metabolizer phenotypes, and evaluated the course of their depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Methods: In this observational study, 10 FLX-treated pregnant individuals provided blood samples at steady state every 4 weeks during pregnancy and once postpartum for measurement of plasma FLX and norfluoxetine enantiomer concentrations.

Efficacy of cervical sympathetic blockade in the treatment of primary and secondary PTSD symptoms: A case series.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop in individuals following exposure to an overwhelmingly traumatic event. Secondary PTSD is defined as occurring after exposure to a person with primary PTSD, such as an intimate partner. Successful treatment of PTSD symptoms by the use of cervical sympathetic blockade (CSB) has been previously reported to help with symptoms irrespective of PTSD cause.

Religion/Spirituality and Prevalent Hypertension among Ethnic Cohorts in the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health.

Background: Hypertension is a significant public health issue, particularly for Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and South Asians who are at greater risk than whites. Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been shown to be protective, but this has been identified primarily in whites with limited R/S measures examined (i.e.

The allosteric gating mechanism of the MthK channel.

Allostery is a fundamental element during channel gating in response to an appropriate stimulus by which events occurring at one site are transmitted to distal sites to regulate activity. To address how binding of the first Ca ion at one of the eight chemically identical subunits facilitates the other Ca-binding events in MthK, a Ca-gated K channel containing a conserved ligand-binding RCK domain, we analysed a large collection of MthK structures and performed the corresponding thermodynamic and electrophysiological measurements. These structural and functional studies led us to conclude that the conformations of the Ca-binding sites alternate between two quaternary states and exhibit significant differences in Ca affinity.

"The Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health (SSSH): Psychometric Evaluation and Initial Validation of the SSSH Baseline Spirituality Survey".

This paper describes the development and initial psychometric testing of the baseline Spirituality Survey (SS-1) from the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health (SSSH) which contained a mixture of items selected from validated existing scales and new items generated to measure important constructs not captured by existing instruments. The purpose was to establish the validity of new and existing measures in our racially/ethnically diverse sample. Psychometric properties of the SS-1 were evaluated using standard psychometric analyses in 4,634 SSSH participants.

Religion and Spirituality among American Indian, South Asian, Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White Women in the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health.

Social scientists have increasingly recognized the lack of diversity in survey research on American religion, resulting in a dearth of data on religion and spirituality (R/S) in understudied racial and ethnic groups. At the same time, epidemiological studies have increasingly diversified their racial and ethnic representation, but have collected few R/S measures to date. With a particular focus on American Indian and South Asian women (in addition to Blacks, Hispanic/Latinas, and white women), this study introduces a new effort among religion and epidemiology researchers, the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health (SSSH).

Patterns of Clinical Progression in Radiorecurrent High-risk Prostate Cancer.

The natural history of radiorecurrent high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa) is not well-described. To better understand its clinical course, we evaluated rates of distant metastases (DM) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in a cohort of 978 men with radiorecurrent HRPCa who previously received either external beam radiation therapy (EBRT, n = 654, 67%) or EBRT + brachytherapy (EBRT + BT, n = 324, 33%) across 15 institutions from 1997 to 2015. In men who did not die, median follow-up after treatment was 8.

Biconcave glenoids show 3 differently oriented posterior erosion patterns.

Background: Posterior glenoid wear remains a challenge in anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) because of an asymmetric erosion with altered retroversion. The purpose of this study was to assess glenoid morphology and evaluate the influence of acromial orientation in posterior glenoid erosion patterns by using 3-dimensional (3D) models.

Material And Methods: Computed tomographic (CT) shoulder scans from 3 study centers of patients awaiting rTSA between 2017 and 2018 were converted into 3D models and analyzed by 2 observers.

Exploring Alternative Sites for Glenoid Component Fixation Through Three-Dimensional Digitization of the Glenoid Vault: An Anatomic Analysis.

Introduction: Glenoid component loosening has remained one of the most common complications for total shoulder arthroplasty. Three-dimensional modeling of the glenoid may reveal novel information regarding glenoid vault morphology, providing a foundation for implant designs that possess the potential to extend the survivorship of the prosthesis.

Methods: A three-dimensional digitizer was used to digitize the glenoids of 70 cadaveric scapulae.

An automated platform for serial crystallography at room temperature.

Direct observation of functional motions in protein structures is highly desirable for understanding how these nanomachineries of life operate at the molecular level. Because cryogenic temperatures are non-physiological and may prohibit or even alter protein structural dynamics, it is necessary to develop robust X-ray diffraction methods that enable routine data collection at room temperature. We recently reported a crystal-on-crystal device to facilitate diffraction of protein crystals at room temperature devoid of any sample manipulation.

Long-term outcomes of a prospective randomized trial of Cs/I permanent prostate brachytherapy.

Purpose: Iodine-125 (I) is the most commonly used isotope for prostate brachytherapy (BT). Cesium-131 (Cs) has a higher dose rate and shorter dose delivery time resulting in decreased duration of acute urinary morbidity. Long-term data suggest excellent oncologic outcomes; it is not known how outcomes compare.

Microscopical discrimination of human head hairs sharing a mitochondrial haplogroup.

In forensic analyses, determining the level of consensus among examiners for hair comparison conclusions and ancestry identifications is important for assessing the scientific validity of microscopical hair examinations. Here, we present data from an interlaboratory study on the accuracy of microscopical hair comparisons among a subset of experienced hair examiners currently analyzing hair in forensic laboratories across the United States. We examined how well microscopical analysis of hair can reliably be used to differentiate hair samples, many of which were macroscopically similar.

Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of Adolescents With Acetabular Retroversion Treated Arthroscopically.

Background: Retroversion of the acetabulum is a cause of pincer impingement. Symptomatic retroversion has traditionally been treated with anteverting periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). However, arthroscopic rim trimming can also treat pincer impingement associated with acetabular retroversion.

Long-term biochemical outcomes using cesium-131 in prostate brachytherapy.

Purpose: Long-term outcomes reveal equivalent biochemical outcomes with low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy (BT) compared with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy for the management of prostate cancer. Iodine-125, the most commonly used isotope, may be associated with long-term urinary consequences. Cesium-131 (Cs) has a higher dose rate and shorter dose delivery time, predicting a shorter duration of urinary morbidity.

The 'upper deck view' improves visualization during acetabuloplasty without chondro-labral detachment.

The 'upper deck' view is an arthroscopic perspective which visualizes the labral-osseous junction without detachment of the chondro-labral junction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the 'upper deck' view in preventing incomplete acetabuloplasty. Data were prospectively collected from September 2016 to November 2016 for all hip arthroscopies.